In August, the “Dang Painting Youth” practice team from Tianjin University came to Guanting Town, Dangchang County, Gansu Province, to decorate the new countryside with colorful wall paintings; more than a dozen teachers and students from Beijing University of Architecture and Technology, experts and scholars, Research on the intelligent recognition and virtual restoration of stele inscriptions, uncovering the mystery of Zhengyang Bridge Shuqu stele; Central University of Finance and Economics students visited industry authorities and high-tech enterprises to study how the digital economy can better enable high-quality urban development... During this summer vacation, students from various colleges and universities stepped out of the "ivory tower" to start practical topics and explore true knowledge in the "social class".
Social practice plays an irreplaceable role in enhancing students' sense of social responsibility, innovative spirit of exploration, and practical ability to solve problems.
At the same time, how to make good use of the "experimental field" of social practice, avoid "formalization and go through the motions", and truly improve the effectiveness of social practice in educating people, is an important issue worth thinking about.
The content and form of practice are constantly enriched and improved
Research and interviews, professional experience, helping and revitalizing agriculture, and entrepreneurship practice... Students combine what they have learned in their majors, go deep into the grassroots and front-line in different fields, and explore self-worth in practice. The content and form of summer social practice for college students are also constantly enriched and enriched. Complete.
"Let's practice together! In this live broadcast, we will follow the Honghui Zigui Detachment of Tsinghua University on the intangible cultural heritage alley to explore the mystery of the combination of intangible inheritance and rural revitalization. If conditions permit, we can also make it online with us. Oh!" Recently, Tsinghua University released a live preview of "Cloud Practice".
In the context of epidemic prevention and control, in addition to practical forms such as field experience, visits and investigations, and theoretical presentations, "cloud practice" has increasingly become one of the practice forms of college students.
Under the blessing of Internet technology, students "cloud team", "cloud research", "cloud interview", "cloud live broadcast", and colleges and universities use new media platforms to innovatively launch "cloud classroom", "cloud exhibition hall", "cloud exhibition" and so on. It provides a more convenient and diverse way for students to participate in social practice.
The "Several Opinions of the Ministry of Education and Other Departments on Further Strengthening the Work of Practical Education in Colleges and Universities" clarifies that social practice activities such as social surveys, production labor, volunteer services, public welfare activities, scientific and technological inventions, and work-study assistance are effective carriers for practical education. .
It is necessary to advocate and support students to participate in productive labor, volunteer services and public welfare activities, encourage students to participate in work-study assistance while completing their studies, and support students to carry out scientific and technological invention activities.
According to the notice from the Central Propaganda Department and other five departments, the key teams for this year's "Three Going to the Countryside" social practice activities include 5 categories: Theory Popularization and Propaganda Team, Party History Study and Education Team, Rural Revitalization Promotion Team, Development Achievement Observation Team, and Ethnic Unity practice group.
Among them, the theory popularization and publicity group is through face-to-face, small-scale, interactive publicity, to explain the innovative theory, to explain the development achievements, to clarify the situation and tasks, and to clarify the development prospects.
For example, the School of Economics and Management of North China Electric Power University set up a "Century Youth" propaganda group to carry out theoretical propaganda activities in primary school classrooms and community residents, publicize the idea of ecological civilization, and publicize popular science knowledge.
The Party History Learning and Education Group relies on red resources in various places to carry out various forms of activities such as retracing red footprints, tracing red memories, interviewing red characters, digging red stories, and comprehending red culture.
For example, the School of Business Administration of Capital University of Economics and Business carried out the theme practice activity of "Century Tide, Red Rhyme Luliang: Inheritance of Red Gene in the New Era". College students went deep into Luliang City, Shanxi Province, relying on the rich red resources in the region to study party history, red Story telling, dialogue with old party members, etc., inherit the red gene, publicize the red culture, and realize the national conditions and people's conditions in practice.
