"Learning by doing" has become a trend, what is difficult in the implementation of subject practice?

　　"Learning by doing" has become a trend, where is the difficulty in subject practice

【New Semester · New Curriculum Standard】　

Since my country launched a new round of basic education curriculum reform in 2001, the concept of practical learning has been widely accepted and used in teaching, and students' innovative spirit and practical ability have gradually been improved.

However, there are still many problems in the implementation process.

In the autumn of 2022, with the official implementation of the newly revised "Compulsory Education Curriculum Plan and Curriculum Standards (2022 Edition)", new difficulties have also surfaced.

Where is the difficulty in the implementation of subject practice, and how to make subject practice truly become a booster for the cultivation of students' core literacy?

The reporter interviewed relevant experts.

Difficulty 1: The understanding of subject practice should be strengthened, and the test proposition still needs to be reformed

　　Why so much emphasis on practice?

　　"The typical feature of the traditional way of educating people is 'sit and talk', which takes listening, memorizing, comprehension, practice, and examination as the main activities. It can be called a book-based or cognitive-based way of educating people. There are advantages in knowledge and skills, but at the same time this advantage is the 'weak underbelly' of our country's basic education, which seriously restricts the cultivation of creative talents in our country." Director of the Basic Education Curriculum Research Center of Fujian Normal University, Compulsory Education Curriculum Revision Comprehensive Group Yu Wensen, a core member, believes that to cultivate core literacy, it is necessary to turn learning itself into a process of practice and innovation, and cultivate students' practical ability, hands-on ability, innovation ability and questioning ability.

　　"The curriculum reform more than 20 years ago emphasized comprehensive practical activities. But this comprehensive practical activity is a project or topic independent of each discipline, which can easily cause 'two skins' of discipline and practice. If only relying on additional comprehensive practice Activities cannot fundamentally solve the problem of lack of subject practice.” Yu Wensen believes, “This reform of the new curriculum standard will refine on the basis of the original experience from the aspects of curriculum positioning, curriculum content, and curriculum outline, and integrate practice into In all disciplines, advocating subject practice has become the norm, which is one of the most notable highlights of the new curriculum standard. All courses must be learned through practice, so it is called subject practice.”

　　Zhang Yawei, vice-principal of Huaihe Primary School in Beilun District, Ningbo City, also said that in the past, when the compulsory education courses guided students to "learn, think and practice", they paid more attention to the process of "learning" and "thinking". The focus is not strong enough.

Subject practice guides students to "learn by doing", closely integrates knowledge learning with student experience, real life, and social practice, helps students cultivate and improve core literacy through practical activities, and explores and innovates in practice. The requirement of education to "focus on cultivating top-notch innovative talents" coincides with each other.

Therefore, it is particularly important to optimize the implementation methods and paths of practical activities.

　　Shao Zhihao, the principal of the High School Attached to Northeast Normal University, believes that subject practice is one of the directions for deepening classroom teaching reform, but in the current implementation process, there is still a phenomenon that only pays attention to the superficial teaching of knowledge and ignores the practice process of students.

Moreover, the evaluation of many practical activities ignores the details of children's creativity and thinking, the performance and process evaluation is insufficient, the evaluation subject is single, and the evaluation method is random.

　　In this regard, Yu Wensen also expressed concern: "The bigger challenge we are facing now is that the research on test questions is relatively lagging behind. We hope that all test questions are based on a certain situation, rather than the practice questions that are divorced from the real situation in the past. .As long as the student has practiced and experienced in similar situations, he must have different gains and experiences, and it will be easier to answer the questions. The reform of the test proposition needs to be continuously studied in the future.”

Difficulty 2: The current textbooks need to be better connected with the new curriculum standards, and professional guidance needs to be strengthened

　　As far as subject practice is concerned, it is not an easy challenge to implement the requirements of the new curriculum standard for subject practice based on the current teaching materials.

　　Yu Wensen said, "From September onwards, the new curriculum standards have been used to guide teaching, but the current textbooks are not compiled according to the requirements for core literacy training. This may cause the requirements of the new curriculum standards to be inconsistent with the teaching materials. Teachers are already used to it. In the case of the current textbooks, it is easy to blur the requirements of the new curriculum standards, or even return to the old way. In the case of using the current textbooks, it is difficult for many schools and teachers to carry out subject practice in accordance with the requirements of the new curriculum standards Therefore, some schools have not really started to move.” Moreover, compared with the ready-made knowledge in previous textbooks, the new curriculum standard advocates exploring problems and organizing teaching by setting situations.

"How does the teacher set up the situation, set up the project and task, and ask questions? It must be reasonably designed, with appropriate difficulty, and nested and coordinated between large tasks and small tasks; it can not only allow students to learn knowledge, but also stimulate students' learning. interest. All of these put forward higher requirements for the professionalism of teachers, and there is an urgent need to strengthen professional guidance for primary and secondary school teachers."

　　In the transitional stage, how to do a good job of connecting has become the direction for teachers to explore.

"Pay attention to the connection between subject knowledge and students' actual life, let students find the corresponding situation of subject knowledge in life practice to assist in understanding subject knowledge, transfer relevant knowledge to real life after understanding, and innovatively solve more practical problems in life, thus Make students gain something from what they learn, use what they learn, and highlight the value of the subject.” This is what Liang Jiaojiao, an English teacher at Tsinghua High School Yongfeng School, is doing.

