Vocational Education Vision
The adjustment range exceeds 60%, and the student growth channel is clearer
Where is the "new" in the new version of the professional catalogue of vocational education
Shi Jia, reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily
A few days ago, the Ministry of Education released a new version of the "Introduction to Vocational Education Major" (hereinafter referred to as the new version of the "Introduction"). There are 1349 majors in 19 major categories and 97 majors.
Among them, there are 358 secondary vocational education, 744 higher vocational education specialists, and 247 higher vocational education undergraduates.
Why release a new version of the Introduction?
What kind of signals are released behind the changes in the new version of "Introduction"?
Recently, a reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily interviewed a number of experts who participated in the revision (formulation) process of the new "Introduction" for interpretation.
The adjustment range exceeds 60% to cope with the digital transformation of the industry
"The overall structure reflects the integration of job and general, the professional connotation adapts to the changes in the industry, and the content strives to be concise and clear." Yang Xinbin, secretary of the Party Committee of Shenzhen Vocational and Technical College, summed up the changes in the new version of the "Introduction".
"Introduction to Vocational Education Major" is a standard text that introduces the basic information of the major and the core elements of talent training.
Previously, the professional profiles of secondary vocational and higher vocational colleges were compiled according to the 2010 revision of the secondary vocational professional catalogue and the 2015 revision of the higher vocational education specialist catalogue.
In 2021, the Ministry of Education released a new version of the professional catalogue of vocational education (hereinafter referred to as the new version of the catalogue), which integrated the design of the professional system of secondary vocational colleges-higher vocational colleges-higher vocational undergraduates. The adjustment is more than 60%.
The person in charge of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education stated at the press conference that as an extension of the update of the professional catalogue, it is urgent to provide a comprehensive, systematic and authoritative interpretation of the professional connotation in the form of a professional introduction according to the new version of the professional catalogue.
Why is the adjustment range of the new catalogue so large?
"This professional catalog revision (formulation) work will actively integrate into the new development pattern in accordance with the main goals of economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period and the requirements for vocational education in the long-term goals of 2035. On the basis of the relationship, connect with the modern industrial system, serve the industrial foundation and modernize the industrial chain." Yang Xinbin said in an interview with a reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily that a number of specialties have been added to adapt to the new changes in economic and social development. A number of majors were renamed according to industrial transformation and upgrading, and a number of majors were merged according to changes in business formats or job requirements, and a number of majors that did not meet market demand were also revoked.
"This is the need for the adaptability of vocational education. As the type of education most closely related to the economy and society, vocational education must pay close attention to the industrial chain, market signals, technological frontiers, and people's livelihood needs." Chi Yunxia, the chief inspector of Hebei Vocational and Technical University, believes that, During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country's economy is in a critical period of transforming the development mode, optimizing the economic structure, and transforming the driving force of growth. The new version of the catalogue is closely aligned with the "14th Five-Year Plan" and a forward-looking layout for 2035 to promote the upgrading and digital transformation of vocational education.
According to statistics, a total of 269 new majors have been added to the new catalogue.
Among them, 28 new majors have been added to secondary vocational education, 74 new specialties have been added to higher vocational education, and 167 have been added to undergraduate higher vocational education.
Yang Xinbin introduced that the newly added majors have the characteristics of closely connecting with the modern industrial system and serving the national strategy.
For example, for the key areas of strategic emerging industries, set up majors such as intelligent robot technology, bio-information technology, and aircraft digital assembly technology; Specialties such as childcare, smart and healthy elderly care management, etc.; for rural revitalization and green and low-carbon development, specialties such as modern seed industry technology, forest and grass ecological protection and restoration, and ecological environment engineering technology are set up.
In addition, the newly added majors closely connect with new formats and new occupations, and make up for the shortcomings of talents.
Yang Xinbin found out that the newly added majors focus on alleviating structural employment conflicts and connecting to the jobs that are urgently needed in the market.
For example, when docking new business positions in smart factories, secondary vocational schools have added intelligent production line installation and operation and maintenance majors; when docking with new customized travel formats, higher vocational colleges have added customized travel management and service majors; docking with new smart transportation positions, higher vocational undergraduates Newly added the major of urban rail transit intelligent operation.
"The newly added majors are also closely connected with advanced technologies, and the service industry can cope with the challenges of upgrading and digital transformation." Yang Xinbin gave an example, such as helping to solve the key technologies of "stuck neck" and adding majors such as integrated circuit technology.
Connect with the technical positions spawned by the new generation of information technologies such as artificial intelligence, 5G, and blockchain, and add majors such as blockchain technology application, satellite communication and navigation technology, and cloud computing technology.
More accurate professional profiles and clearer career planning
"Professional profiles are important reference materials for educated students to choose their majors and employers to select graduates." Yang Xinbin believes that the new version of the "Profile" is more concise and standardized, providing accurate information for the society, employers, parents, students and other parties. The basic information of the major is convenient for all parties to quickly understand the relevant major.
The reporter noticed that the new version of the "Introduction" uniformly adjusted the framework of the introduction of secondary vocational colleges, higher vocational colleges, and higher vocational undergraduates into 9 contents: professional code, professional name, basic years of study, occupational orientation, training target orientation, and main professional ability requirements. , Main professional courses and practical training, examples of vocational certificates, examples of continuing majors.
Yang Xinbin analyzed that, in terms of content, the new version of the "Introduction" mainly has the following significant changes: the original "employment-oriented" is adjusted to "occupation-oriented", and the occupation, job group or technical field corresponding to this major is more clearly defined.
