The National Cultural Relics Work Conference was held in Beijing on July 22. The responsible comrades of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the four commended advanced representatives made speeches one after another. The excerpts of the speeches are now published.
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Strive to promote the high-quality development of cultural relics
Li Qun, Vice Minister of Culture and Tourism and Director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core has attached great importance to the protection and utilization of cultural relics and the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, strengthened top-level design and planning and deployment, cooperated with relevant departments, actively acted in various places, and actively participated in all sectors of society. Forge ahead, the cultural relics cause has been greatly developed, and the cultural relics work has achieved remarkable results.
1. A new consensus has been formed on the protection and utilization of cultural relics.
General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a series of important instructions and comprehensive arrangements for the work of cultural relics in the new era. The concepts of "adhering to the protection of the first", "protecting cultural relics are also political achievements" and "making cultural relics alive" are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and promote the formation of the whole party and the whole society to protect history. The strong synergy of the cultural context and the inheritance of Chinese civilization.
The Third Plenary of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China will incorporate the reform and development of cultural relics into the strategic layout of comprehensively deepening the reform.
The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 19th Central Committee made overall plans to strengthen the protection and utilization of cultural relics.
The Party Central Committee and the State Council issued 6 special policy documents and 1 special development plan, the National People's Congress strengthened the inspection and supervision of law enforcement, and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference actively organized suggestions and suggestions.
Relevant central departments have strengthened overall coordination, policy supply, and inter-ministerial coordination mechanisms such as the safety of cultural relics and the recovery and return of lost cultural relics have played an important role.
Local party committees and governments have consolidated their main responsibilities. 27 provincial governments have included cultural relic safety in their assessment and evaluation systems. The number of provincial cultural relics protection units and city and county-level cultural relics protection units has increased by 58% and 88% respectively over the past 10 years.
Volunteers for cultural relics protection, social organizations, non-state-owned museums, and folk cultural relics collection teams continue to grow.
2. New achievements have been made in the protection of cultural relics and archaeology.
Two batches of national key cultural relics protection units have been announced, and the first national census of movable cultural relics and special surveys on grotto temples have been completed.
Major cultural relics protection projects such as the Great Wall, the Grand Canal, the Silk Road, and traditional villages have been completed successively, and preventive protection and systematic protection have been actively promoted.
Tens of thousands of precious cultural relics and important unearthed cultural relics in the collection have been rescued and restored, the construction of standardized warehouses in museums has been basically completed, and the preservation of cultural relics has continued to improve.
The Chinese Civilization Origin Project and the "Archaeological China" major project have achieved fruitful results. Deep-sea archaeology has achieved zero breakthroughs, and a large number of precious cultural relics have been rescued and protected in the archaeology of infrastructure construction. Archaeological work has provided strong support for shaping the historical cognition of the whole nation.
The “strict prevention, strict management and strict governance” mechanism for the safety of cultural relics has been continuously improved, and important achievements have been made in cracking down on cultural relic crimes, investigating and punishing legal person violations, and remediating hidden fire hazards. The behavior of destroying cultural relics in urban and rural construction has been resolutely corrected, and the construction of cultural relics disaster prevention and mitigation and emergency management system has been accelerated. , the security situation of cultural relics continues to improve.
3. Cultural relics museums show a new image.
A modern museum system with rich types, diverse subjects, and equal benefits has basically taken shape.
In the past 10 years, the number of museums has increased by 60%, the number of annual exhibitions has increased by 144%, and the number of visitors has increased by 119%.
The free opening of museums continues to expand, and innovation continues to burst forth. Visiting museums has become a part of people's better life.
The revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization project has been deeply implemented.
The old revolutionary sites such as Gannan and Yan'an have been revived with a new style, and the protection projects such as the remains of the revolutionary site of the Xiangjiang Battle in Guangxi and the Qinghai Atomic City have achieved remarkable results, helping to overcome poverty and revitalize old areas.
The History Exhibition Hall of the Communist Party of China and the Memorial Hall of the Early Revolutionary Activities of the Communist Party of China in Beijing were completed and opened, and red resources played an important educational role.
Support and guide the private collection of cultural relics, promote the orderly development of the cultural relics market, and continuously optimize the supervision of the entry and exit of cultural relics and the identification of cultural relics.
Actively participate in the governance of the international cultural heritage field. The total number of World Heritage Sites in China has reached 56. Sino-foreign joint archaeology has gradually become a scale. The cultural relics protection cooperation project has been carried out solidly. A "golden business card" for exchanges and mutual learning.
Fourth, the cultural relic governance capacity and governance level have been newly improved.