　　"For teaching, I mainly use the new curriculum standards as the basis, research the meaning of the unit theme, find relevant situations in the students' life and social environment, set up unit tasks, and gradually let students perceive, understand, and apply through the sub-activities of each lesson. Practice and transfer innovation, so as to achieve the teaching goal.” Taking the teaching of Unit 6, the second volume of the eighth grade of PEP English as an example, combined with the content of the unit, Liang Jiaojiao set the big task of the unit as a series of themed activities of “Chinese Stories, Told in English”.

　　The series of courses has a total of five class hours. In the first class, listening and speaking, students tell the story of Yugong Yishan through audio or video; in the second class, reading class, students learn to evaluate classic characters by reading and evaluating Yugong and the Monkey King, and copy them by hand. Briefly describe your favorite Chinese classic stories and comment on classic characters in the form of newspapers.

The third class is grammar class. After students understand 3 western fairy tales, they make a simple comparison between Chinese and Western stories, and then tell a Chinese and Western story in the form of group cooperation, and make a comparison.

The fourth class is a reading class. Students read the script of "Candy House" to understand the elements of script writing, how to adapt and continue to write stories, and choose their own stories to adapt, continue to write, write scripts and other re-creation.

The fifth class is the report performance class, where students will tell or interpret their own writing works.

　　"Let students deepen their understanding of traditional Chinese culture step by step through activities such as telling stories, adapting and continuing stories, writing story scripts, and interpreting stories. Students with different hobbies have the opportunity to choose to give full play to their own advantages and show their talents. In addition, students can compete in audio homework and video homework, and the sense of honor and achievement after winning the award will become the motivation for students to continue learning." Liang Jiaojiao said .

Difficulty 3: It is difficult to effectively integrate resources, and discipline practice planning must be strengthened

　　In the process of carrying out subject practice, Shao Zhihao found that some students regarded the practical activities as "play", and some students lacked reflection on the activities.

The depth of research by students of different grades is difficult to match, the teaching content is broad, and the research content is repetitive.

Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the planning of subject practice goals and activity methods.

Shao Zhihao introduced that from the perspective of curriculum practice, interdisciplinary theme learning is based on disciplinary practice, which is the integration of various disciplinary practices with disciplinary characteristics, and solves real problems or completes real tasks in an interdisciplinary way.

Adopt the learning mode based on project, problem, inquiry, etc., and combine and design activities such as investigation and research, comprehensive expression, social participation, planning practice and common communication.

　　The Middle School Attached to Northeast Normal University centered on the theme of "Learning and Cultivating Mid-Autumn Traditional Culture", and the four disciplines of Chinese, morality and rule of law, history, and fine arts were linked to carry out a series of interdisciplinary practical activities such as "Mid-Autumn Festival in Poetic History", "Mid-Autumn Festival in Calligraphy and Painting", and "Mid-Autumn Etiquette" .

During the Science and Technology Festival, biology, physics, and chemistry disciplines organize scientific and technological practice activities such as the selection of experimental masters.

In the 40th Teaching Hundred Flowers Award, 4 interdisciplinary practical lessons including "Scenery of the Three Gorges" (Chinese, Geography, Biology) and "Ancient Pagoda Restoration" (Mathematics, Physics) were launched.

The Primary School of the High School Attached to Northeast Normal University revolves around "the story of steamed buns in the kitchen", and carries out multi-module interdisciplinary practice through the integration of six disciplines.

During the online teaching period, the primary school department carried out multi-disciplinary and multi-year integration of theme inquiry practice online courses, with 52,893 people studying online and receiving 5,133 student homework emails.

　　Using school and local resources to carry out subject practice activities can enhance the richness and flexibility of subject practice.

　　Zhang Yawei said that school labor practice resources are relatively limited, how to combine the needs of curriculum implementation, explore the "family-school-society" trinity system cooperation mechanism, and effectively integrate the labor education force of the whole society is also the current difficulty.

　　"I think that if we can fully integrate regional resources, combine the objectives and content of the four stages of the new curriculum standard, adapt measures to local conditions, and comprehensively coordinate social practice resources, we can promote the effective implementation of labor courses with higher quality, and let students solve real problems through solving problems. Problems, mastering real skills, understanding the real world, learning to work, learning to practice, and learning to innovate." Zhang Yawei introduced that the labor course of Huaihe Primary School is becoming the main carrier to guide students' subject practice, and the school has opened up the campus "anime farm" and "warm shed base". " and other farmland cultivation sites have built labor practice classrooms such as handicraft workshops, pottery bars, cyberports, and mechanical rooms, and developed a multi-channel labor research base based on the resources of the family, school and society, providing a guarantee for the implementation and optimization of school labor courses.

For example, in the "Chinese herbal medicine" themed project activity for fifth-grade students, the school integrated "daily life labor, productive labor, and service labor" in the labor practice course into the "theme labor week" project course. It is necessary to practice the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicine ("Zhe Bawei"), the research and study of Chinese herbal medicine base, the development of Chinese herbal medicine, the promotion and publicity of Chinese herbal medicine, and the sewing of anti-epidemic sachets, etc.

In the whole process of learning and practice, students participate in many practical projects such as investigation and interview, data analysis, scientific planting, and skill learning on the basis of their original knowledge and skills, fully cultivating their comprehensive quality and innovative spirit.

(Our reporter Yang Sa)