The original "occupational ability requirements" and "main occupational ability" were adjusted to "main professional ability requirements", and the main professional ability requirements analyzed according to typical work tasks were more prominent according to the needs of the occupation (post group or technical field) corresponding to the major.
"The seemingly subtle change in wording actually reflects the goal of vocational education to cultivate high-quality skilled talents," explained Song Kai, deputy secretary of the Party Committee and deputy director of the Nonferrous Metals Industry Talent Center. "The old "Introduction" introduced where students can go after graduation. Going to work, the new version of "Introduction" tells students which industry they can work in after graduation, what kind of ability they need, and what kind of person they will become."
Song Kai introduced that there are more than 4 million employees in the national non-ferrous metal industry, of which graduates from vocational colleges account for a large part. "We especially need skilled talents." Song Kai also found that most of the graduates from vocational colleges are Front-line workers, or team leaders, have relatively weak scientific research ability and professional development ability. "The employment rate of vocational colleges is very good, but the quality of employment is not high."
Song Kai believes that the new version of the "Introduction" has been optimized and adjusted in terms of occupational orientation, main professional ability requirements, main professional courses and practical training, and examples of vocational certificates. When choosing a major, you can have a clear career plan. On the other hand, vocational colleges are also required to focus on improving students' on-site R&D capabilities and career development capabilities. "These capabilities are what the industry development urgently needs."
Song Kai believes that the new version of the "Introduction" adjusts the original "main content of professional teaching" and "core courses and practical training" to "main professional courses and practical training", including professional basic courses, professional core courses and practical training links. , the new version of the "Introduction" professional curriculum system is more complete, more instructive for schools to formulate professional talent training programs, and also leaves a reasonable space for school education and teaching reform.
The original "Vocational Qualification Certificate Example" was also adjusted to "Vocational Certificate Example", listed in accordance with vocational qualification certificates, vocational skill level certificates, etc., which is more in line with the requirements of the newly revised Vocational Education Law and is conducive to promoting vocational education post-class competitions Certified comprehensive education.
Song Kai said frankly that under the guidance of the "dual carbon" goal and vision, the new energy industry has developed rapidly. For the non-ferrous metal industry, "the circular development of metals is constantly being explored, with special emphasis on environmental protection issues, and the shortage of talents with relevant skills is particularly large. "The new version of the "Introduction" has a forward-looking layout to train students to master digital skills, green skills and other future occupational capabilities, meet the needs of employment structure adjustment, and enable vocational education majors to better adapt to, support, and lead the high-quality economic and social development.
Embody the concept of vocational-community integration and clarify the growth channel of students
"The new version of the "Introduction" is a comprehensive upgrade of the professional connotation in order to adapt to economic and social development and industrial changes." Talking about the impact of the new version of the "Introduction", Yang Xinbin said that he will optimize the talent training program for vocational colleges and improve the quality of talent training. Provide the basics to follow.
At the same time, the new version of the "Introduction" integrates the system structure of secondary vocational, higher vocational colleges, and higher vocational undergraduates, which also reflects the concept of vocational-universal integration, clarifies the growth path of students, and provides reference for students to choose their majors when they continue their studies.
Chi Yunxia believes that the new version of the "Introduction" matches the needs of new technologies and industrial changes, connects professional post scenarios, highlights the training of professional post capabilities, updates the curriculum system, upgrades the professional connotation, and downplays the color of subject education, which will promote the supply-side reform of technical and skilled talents.
In addition, in the vertical connection, the level of connotation is clarified, and it is clear what kind of enterprises and positions to train people for, such as different occupational positions, different degrees of complexity of typical work tasks in the occupational field, and graduates to solve the work content requirements of the occupational field. The structure of knowledge, ability and quality is different, "It also opens a channel for the realization of the integration and training of vocational education and the smooth growth of technical and skilled talents."
Yang Xinbin concluded that the new version of the "Introduction" is based on the research report of the new version of the catalogue, scientifically sorts out the training positioning at all levels, deeply matches the needs of new technologies and industrial changes, and closely connects new technologies, new industries, new formats, and new models. Groups or technical fields, summarize and refine typical work tasks, analyze main professional abilities, pay attention to scientific and cultural knowledge and general technical skills training, fully implement modern industrial concepts such as quality, safety, green, laws and regulations, and forward-looking layout digital skills, green skills, etc. The future vocational ability, update the curriculum system, and fully reflect the new requirements of job ability in the digital age.
Yang Xinbin said that in the next step, Shenzhen Vocational and Technical College will actively organize the study and research of the new version of the "Introduction", give full play to the guiding role of the professional profile in the construction and transformation and upgrading of related majors, connect with Shenzhen's high-end industries, and develop industries that conform to major national strategies and regional industries. The developed school-based professional standards and curriculum standards further deepen the connotation of professional profiles, and continue to promote professional upgrading and digital transformation.
"The comprehensive upgrade of professional profiles is a big challenge for vocational colleges." Ji Wenlin, former party secretary of Jiangsu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Vocational and Technical College, said that the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy requires new farmers with digital skills, and the school will benchmark the new version "Introduction" in the major categories of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery training requirements, adhering to the school running concept of "closely linked to the agricultural and animal husbandry industry chain, closely integrated with production, education and research to educate people, closely following the development of regional growth poles", and comprehensively revised (formulated) corresponding Professional talent training plan, optimize professional positioning, update curriculum system, and train students to become leaders of agricultural modernization, leaders of rural revitalization, and builders of beautiful China.