Planting rice in the fields to experience farm work, get to know crops, use the professional ability of film and television to help the locals shoot tourism promotional videos, build a short video publicity platform, and conduct a small media class for local children... In this summer vacation, 28 students from Communication University of China came to Arrived at Chaersen Gacha, Horqin Right Front Banner, Xing'an League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and started various summer social practice activities.
This practice belongs to the Rural Revitalization Promotion Group, which helps to develop rural industries, improve infrastructure, beautify the rural environment, enhance rural customs and civilization, promote rural public services, and tell the story of rural revitalization.
The Development Achievement Observation Group takes the land of China as a classroom, and organizes young students to understand the national conditions, social conditions and people's conditions through social observation, national conditions inspection, grass-roots governance participation, characteristic industry research, and learning experience, and feel the development and changes of the motherland.
For example, the graduate students of the first phase of the "Governance of the State" program of Renmin University of China "look down and sink down" and experience the ups and downs of grassroots governance first-hand.
The Ethnic Unity Practice Group organizes mainland college students to go to Xinjiang, Tibet and other places to carry out social practice activities such as national conditions inspections and the Earth's Third Pole Protection Action, helping and guiding young students to gain an in-depth understanding of the status quo of ethnic unity through field research and observation, and be a good ethnic group. Advocates, demonstrators and practitioners of solidarity.
This year, the members of Tsinghua University's "Dream Net" public welfare practice project came to Brock Town, Hejing County, Bayingoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, to update the lighting system for the local boarding school, carry out volunteer teaching activities, and unite the local campus and the youth nation. Conducted visits and research on education issues, and contributed to the construction of ethnic unity in Xinjiang.
Beware of "Formalism" and "Place Show"
How to evaluate the social practice of college students?
The "Several Opinions of the Ministry of Education and Other Departments on Further Strengthening the Work of Practical Education in Colleges and Universities" clearly states that each undergraduate student should spend no less than 4 weeks in social practice activities during school, and no less than 4 weeks for graduate students and higher vocational college students. For 2 weeks, each student should participate in at least one social survey during the school period and write a survey report.
In terms of assessment management, the above-mentioned documents mentioned that the education department should take practical education as an important indicator for evaluating the quality and level of colleges and universities, and colleges and universities should formulate evaluation methods for the effectiveness of practical education to effectively enhance the effect of practical education.
The reporter noticed that in many colleges and universities, students can earn credits for participating in social practice activities during winter and summer vacations, but there are differences in the detailed assessment rules of different colleges and universities.
According to the "Implementation Rules for the Recognition of Social Practice Credits and Performance Evaluation in the Undergraduate Training Program" issued by Nanjing University of Technology in November 2014, "Social Practice" is a compulsory course in the undergraduate training program, which counts for 3 credits.
Undergraduates can obtain corresponding practical hours for participating in social practice activities, and obtain 3 credits after accumulatively obtaining 150 practical hours. In 2018, Hubei Second Normal University issued the "Second Class Transcript (Class II Credit Social Practice) Recognition and Evaluation Management According to the Interim Measures, students can obtain 2 social practice credits after accumulating 120 practical credit hours.
Those who fail to complete 2 social practice (compulsory) Class II credits as scheduled will delay graduation.
Students can add 1 social practice credit for each additional 35 practice hours, until they accumulate 5 social practice credits.
While using a variety of incentive measures, we should also beware of the emergence of problems such as superficial taste and mere formality of college students' social practice.
How to let students learn real skills in practice?
Relevant documents require that attention should be paid to transforming the achievements of social observation, knowledge accumulation, and practical thinking into concrete constructive opinions and measures, so as to guide young students to practice their true knowledge and practice to grow their true talents.
Li Xia, deputy secretary of the Youth League Committee of Tianjin University, introduced that the school has created targeted social practice courses to allow students to understand theoretical knowledge and learn to investigate.
■ School experience
Tianjin University
Develop special courses and build a practical brand to make college students practice more "intentional"
In August, in Guanting Town, Dangchang County, Gansu Province, the villagers who had worked for a day did not rush home, but gathered under the high courtyard wall to stop and watch: The original bare walls of the village had undergone a big change, and Tianjin University's wisdom The Danghui Youth Practice Team from the Department of Mathematics came here to carry out summer practice, and "brought" colorful wall paintings into the village to dress up the new countryside.