The legal system has been improved day by day, the revision of the Cultural Relics Protection Law has been actively promoted, the State Council has promulgated the "Museum Regulations" and newly revised regulations on the protection of underwater cultural relics. Ministry of Local Cultural Relics Protection Regulations.
In the field of cultural relics, the reform of "delegating power, delegating power and improving services" has been advanced in depth.
Financial investment has increased steadily, and the national general public budget expenditure on cultural relics has continued to increase. The central government has invested more than 100 billion yuan in cultural relics protection in 10 years, giving strong support to frontier ethnic areas and old revolutionary base areas.
The "scientific and technological content" of cultural relics work has been significantly improved, a number of common key technologies for cultural relics protection have made important breakthroughs, laboratory archaeological technologies have been widely used, and 113 national and industrial standards for cultural relics protection have been issued and implemented.
The State Administration of Cultural Heritage has expanded its posts, strengthened cultural relics and archaeological institutions in various places, and improved the system for cultivating cultural and museum talents. The vast number of cultural and museum workers practiced and carried forward the "Mogao Spirit", and a group of advanced collectives, advanced workers and model workers have emerged.
Over the past 10 years, we have adhered to the party's overall leadership over cultural relics, adhered to the Chinese cultural standpoint, adhered to the people-centered approach, lived up to our mission, and fulfilled our responsibilities, striving to blaze a trail for the protection and utilization of cultural relics in line with national conditions.
In the next step, we must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions on cultural relics and the central decision-making and deployment, and strive to promote the high-quality development of cultural relics. Make greater contributions to the realization of the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Watch the field
Tian Jianwen, a research librarian at the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology
I am an ordinary archaeologist. I have done a little ordinary archaeology, that is, I spent 38 years watching the fields, because the field archaeological excavation work is the foundation of archaeology.
I am a child of a peasant family. In 1980, when I was 15 years old, I was admitted to Peking University, majoring in archaeology.
After graduating in 1984, he was assigned to a provincial university and could no longer do field archaeology.
How does this work?
I simply went to the field construction site of the Houma Workstation of the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, where I "laid it" and worked as a temporary worker for 10 months.
Perhaps because of my firmness in field archaeology, I was recommended by the archaeologist Mr. Su Bingqi in 1985, and was admitted to the Jilin University postgraduate study under the tutelage of the archaeologist Mr. Zhang Zhongpei.
I clarified the research direction of "Neolithic Archaeology in the Yellow River Basin" and established the academic purpose of "Let the materials 'lead by the nose'".
Mr. Zhang Zhongpei taught me to make archaeological cards, and record all the information of the unearthed cultural relics, such as pictures, photos, texts, etc. on the cards for queuing, inquiry and reference. I have maintained this habit to this day.
If it is a passionate career impulse to choose to do field archaeology at the grassroots level after graduation, then returning to Houma Workstation after graduate school is my solemn choice after careful consideration.
Returning to Houma again, with established academic goals, in addition to daily field archaeological excavations, my colleagues and I often ride a bicycle, take a hand shovel, and take a pottery bag, and we just leave. In archaeological investigations, there is also a small achievement.
Just when I was showing my skills in field archaeology, I was involved in a car accident on April 2, 1997, and had three craniotomy operations, leaving serious sequelae.
Frustrated, I kept asking myself, is this the end of my archaeological career?
I secretly made up my mind that I must stand at the field archaeological site again.
Day after day, although it was very difficult and exhausting, my body was still getting better day by day. In 2003, I finally returned to the front line of archaeology again.
"Get back the lost time" is the goal I set for myself.
Doing my best and working overtime, I have presided over and participated in more than 10 important excavation projects in a row, and have achieved outstanding results, which have greatly promoted the understanding of the archaeological remains of Shanxi in the academic community.
Except for the seven or eight months of each year, I am busy at the archaeological site, the rest of the time I spend day and night in the data pile to check the data and organize the cards.
Sometimes when inspiration comes, I get up in the middle of the night to write an article.
Although I can only tap the keyboard with one finger of my left hand, the hard work is many times more than usual, but the loess has never failed—for so many years, I have published more than 100 archaeological reports and professional papers with more than 500,000 words.
In recent years, the shortage of grassroots archaeological and cultural talents has also attracted my attention.
From 2021 to 2022, Shanxi will hold two provincial field archaeological technical training courses, each for 3 months, each time I take the initiative to ask Ying to serve as an instructor.
I hope that through my own words and deeds, I can set an example for young people and let them provoke field archaeology as soon as possible.
I dedicated all my youth to the archaeological cause I love, and practiced the original archaeological intention of "choose a career and live a lifetime" when I was young.
Although I am in my sixtieth year, my love for archaeology is still like a teenager. It is the field archaeology that gives me the motivation and courage to move forward.
