Recently, a popular video on station B "Contracting a lotus pond!
Drain the lotus root in the lotus root!
Just to make a piece of mud more expensive than gold?
", let everyone know Longquan Yinmu.
"Winter does not solidify, summer does not leave oil; water does not rot, and fire leaves traces" Longquan ink pad, devoted a lifetime of hard work, condensing the national color for thousands of years, people once again appreciate the charm of the top trend of the country.
What is the mystery of a small piece of ink pad, and its value is more expensive than gold?
"Stamping Crazy Demon" Emperor Qianlong fell in love at first sight
Longquan ink pad has been famous all over the world since then
In ancient times, it was also called "Dan Ni", "Yinzhu" and so on.
In the Southern Dynasty Liang Dynasty's "Wen Xin Diao Long", there have been records about the printing pad.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, with the flourishing of calligraphy and painting, the craftsmanship of printing pad continued to improve.
The ink pad is known as the "fifth treasure of the study" besides pen, ink, paper and inkstone, which shows its status in the hearts of scholars and writers.
The ancients were fond of printing, and they also had extremely high requirements for printing pads. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhu Xiangxian's "Yin Dian" quoted Wang Zhaoyun as saying: "The printing must be good, and the printing color must not be bad. For example, Huqiu Chadong Mountain must have the first and second springs to cook it. Another example is that Jing is not good enough to have the name of Miao Mo and inkstone.”
In the history of ancient Chinese ink pads, Hangzhou Qianquan ink pads, Zhangzhou Babao ink pads, and Changzhou Longquan ink pads stand out and come out on top respectively, and are called "China's three major ink pads".
Around the reign of Kangxi, there was a scholar named Liu Wengao in Changzhou Prefecture. He was quite skilled in medicine and had a deep understanding of printing ink. "Jingyutang" exclusively sells Longquan ink pads.
In the 22nd year of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong was going to Changzhou in the south of the Yangtze River. Under the introduction of Liu Lun, a scholar from Changzhou, Liu Renhe, the second-generation descendant of Longquan ink pad, presented Longquan ink pad to Emperor Qianlong.
Emperor Qianlong, who is known as the "seal madman", has many seals, and a good horse with a good saddle. The encounter between Emperor Qianlong and Longquan ink pad is like meeting Xia Yuhe by Daming Lake, and he fell in love at first sight. Since then, Longquan ink pad has been designated as the Tribute, famous all over the world.
Castor oil, one of the raw materials, needs to be exposed to the sun for more than six years
And the best place of origin is Shandong
Today, Longquan ink pad has been inherited for more than 300 years, and its unique production skills have changed during the inheritance, but the pursuit of the quality of the ink pad has remained the same.
In general, there are three main points in the practice of printing clay. In his "Stroy Notes on Painting Things" written by Qing Dynasty, he said: "If you want to match the color of printing, you should first make oil, then make moxa, and then make sand, and the three will be prepared and the color will be finished." Traditional Longquan The practice of printing pad is also in line with these three requirements.
The first is the method of making oil.
In ancient times, there were multiple choices for the printing oil needed for making printing pads. In Qing Shi Lang’s “Suoyan on Paintings”, it was mentioned that rapeseed oil, castor oil, sesame oil, rapeseed oil and pangolin oil could be used to make printing pads. Yang Shen in the Ming Dynasty once said: " Castor oil in ancient recipes or fried bonito oil are not good. Recently, pangolin oil is used, whichever is impermeable. It must be black, but it is not very clear at first. Sesame oil is easy to float, and if it floats, the oil is better than the vermilion, and the color is easy to be thin. Although the tea oil and the vermillion are bright, the white characters have not turned yellow.”
However, the oil used for Longquan ink pad is still castor oil, vegetable oil and tea oil, but must be processed before use.
It is recorded in "Xiefanglu": "Use castor oil every two into peeled ginger for five coins, expose it to the scorching sun for three years, and then put it into Zhu Ai. It is printed on paper without oozing, and the weather is cold and not freezing. It is the most wonderful method." , "Mei Lei Magazine" also said: "There is no good recipe for printing color, and some people use castor oil or tea oil in a glass bottle.
According to Mr. Miao Degen, the sixth-generation descendant of Longquan Ink Pad, the castor oil used to make Longquan Ink Pad needs to be exposed to the sun for more than six years. Creates the effect used by Longquan ink pads.
The method of making AI is more complicated.
Ai does not refer to the leaves, but to the velvet. To extract the wormwood from the leaves, the leaves must be removed from the stems and rotten leaves, and then boiled, filtered, and dried. In the end, only three ounces of wormwood can be obtained. Four money velvet.