This is a microcosm of the school's summer practice activities.
From the establishment of the "walking practice course" in 2015 to the current two practice courses entering the elective sequence, Li Xia, deputy secretary of the Youth League Committee of Tianjin University, introduced that the school has always attached great importance to allowing students to practice middle school knowledge and skills. Thousands of teams have also established high-quality practical courses and brand-based practice teams that can be inherited, becoming the most large-scale and influential educational activities on campus.
Writing / Beijing News reporter Liu Yang
Create a practical project "golden signboard"
"Our goal is to encourage everyone to carry out extensive social practice, such as volunteering, visiting and researching, teaching popular science, making up lessons for children in medical care, etc. After the practice, students must submit a practice report, and they will not require special rules and regulations. As long as they go out, they will be It's successful." Li Xia believes that the school's threshold for students' practical content is not very high, as long as they actively participate in social practice, they can get corresponding credits, but if students want to have a better grade on this resume, they hope to add credits , evaluation, and awards, then you must participate in practical projects that have more social influence and can serve more people.
Tianjin University incorporates social practice into the comprehensive evaluation of students, and encourages undergraduates to carry out social practice activities at least once within four years of the university, and they can get credits for the second class.
"The results of the first class reflect the students' professional ability and research results, while the second class reflects the students' comprehensive quality, which is a certification of experience." Li Xia said.
To attract students to participate in social practice, Tianjin University constantly builds brand social practice projects. Among them, the “Road to Learning” practice project is a successful case.
Since 2017, under the background of the national major development strategy of targeted poverty alleviation, the practice project has been officially launched. The goal is to build 100 primary and secondary schools in areas with limited educational resources, including art classrooms, technology classrooms, electronic classrooms, sports classrooms, within five years. Dream classroom including classroom and extracurricular activity room.
"In 2020, our 100th dream classroom in the country will be built in the Dazhai nine-year school in Dangchang County, Gansu Province. From an empty room in a school to the walls painted with a sense of space, the colorful bookshelves in the classroom, multimedia equipment The layout and debugging are all done by our students." Li Xia said that the practical project has also received financial support from the alumni association and has achieved its goal in less than five years.
Students self-recruiting practice team members
Li Xia recalled that the idea of from volunteering to building a dream classroom came from the social practice experience of students. In the practice of education poverty alleviation in Dangchang County, students found that some parents did not pay attention to education, and many children went out to work to make money after finishing junior high school. "Parents Thinking that this is the fastest way to make money, we have done a lot of courses on collective lesson planning, and the core purpose is to tell them that continuing to study and study will make their lives better."
With the continuous advancement of the national policy of targeted poverty alleviation, everyone found that the local hardware facilities are getting better and better, the school buildings have been renovated, and classrooms have been added, but it is still difficult for teachers to effectively follow up. ." So, the practice team decided to build a "dream classroom" to support teaching remotely.
"Now not only students in winter and summer vacations will spontaneously form teams to go to the local teaching support, but also carry out daily practice. For example, a 'cloud classroom' has recently been opened to teach online." Li Xia introduced that this has achieved "non-going support teaching", "It's no longer a busy week, and the kids are lost when they leave."
Li Xia introduced that there are many practice teams like this in the school.
For example, the students of the Nami practice team who went deep into Sichuan built the "highest-altitude basketball court" for the local children and brought sports services to the local area. Now, among the first group of children who benefit from volunteer teaching, some have returned to their alma mater to teach; the School of Architecture Students of 100% use their majors to excavate the construction characteristics of "red buildings" and other materials, and will soon form professional books and publish...
Today, these practice teams have played the role of mentoring. Every year, students will independently select captains, recruit team members, and pass on their practical experience from generation to generation. A long-term mechanism covering the whole process.
Develop a dedicated "Practice Preparation Course"
How to let students learn real skills in practice?
