The Central Meteorological Observatory has successively issued a high temperature red warning and an orange meteorological drought warning——
Provide meteorological guarantee for scientific drought resistance (deep reading · do a good job of drought resistance)
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during his recent inspection in Liaoning that some places are currently encountering severe drought, and it is necessary to do a good job of drought relief.
Affected by high temperature weather, recently, high temperature and drought have continued to develop from the Sichuan Basin to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the drought resistance situation is severe and complicated.
Multiple places and multiple departments should implement their responsibilities, do a good job in meteorological monitoring, forecasting and early warning, strengthen joint business research and judgment, and strengthen water scheduling to minimize the impact and loss of drought.
--editor
On August 21, the Central Meteorological Observatory issued a high temperature red warning for the tenth consecutive day and a high temperature warning for the 32nd consecutive day.
Recently, high-temperature weather above 40°C has continued to occur in many places in the south, and the temperature of many national-level meteorological stations has reached or exceeded the historical extreme value.
Affected by high temperature weather, my country's Sichuan Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have experienced meteorological drought.
How do the relevant departments discuss, study and judge, and make a good response?
The reporter conducted an interview.
There are frequent high temperature weather above 40 ℃ in many places
At 18:00 on August 12, the Central Meteorological Observatory upgraded and issued a high temperature red warning.
At 18:00 on August 21, the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a blue warning for heavy rain, a red warning for high temperature, and an orange warning for meteorological drought.
It is expected that in the next three days, the rainfall in the north and the high temperature in the south will continue, and there will still be persistent high temperature weather in the Sichuan Basin, Jianghan, Jianghuai, Jiangnan and southern Shaanxi.
At present, there are mainly 14 kinds of meteorological disaster warning signals in my country, which are graded from low to high according to the development trend of meteorological disasters, the degree of urgency, and the degree of harm.
It is understood that taking the high temperature warning as an example, the daily maximum temperature will be above 35 ℃ for 3 consecutive days, and a high temperature yellow warning will be issued; within 24 hours, the maximum temperature will rise above 37 ℃, and a high temperature orange warning will be issued; within 24 hours, the maximum temperature will rise To above 40 ℃, a high temperature red warning is issued.
According to Chen Tao, chief forecaster of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the starting standard for the high temperature red warning is that "the highest temperature of 40°C and above has occurred continuously in some areas of 4 or more provinces in the past 48 hours, and the above areas are expected to continue in the future."
On August 12, the Central Meteorological Observatory noticed that parts of Sichuan, Chongqing, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Hubei had sustained high temperature weather above 40°C. At the same time, through the analysis of atmospheric circulation, Sichuan Basin to Yangtze River There will still be large-scale and strong high-temperature weather in the middle and lower reaches, so the upgrade issued a high-temperature red warning.
It is understood that the weather warning has a strict release process, and each warning message must be issued authoritatively through the national emergency warning information release system.
As an important part of the national emergency command platform system, the national emergency early warning information release system relies on the national, provincial, municipal and county-level early warning information release centers, and is connected to more than 30 industries or departments such as water conservancy, safety supervision, and agriculture. .
At present, the time limit of early warning release can reach 3 minutes to 8 minutes, and it can be sent to the disaster prevention responsible person in the affected area within 1 minute, and emergency response can be carried out quickly, so that early warning information can truly become the first line of defense for meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation.
The large range and strong intensity of the subtropical high are the direct reasons for the recent continuous high temperature
Why is the high temperature weather so intense this year?
The characteristics of this round of regional high temperature weather are early start time, long duration, large influence range and strong comprehensive intensity.
Expert analysis, the atmospheric circulation situation, especially the abnormality of the subtropical high in the western Pacific, is the most direct cause of the continuous high temperature weather.
Chen Tao said that from the monitoring point of view, this year's western Pacific subtropical high has a larger scope and stronger intensity.
Under its control, the entire southern part of my country is controlled by downdraft airflow, and the sky is clear and less cloudy.
Under the influence of solar radiation during the day, the heating near the ground is intense, and the hot air stays on the ground, which cannot be blown away or dissipated, so a wide range of persistent high temperature weather occurs.
Not only my country, but also in the northern hemisphere this summer, the western Pacific subtropical high, the Atlantic subtropical high and the Iranian high have strengthened in stages, forming a large-scale overall global warm high pressure belt, and forming high temperature weather in many places throughout the northern hemisphere.
"The high temperature and heat wave events in this summer have a long duration, high intensity and a wide range of influence." Chen Lijuan, chief forecaster of the National Climate Center, analyzed that from the characteristics of atmospheric circulation, this year's western Pacific subtropical high is abnormally strong and extends westward. At the same time, its Both the south and north borders have expanded outward, and the scope is very large.
Another significant feature of this year's high temperature weather is that it appears early, lasts for a long time, and is expected to end later.
These features are closely related to the context of climate change.
The sixth assessment report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) pointed out that in the context of global warming, changes in many extreme weather and climate events have been observed since the middle of the 20th century. very distinctive feature.
Strengthen the linkage of weather warning and emergency response
In the face of drought, the Ministry of Emergency Management, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Water Resources and other relevant departments and the meteorological department strengthened consultations and judgments, and started relevant emergency measures.
It is understood that in June this year, the Ministry of Emergency Management and the China Meteorological Administration jointly issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Linkage of Weather Warning and Emergency Response", which clearly included the meteorological warning as the starting conditions for emergency response, and strengthened the linkage between meteorological warning and emergency response.
On August 11, the National Defense Agency launched a four-level emergency response to drought in 6 provinces including Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, and Sichuan.
On August 19, the General Office of National Defense and the Department of Emergency Management continued to organize a special video conference on flood control and drought relief, requiring the overall implementation of drought relief and disaster reduction. In hot and arid areas, the role of water conservancy projects in comprehensive disaster reduction should be fully utilized, and water resources should be optimized and dispatched. Do everything possible to increase drought-resistant water sources.
The General Office of National Defense also sent a working group to guide local drought relief work.
According to reports, agrometeorological service is the largest, most mature technology and most standardized system in my country's meteorological undertakings.
At present, a five-level service pattern has been basically formed at the national, provincial, municipal, county and township levels. The China Meteorological Administration and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have jointly established 10 characteristic agrometeorological centers.
At the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the China Meteorological Administration jointly issued a notice to further establish a more systematic and standardized risk early warning service system.
Taking this as an opportunity, the two departments further strengthened communication and cooperation, and established mechanisms such as joint business and information sharing.
Now is an important stage for the growth and development of autumn grains and the formation of yield. In response to the current high temperature, fine and hot weather, Zhao Xiulan, a senior engineer at the research level of the Central Meteorological Observatory, suggested that the southern rice producing areas should pay attention to ensuring the water for rice production and rational irrigation. Measures such as spraying foliar fertilizer; all cotton areas should be pruned and forked in time, and the number of irrigation should be increased appropriately.
After comprehensively researching and judging the meteorological drought situation, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued an urgent notice to strengthen the deployment, and dispatched 25 provincial and provincial packaging contact working groups and 12 scientific and technological teams to key autumn grain provinces and key areas affected by high temperature and drought to guide the implementation of key measures.
The Ministry of Water Resources has launched a level IV emergency response to drought prevention in the six provinces of Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing and Sichuan, and dispatched working groups to assist and guide local governments to formulate drought relief plans and implement various measures to combat drought and ensure water supply.
Our reporter Li Hongmei