"Food is the priority of the people, and food safety is the priority", and food safety is related to the health and safety of the people.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the food safety situation in my country has been stable and improving. Especially since the establishment of the national food safety sampling inspection system in 2014, the national food safety supervision and sampling inspection pass rate has shown an upward trend. From 2017 to 2021, it has been generally qualified for five consecutive years. The rate is above 97%, of which the qualified rate of infant formula milk powder has exceeded 99% in the past two years.
my country's food safety supervision and sampling inspection shows that the number of samples is increasing year by year, and the supervision and sampling inspection covers different links and different formats.
Supervision and random inspection have become a sharp sword for discovering quality problems and a basic means to improve product quality.
The data shows that the pass rate of sampling inspections related to daily consumption such as meat, eggs, milk, rice, flour and oil have remained above 97% for many consecutive years.
However, my country's food safety still faces multiple challenges. Issues such as microbial contamination, excessive food additives, and excessive pesticide and veterinary drug residues cannot be ignored. There is still a long way to go to improve the long-term mechanism for food safety supervision.
The pass rate of sampling inspection exceeds 97%
Food safety overall is stable and improving
The institutionalization and normalization of food safety information disclosure is the cornerstone of food safety risk communication and mobilization of all sectors of society to participate in food safety social co-governance.
Since the establishment of the national food safety sampling inspection system in 2014, the overall situation of food safety in my country has been stable and improving.
According to data compiled by the Food Safety Risk Management Research Institute of Jiangnan University, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, except for the 94.7% pass rate of national supervision and sampling inspection in 2014, the overall pass rate of national food safety supervision and sampling inspection has remained stable at 95.0% in the rest of the year. above.
Especially since 2017, the overall pass rate of national food safety supervision and sampling inspection has remained at a high level of more than 97%. In 2021, the national food safety supervision and sampling inspection pass rate will reach 97.3%, an increase of 1.9 percentage points over 2012.
The quality and safety of infant formula milk powder is a high concern of the whole society.
The data shows that from 2014 to 2016, the pass rates of infant formula milk powder supervision and sampling were 96.9%, 97.2%, and 98.7%, respectively, and from 2017 to 2021, the pass rates were 99.5%, 99.9%, 99.8%, and 99.89. %, 99.88%.
From the national sampling inspection from 2017 to 2021, the sampling inspection pass rate of daily consumption of bulk food such as meat, eggs, milk, rice, flour and oil has remained above 97%.
Among them, egg products are all above 99%, 99.7% and 99.8% in 2020 and 2021 respectively; dairy products have a pass rate of over 99% for random inspections for five consecutive years, of which 99.9% in 2020 and 2021; The pass rate of sampling inspection of grain products for 5 consecutive years is above 98%, and it will rise to 99.2% in 2021; the pass rate of sampling inspection of edible oil and its products is 97.7% in 2017, and it is above 98% for 4 consecutive years from 2018 to 2021; meat products The pass rate of random inspections is above 97%, and both in 2020 and 2021 are 98.7%, an increase of 1 percentage point compared with 2017.
Other beverages, aquatic products, convenience foods, potatoes, and puffed foods that are related to people's daily life will all have a pass rate of over 98% in 2021, a slight increase from 2020; the pass rates of edible agricultural products and alcohol in 2021 will be respectively 96.9% and 97.6%, a slight decrease from 97.8% and 97.8% in 2020.
The pass rate of condiment sampling inspection was the same as that in 2020, at 99.2%.
In addition, except for 2017, the pass rate of health food sampling has been on the rise since 2014, from 93.6% in 2014 to 99.58% in 2021, an increase of 6 percentage points, and the supervision has achieved remarkable results.
With the improvement of the level of supervision in key regulatory areas, the development of the industry has also tended to be standardized.
At the press conference of the State Council Information Office on September 6, 2021, Zhang Gong, then director of the State Administration for Market Regulation, introduced that my country's food quality, market order and consumption environment continue to improve, and "melamine" in dairy products has been zero detected for 12 consecutive years. , "Sudan Red" in egg products has been zero detected for 7 consecutive years.
68%
Supervision and random inspection become the basic means of finding problems
Behind the series of figures, the continuous improvement of my country's sampling system and standards is inseparable.
At present, my country's food safety supervision and sampling inspection has formed a nationwide network system, covering different links and different formats.
Food safety sampling-related data compiled by the Institute of Food Safety Risk Governance of Jiangnan University shows that in 2014, the former State Food and Drug Administration at its own level supervised and sampled 142,000 batches of food samples nationwide, and in 2017 it reached 233,000 batches. times, with an average annual growth rate of 17.97%.
Since the establishment of the State Administration for Market Regulation in March 2018, the number of samples for food supervision and sampling inspections nationwide has increased year by year, reaching 3.356 million batches, 4.737 million batches, 6.387 million batches, and 6.954 million batches respectively from 2018 to 2021. .
Supervision and random inspection have become the basic means of discovering food safety problems.
The above data shows that in 2015 and 2016, the former State Food and Drug Administration inspected 21.874 million and 10.962 million food business entities in the market segment respectively, sampling 1.163 million batches and 1.444 million batches of samples, and found 747,000 problematic business entities. 541,000 homes.
In 2017, 71,000 violations of laws and regulations were discovered, and 33,000 cases were investigated and dealt with in the production process, of which 68% were discovered by various supervision and inspections.