Li Xia introduced that before departure, the practical courses created by the school first let them understand theoretical knowledge and learn to investigate, so as not to fall into the misunderstanding of the formalization of "practice becomes tourism".
"At the beginning of the establishment of the practice class in 2015, the practice team had the same class before the departure. Thousands of students filled a large auditorium, and the practice area was very wide, so it was difficult for the course to cover all aspects, so we explored how to accurately , and finely build practical courses." Li Xia introduced that at present, two targeted practical courses, "Youth Practice in Rural Revitalization" and "Hometown Folklore", have been developed to make students' practice more professional.
Among them, "Practice of Youth in Rural Revitalization" was jointly developed by the Youth League Committee of the school and the School of Marxism, and is mainly aimed at students who go to practice in rural areas.
"Many students grew up in cities, and they don't even know what levels are in the countryside and what village cadres do. This class will carry out multiple modules of training." Li Xia introduced that the practical class will tell about the country's understanding of rural areas. policies, grass-roots governance, the operation of village committees and their mechanisms, and the writing of practice reports, etc., "after explaining it to the students, everyone will go again, and they will have a spectrum in their hearts."
"Hometown Folklore" is taught by the teachers of the "Gongbi Chongcai Research Institute". The teachers will teach the students about folklore and mobilize the students to return to their hometowns to carry out the social practice of "intangible cultural heritage oral history".
Before departure, the teacher will train the students on how to record oral history and how to collect materials. During the winter and summer vacations, the students will look for local non-genetic inheritors, conduct interviews and research to obtain materials, and come back to organize the manuscript materials to form the course results.
Today, these two courses have become electives in the first class of students, and they are filled every time.
"What do these practices bring to students? I think it makes students more confident. Originally, the school's education stays in theory. Through practice, they feel that what you said is right in their hearts, which will help students build their future. Life goals also have a positive impact." Li Xia said that in the future, the school will build more specialized practical courses around practical activities as an elective course in the first classroom.
related policy
August 2004
●The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving the Ideological and Political Education of College Students"
It is necessary to establish a social practice security system for college students, explore a long-term mechanism for practical education, and guide college students to go out of school, to the grassroots, and to the masses of workers and peasants.
February 2005
●The Central Propaganda Department and other four departments jointly issued the "Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving the Social Practice of College Students"
It puts forward clear requirements for the practical activities of college students' social practice teaching, social investigation, production labor, social service, scientific and technological invention, work-study and other types of practical activities.
January 2012
●The Ministry of Education and other seven departments jointly issued the "Several Opinions of the Ministry of Education and Other Departments on Further Strengthening the Work of Practical Education in Colleges and Universities"
The comprehensive deployment of practical education work in colleges and universities in the new era focuses on strengthening the practice teaching link, strengthening the construction of teaching staff, strengthening the construction of practical education bases, and increasing funding.
November 2016
●Notice of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League and the Ministry of Education on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan for the Reform of the Communist Youth League in Colleges and Universities
In response to the needs of learning, employment, entrepreneurship, innovation, creation and practice, learn from the practice of "first classroom", strengthen cooperation with schools, relevant government departments and social institutions, and implement the "second classroom transcript" system of the Communist Youth League in colleges and universities.
June 2022
●The Central Propaganda Department and other 5 departments issued the "Notice on Carrying out the "Three Going to the Countryside" Social Practice Activities of National College and Technical College Student Volunteers in the Summer Vacation of Culture, Science, Technology and Health in 2022"
All colleges and universities in various places should be launched through the Youth League branch to accurately cover, and strive to allow every college and technical secondary school student to participate in at least one social practice activity during school.
July 2022
●The Central Committee of the Communist Youth League issued the "Plan on Carrying out the Special Work of Serving the National Rural Revitalization Key Assistance Counties"
Make key counties as the national key counties and districts for "returning to hometown" social practice activities, and strengthen work coordination and resource support for county-level youth league committees to carry out "returning to hometown" social practice activities.
Written by / Beijing News reporter Feng Qi