I will continue to dig deep into the field of archaeology, and carry forward the fine traditions of the older generation of archaeologists and contribute own meager strength.
My nickname "Yu stick grinding"
Yu Yong, Director of the Cultural Relics Protection Center of Ningyang County, Shandong Province
I am a grass-roots cultural relic worker in Ningyang County, Shandong Province. People gave me the nickname "Yu Nian Mo".
"stick grinding", in the Shandong dialect, means perseverance and perseverance.
With my love for cultural relics and a tenacity that will never stop until I achieve my goals, I have been working on the cultural relics front for 38 years.
My father has been working on cultural relics all his life, and he often said: "Relics have no size, every piece is a treasure. If the cultural relic is gone, it will be gone forever." If the cultural relics can be collected for protection, my father will try every means to collect the cultural relics into the museum.
In 1980, my father found a stone lion of the Han Dynasty that was cut in two in Liulou Village, the former Chengnan Commune, and paid 60 yuan to have it transported to the museum.
This 60 yuan is equivalent to two months' salary of a person at that time.
In the face of the incomprehension of his family and colleagues, he still responded to the words that he often talked about.
His love and dedication to cultural relics created my "stickiness" in the cultural relics business.
In 1984, following my father's wish, I chose the cultural relics career that he never gave up.
Ningyang Confucian Temple was founded in the Yuan Dynasty. It is the only existing temple in Tai'an that honors and worships Confucius.
In the late autumn of 2003, it rained again and again. One day I was on the night shift when I suddenly heard a loud noise. The roof of the West Tower of the Confucian Temple collapsed, and the beam fell only about half a meter away from me.
I immediately thought that the Confucian Temple must not be destroyed by our generation, and it must be repaired with borrowed money!
Looking at the collapsed ancient building, I couldn't sleep, so I dared to write a 5,000-word letter to the then county party secretary.
After receiving the letter, the county decided to allocate 500,000 yuan of start-up capital.
After the restoration project of the Confucian Temple started, there was a big shortage of funds, so I began to "stick and grind" some companies to get support from all parties.
Sometimes when I was rejected and my heart was shaken, I encouraged myself, "Just stick and grind for a while, and the cultural relics will be saved." Relying on this "stick-grinding" force, I finally raised enough money for the project.
At that time, I lived and ate at the construction site, and I couldn't go home for ten days and a half.
Once, it rained all day, and at night I climbed a ladder and fell down. My body was cold and painful, and I was covered in mud. I thought I should go home to see my wife and children, and change my clothes.
When the 10-year-old opened the door and saw me, he cried with a "wow".
My wife complained to me: "I want cultural relics or a home. Which one is like you, and I don't even want a home. It's so close to my home that I can't go home and live?"
After the main body of the Confucian Temple was repaired, we successively repaired more than 20 immovable cultural relics such as the Yuwang Temple, Yanzi Temple, and the tomb of the Martyrs of Zhu Leijie, and restored more than 300 movable cultural relics such as boneware and ceramics in the museum.
With many years of dedication to the cultural relics cause, I also got the nickname of "sticky grinding".
I gladly accept this.
Preserving cultural relics can be both an achievement and a danger, and I received a threatening call while stopping the illegal construction of a project.
Hearing those words, my whole body was immediately blinded.
When I got home, my wife was in tears after hearing this, but she didn't say a word.
I know that she has been silently supporting my work, but putting children at risk is the last thing she can accept.
I comforted her and said, "What I'm doing is upright and aboveboard. If they dare to do too much, I'll fight to the end!" In this matter, instead of backing down, I insisted on my original correct opinion and stopped the illegal construction.
Another time, during the protection of wild cultural relics, I was besieged and suffered nerve damage in both ears, and was identified as a third-degree hearing disability.
"People are in cultural relics", this is the backbone and character of cultural relic workers.
As long as we keep our original aspirations and move forward firmly, we will surely be able to make the cultural relics cause shine on the road to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and guide people to strengthen their ambition, backbone and confidence to be Chinese.
Be a relayer of cultural heritage
Zhao Chunli, lecturer of Zhou Yiqun Martyrs Exhibition Hall, Tongren City, Guizhou Province
I am a lecturer hired by Zhou Yiqun Martyrs Exhibition Hall in Tongren City, Guizhou Province.
During my work in Shenzhen, I was moved by the deeds of the singer "Good Man Cong Fei" and embarked on the road of volunteering.
In September 2006, I came to a rural primary school called "Upstairs" in Shiqian County, Tongren City, Guizhou Province to teach and manage the school library.
I learned from the book "A Brief History of the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants" that the Red Army's Long March passed through Shiqian County twice.