The traditional Longquan printing pad also uses moxa velvet to make mud. It is recorded in "Painting Things Suoyan": "If you use poplar flowers, cotton and lamp grass, it is not as good as moxa velvet. For the purpose of stamping color, it is fixed with cinnabar oil, so it is sent. For those with vermilion oil, only the moxa can be divided and combined, and the divided can enter the cinnabar oil without sticking to the seal, only the poplar flowers can be combined but cannot be divided, and the lamp grass can not be divided and cannot be combined. Non-stick paper is a good raw material for mud making.
10,000 catties of lotus root can only be extracted
Two or five lotus root
It is not only the traditional Longquan ink pad that uses moxa velvet to make mud, Qianquan ink pad and Babao ink pad also use moxa velvet to make mud. Longquan ink pad is a unique banner.
The use of lotus root silk instead of moxa velvet was originally created by Xu Hanguang, the master of Bishou Xuan, a famous Shanghai Jinshi calligraphy and painting master who was especially good at making ink pads. The production cost of "Emperor" is as high as 150,000 yuan, which is far higher than the price of gold.
However, the method of using lotus root silk into mud was originally created by Xu Hanguang. He only used it in the study and did not disclose the method to the world. With the death of Xu Hanguang, the method of using lotus root silk to make mud also fell silent.
Mr. Mudgen had seen the method of making mud from lotus root in ancient books, which prompted him to make up his mind to restore it.
Making mud with lotus root silk is far more complicated than making mud with moxa velvet, and the brightening of lotus root silk is enough to be prohibitive.
According to Mr. Mudgen, deep-water lotus roots are usually selected for picking lotus roots after August, so that the lotus roots are long and tough.
When picking lotus root silk, first break the lotus root, and then slowly and steadily pull out the lotus root silk. .
The process of picking lotus root silk can only be done by hand. From a 10,000-pound lotus root stalk, only two or five lotus root silk can be extracted, and about ten boxes of Longquan ink pad can be made.
This seemingly light two or five lotus root silk may take dozens of people three months, and the labor cost is high. Therefore, the folk saying "one tael of gold and one tael of mud" is not an exaggeration.
As for why he chose to use lotus root silk to make mud, Mr. Mudgen once said a rather vivid metaphor. He compared the use of lotus root silk mud to make a house.
Dyeing is not just red
Also add precious Chinese herbs such as musk and saffron
The final step in making Longquan ink pads is dyeing.
In fact, the printing pad is not only the red one, it is recorded in the "History of Ancient and Modern Printing": "The printing color is commonly used in Zhu. I have seen those who have ink in the middle of the Song and Confucian slips, and those in the Yuan Dynasty who used green to test them. They could not bear to use Zhu in their production. Hence the easy ear."
Longquan ink pad does not only use cinnabar as a dye when dyeing. According to the different colors of the ink pad, pearl powder, rhino yellow and other colors extracted from minerals or plants will also be added, and then mixed with musk, Saffron and other precious Chinese herbal medicines, the ink pads produced in this way are fragrant and refreshing.
There is a record in "Gezhijingyuan": "Tang Chenmao was a Shangshulang, and every letter was stamped, pounding Zhulan⒔Being beer⑾Grey Zai?⒀? Brewing Gang Portuguese? ∈ 馇锴Ю锵悴傴図 Bao. ?Radium Qi??∧嘁不劊write new book?Ч?S Ting ⑴ He Jun ⑸ Orange?? Member Steel? 鞅? Hang? It takes two weeks, and after the process is completed, it needs to be sealed for half a year before the ink pad is completed.
One side of the ink pad came to the world through the hustle and bustle of history. Although the halo of tribute has faded, it has also won more honors.
Changzhou Jingyutang, founded by Liu Wengao in the past, was burned in the war during the Anti-Japanese War. Today, the "Jingchang Seal Society" founded by Liu Shunchang, a descendant of Liu's family, continues the Longquan Seal. In 1996, Longquan inkpad participated in the first Beijing International Painting and Calligraphy Exhibition. After being evaluated by famous artists such as Wu Zuoren and Qigong, Longquan inkpad was awarded the Excellent Award. Xu Beihong's wife, Liao Jingwen, even praised it as "the essence of the country".
Today, Mr. Miao Degen, the successor of Longquan Yinmu, was originally a Chinese medicine practitioner. He developed a strong interest in the history and culture of Longquan Yinmu in the process of treating the elderly Liu Shunchang. The honor is spent on Longquan ink pad.
At the G20 summit held in 2016, Longquan ink pad was selected as the national gift, and the portraits of leaders of various countries were printed together with the bloodstone seal carved by the famous carving master Qian Gaocheng.
The so-called top trend of the country depends not only on the sensory impact they bring to us, but also on the wisdom and self-cultivation behind them.
Wen Bingtu / Ye Guoan
(Haoran Literature and History)