China News Service, Xi'an, November 1 (Reporter Alina) The reporter learned from the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology on the 1st that archaeologists found a large ring trench and an adult cemetery in the late Yangshao site at the Jiangliu site.

According to reports, the large ring trench and adult cemetery are major discoveries in Yangshao archaeology in recent years, especially in the late Yangshao archaeology, which provide important data for in-depth analysis of the settlement form and social structure of the late Yangshao in Guanzhong area.

M54 unearthed bone artifact.

Photo by Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology

　　The Jiangliu Site is located in the northeast of Jiangliu Village, Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province.

In 2021, in order to cooperate with the construction of the project, archaeologists have cleaned up the rich relics of the late Yangshao period in the project site, including more than 200 relics such as ash pits, kiln sites, urn coffin burials, and a large number of pottery, stone, bone, jade and other relics.

At the same time, through comprehensive excavation, the southeastern boundary of the Jiangliu site was basically clarified.

In 2022, archaeologists will continue to carry out the archaeological work of the Jiangliu site on the west side of the excavation area in 2021. On the basis of comprehensive disclosure, they have discovered the late Yangshao ring trench and cemetery.

M57 unearthed bone artifact.

Photo by Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology

The unearthed condition of the fetal bones and funerary objects in the pelvic cavity of the owner of tomb M2.

Photo by Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology

　　According to reports, the discovery should be in the southwest section of the ring moat, with an exposed length of about 100 meters and a northwest-southeast arc trend.

Investigation and exploration showed that, affected by the collapse of the Jinghe River Valley, the northern part of Jiangliu Yangshao ring moat no longer existed, and the remaining part in the south was slightly semi-circular in plane, with a length of about 1,200 meters, and the remaining area of ​​the site in the ring moat was about 200,000 square meters.

The relics excavated in 2021 are all located in the ring trench, and most of the remains such as ash pits, kiln sites, and house sites excavated in 2022 are also located in the ring trench.

The excavation shows that the southwestern section of the ring moat was excavated manually, with a relatively regular shape, a wide mouth and a narrow bottom, and an inverted trapezoid section.

The accumulations in the ring trench are mainly yellow-brown, gray-black silt, and there are few unearthed pottery pieces.

Pottery unearthed from the Jiangliu site.

Photo by Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology

　　After determining the scope and structure of the ring moat, archaeologists began to explore the functional zoning of settlements inside and outside the ring moat, especially the relevant functional areas outside the ring moat, and finally found the Jiang Liu Yangshao cemetery outside the southwest section of the ring moat. About 15 meters away from the ring trench, 58 adult tombs were found in a concentrated distribution.

The cemetery seems to have been planned, and there is no broken relationship between the tombs. Most of them are northeast-southwest, with the head of the tomb head facing northeast and towards the ring moat.

They are all single-person burials with their backs up and their limbs upright. The shapes can be divided into three types: vertical pit tombs with two-story platforms, partial cave tombs, and vertical pit tombs. The number of vertical pit tombs with two-story platforms is the largest. .

The excavation of the M47 funerary objects.

Photo by Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology

　　None of the 58 tombs have clearly found traces of burial equipment, but some of the bones may have been wrapped in woven fabrics and buried.

The phenomenon of "cutting body" is more common, and it is more common for the palm or fingers to be cut off.

In addition, the "head burial" in which the head of the tomb owner was placed in a clay pot and the phenomenon of fetal fragments left in the pelvis of the tomb owner were also found.

M45 bone artifact unearthed.

Photo by Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology

　　Burial objects unearthed from the 30 tombs, including bone, jade, stone, stone ornaments, turquoise ornaments, pottery, etc., are large in number, but they are of a serious type, with the majority of the bone artifacts in the shape of a jig.

The unearthed positions of these bone artifacts are relatively fixed, most of which are located on the outside of the left arm of the tomb owner. The number varies from a few to thirty or forty.

M41 unearthed stone charm.

Photo by Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology

　　It is understood that the archaeological work of the Jiangliu site has basically clarified the scope and layout of the Jiangliu site, which has laid an important foundation for further analysis of the functional zoning of the Jiangliu Yangshao settlement; the excavation and research of the Jiangliu site is an important part of the exploration of the origin of Chinese civilization in Shaanxi. Archaeological harvest.

Turquoise charm unearthed from M18.

Photo by Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology

　　Compared with the mid-Yangshao period, Jiang and Liu Huanhao had a larger scale and more obvious tomb classification, implying the further development and deep differentiation of the late Yangshao society of Jiang and Liu, and it was an important material manifestation of the late Yangshao society moving towards a civilized society.

In addition, the abundant hu-shaped bone artifacts in the tombs are the first discoveries of Yangshao archaeology. The unearthed location is clear and the burial background is clear. Its function may be related to the early textile and handicraft industry, which is worthy of further in-depth study.

(Finish)