The announcement of random inspection information has been intensified, which has promoted consumers to "vote with their feet" and forced enterprises to improve product quality.
According to Wu Linhai, chief expert and dean of the Food Safety Risk Governance Research Institute of Jiangnan University, the overall structure of food safety sampling inspection is upward, which is not unrelated to the continuous improvement of my country's sampling inspection system.
He said that in 2014, the former State Food and Drug Administration established a national food safety sampling system, unified sampling standards, sampling items and sampling standards, which effectively eliminated the original multi-link and multi-department food safety sampling inspection. , the lack of effective use of data and other issues, enhance the scientific and standardization of food safety sampling inspection work, and improve the authority and effectiveness of food safety supervision work.
Since August 2015, my country has implemented the “double random, one open” supervision mode, which has initially solved the problems of willful inspection, unfair and lax law enforcement in the field of food safety supervision, and gradually built a transparent and efficient system with clear rights and responsibilities. The interim and ex post supervision mechanism has laid an important foundation for creating a market environment and legal environment for fair competition.
At present, my country has established a relatively complete food production supervision and inspection system. Supervision and sampling inspections have covered different links in the food supply chain. A four-level food safety supervision and sampling inspection network has been formed at the national, provincial, municipal and county levels, and a four-level risk classification management has been established. The system sets the risk level of food enterprises into four grades from low to high, and determines the frequency, content and method of inspections accordingly.
36.48% in 2021
Problems such as pesticide and veterinary drug residues are still prominent
Although the results of food safety sampling have improved year by year, the existing problems cannot be ignored.
A reporter from the Beijing News reviewed the information on food safety sampling since 2015 and learned that microbial contamination, excessive food additives and excessive pesticide and veterinary drug residues are still the main food safety issues.
From 2015 to 2021, the proportion of microbial contamination and food additives exceeding the standard in the total number of unqualified samples showed a downward trend.
Among them, microbial contamination accounted for 27.9%, 30.7%, 32.7%, 29.6%, 28.4%, 23.03%, and 22.40% of the total unqualified samples; food additives exceeding the standard accounted for 24.8%, 33.6%, 23.9%, 25.0%, 22.9%, 16.17%, 12.24%.
The failure rate of food caused by excessive food additives also decreased from 1.8% in 2014 to 0.9% in 2019.
However, during the same period, the proportion of pesticide and veterinary drug residues exceeding the standard in the total number of unqualified samples was 3.8%, 5.5%, 9.6%, 15.4%, 16.7%, 35.31%, and 36.48%, respectively. In the past seven years, the proportion has risen the fastest and has become the largest proportion of unqualified samples. highest category.
In addition, from 2015 to 2021, the proportion of heavy metal pollution in unqualified samples will remain at about 8%; the problem of substandard quality has dropped significantly, and the proportion of unqualified samples has dropped from 17.5% in 2016 to 2021. 8.68%.
It is understood that the reasons for excessive pesticide residues include inadequate application technology, prominent problems of running, dripping, dripping and leaking during application, polluting crops and the environment; in addition, some farmers lack the awareness and basic knowledge of rationally arranging the use of pesticides Increase or reduce the amount of medicine, not harvest crops according to the safety interval, etc.
The main reasons for excessive veterinary drug residues include farmers who do not understand the characteristics of the drug, change the dosage at will, and do not observe the drug withdrawal period, arbitrarily shorten the withdrawal period, and slaughter the drug ahead of schedule.
The problem of excessive pesticide and veterinary drug residues has caused multi-departmental joint governance.
In June 2021, seven departments including the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs jointly deployed and launched the three-year action of “Controlling Prohibited Drugs and Residuals and Promoting Improvement” of edible agricultural products. By strengthening the management of agricultural and veterinary drugs, regulating the use of agricultural and veterinary drugs, promoting the transformation of breeding methods, and severely cracking down on banned drugs and other ways to further maintain the safety of the table.
More than 2 times:
Unqualified continuous sampling inspection increases illegal punishment
"There is no 'zero risk' in food safety, but the regulatory authorities have always adhered to 'zero tolerance'," said the relevant person in charge of the Food Sampling Inspection Department of the State Administration for Market Regulation in response to media questions about the 2019 national food safety supervision and sampling inspection. Increase the punishment of illegal acts in the field of food safety, attack the problems that are exposed, and impose the most severe punishment on the offenders, so as to continuously deter food safety violations.
On February 15 this year, at the regular policy briefing held by the State Council Information Office, Wang Tiehan, director of food safety of the State Administration for Market Regulation, said that the effective connection between food risk classification and credit risk classification will be further promoted, and more complaints and reports will be listed. Enterprises and individuals who have entered the directory of abnormal business operations and have serious violations of laws and regulations, etc., shall be subject to joint credit punishment.
At the same time, he mentioned that for those who deliberately violate food safety laws and regulations and receive administrative penalties, those who fail to pass the supervision and sampling inspection for more than two consecutive times, and those who do not carry out product recalls or stop production and operation in accordance with regulations, the food safety risk level will be raised.
For enterprises listed on the List of Serious Illegal and Untrustworthy, they are directly designated as Category D.
For enterprises with poor credit status, the market supervision department will greatly increase the proportion and frequency of random inspections and inspections. Once problems are found, they will be punished severely and quickly.
A special edition 04-05 / Beijing News reporter Qin Shengnan