China News Service, Shenyang, August 16 (Reporter Han Hong) "Xingjing·Tokyo·Shengjing-Exhibition of the Changes of the Capital City Before Qing Dynasty" was held in the Shenyang Khan Palace Exhibition Hall on the 16th.

The exhibition introduces the characteristics and palace construction regulations of the three capitals before Beijing, the capital of the Qing Dynasty, to help people understand the history and architectural cultural connotations of the capitals before the Qing Dynasty.

　　In 1644, before the Qing capital Beijing was established, capitals were built in three places.

In 1634 (the eighth year after Jin Tiancong), Emperor Taizong Huang Taiji of the Qing Dynasty named the Zhao base Hetuala "Tianjuan Xingjing" and Shenyang named "Tianjuan Shengjing" in accordance with the naming regulations of the capital of the Central Plains.

The two "capitals" after being named, together with the original Liaoyang New City Tokyo City, are collectively referred to as the "Three Capitals before the Qing Dynasty".

　　According to Wang Li, a research librarian at the Art Research Department of the Shenyang Palace Museum, Xingjing City has the characteristics of the early prosperity of the northern minorities. Before Nurhaci moved to Hetuala City, the military castle used was Foala City, commonly known as the Old Old City, also known as the Old City. City of Fayla.

In 1601 (the twenty-ninth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), Nurhaci moved the ruling center from Foala to Hetuala in Yongling Town, Xinbin, Liaoning, which was also the first capital built by Nurhaci.

It was rebuilt on the basis of the ancient old mountain city, focusing on the defensive capabilities of the castle itself.

exhibition site.

Photo by Yu Ruizhai

　　Tokyo City is a leap in the history of the pre-Qing capital city architecture. In April 1621 (the sixth year of the post-Jin Tianming), the post-Jin occupied Liaoyang City and moved the capital here.

In August of the same year, Nurhaci chose the hill on the east bank of the Prince River to build a new city, namely Tokyo City, on the grounds that Liaoyang City was "big and dilapidated".

The construction scale of Tokyo City is relatively small, and it has gotten rid of the original state of Jurchen building a mountain city, and has begun to build a city with bricks and stones, rather than relying on natural dangers for defense.

Tokyo City is the first plain city built by the Jurchens out of the valley and using the technology of the Han people, and still retains the Jurchen life customs of "high palaces and low palaces".

　　Shengjing City is a capital space form with ritual norms.

In 1625 (10 years after the Jin Dynasty), Nurhaci moved the capital to Shenyang, and made use of the original Shenyang Zhongwei City to build an office yamen and a dormitory in two places in the city.

The office yamen was built on the southeast corner of the center of the cross street in the city, which is now the east road part of the Shenyang Forbidden City, including the Dazheng Hall and the Eight Flags Pavilion.

The palace of King Khan was built in the south of the side gate of the north gate of the city, facing the north-south Tongtian Street, which is the site of the Khan Palace.

　　This exhibition displays more than 30 glazed building components unearthed from the Khan Palace site in Shenyang and collected from the Huangwayao site in Haicheng. The glazed components reflect the craftsmanship at that time, including tiledang, slab tile, tube tile, dripping water, etc.

Tubular tiles and shingles are matched for palace roofs.

First place the slab tiles on the roof in turn, then cover the tube tiles on the gap between the two rows of slab tiles, and place the tiles on the head of the tube tile closest to the eaves.

Since Houjin built Tokyo City, Nurhaci ordered Hou Zhenju, a Han Chinese from Haizhou, to be responsible for firing glazed products in the Huangwa kiln, which was specially used for palace and mausoleum buildings.

The glazed components with different decorations not only improved the architectural grade, but their manufacturing level was also a direct reflection of the various craftsmanship at that time.

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