"The Long March is the eternal red ribbon of the earth", and by chance, I became attached to this "red ribbon".
Curiosity inspired me to learn about this history. Gradually, I switched from learning to sharing, and became a propagandist for the cultural relics of the Shiqian Revolution.
When I explain, I always hope that I can convey more information within a limited time, so that the listeners can fall in love with this red hot land as much as I do, and do something together for the old revolutionary base.
Under my infection, many people lend a helping hand and donate money to help poor students.
Every time I say goodbye to them, I will sincerely say: "I am waiting for you in Guizhou".
no sooner said than done.
After my volunteer teaching period expired, I stayed in Guizhou.
I walked in the alley where the Red Army wrote the slogan, thinking of the scene at that time: the ancestors wore straw sandals, measured the mountains and rivers of the motherland with their feet, and sowed the seeds of revolution along the way.
Today, I walked the road they walked, I climbed the mountains they climbed, and I looked at the scenery they had never seen before: the moat turns into a road, and the high gorge emerges from the Pinghu.
I would like to inject another color of my life into "Earth's Eternal Red Ribbon".
Being a red instructor is not fragile, and those revolutionary histories are the best nourishment.
What I told the most and touched me the most was "the feat of the Red Army in Trapped Niushan".
In October 1934, the Sixth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants' Red Army, which was the advance team of the Red Army's Long March, led by Ren Bishi, Xiao Ke, and Wang Zhen broke through the Shiqian blockade set up by the enemy to find the Red Army led by He Long.
In order to cover the main force of the Red Sixth Army Corps, the 52nd Regiment of the Red 18th Division was responsible for breaking the rear.
The team was blocked by the enemy troops in Hunan and Guizhou and the local militia groups. In order to hold the enemy army back, the Red Army led the enemy to the trapped Niu Mountain. He has been forced to retreat to the edge of the cliff in Hujinggou of the Heitan River.
After several hand-to-hand fights with the enemy, the more than 100 Red Army soldiers who fought to the end chose to jump off the cliff to break through.
"The cliff is inscribed with courage, and the mountains and rivers are engraved with loyalty." I was moved by the great soul supported by firm belief, by the revolutionary spirit of infinite loyalty to the party, and by the revolutionary will to take into account the overall situation and not be afraid of sacrifice.
Over the past ten years, among nearly a thousand commentaries, the most memorable one was in 2016, when Ren Yuanfang, the daughter of Ren Bishi, and other descendants of the Red Army came to Shiqian.
When we parted, she patted me on the shoulder and said, "Xiao Zhao, it may only be this time for us to go back on the long march of our fathers. You should talk more about this history in the local area, and don't let the younger generations forget it! "It is this earnest exhortation that made me more persistent in the propaganda of revolutionary cultural relics.
With the support of their faith, the martyrs turned their young and limited lives into a beam of light, illuminating the way forward for history.
And my life is illuminated in spreading their story.
Now, I am working in the Zhou Yiqun Martyrs Exhibition Hall in Tongren City. I will study hard and tell the story of this "one of the founders of the Red Army and the Soviet Area in Western Hunan and Hubei".
Looking back on my trip to Guizhou, I came in the footsteps of the western development, and became a wave in the tide of the times such as poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.
When I volunteered, some people said that I was a devotee, but in fact I just sowed a seed of "love"; when promoting history and humanities, some people said that I was a "spokesperson", but in fact I was just a guardian of red history and a cultural heritage. 's relay.
The protection of cultural relics depends on technology
Zhao Feng, Technical Department of China National Silk Museum
I come from the China National Silk Museum and have been engaged in the research and protection of silk textile cultural relics for a long time.
China National Silk Museum is located in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. It is a national first-class museum for the protection, research and promotion of silk-based textile cultural heritage.
Since its establishment 30 years ago, it has always adhered to the concept of "research-oriented, full-chain, and internationalized".
As the main force and pioneer in implementing this concept, the Technology Department has injected a strong impetus of cultural relics technology into the China National Silk Museum.
The Technology Department is a multi-disciplinary team composed of scientific researchers, engineering technicians and restorers. It is mainly responsible for emergency protection, scientific research, protection and restoration, and process restoration. Cultural relics technology runs through it as the main line.
In everyone's mind, museums may not be scientific research institutions in the traditional sense. Why does the Technical Department of China National Silk Museum pay so much attention to scientific research?
This is because we have a resounding name - the key scientific research base of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage for the Protection of Textile Cultural Relics.
Therefore, the Ministry of Technology must continuously improve its position, improve the level of cultural relics and technology, give full play to the characteristics of silk, and tell the story of the Silk Road.
The premise of cultural relics "surviving" is to "survive".
We work side by side with archaeologists to carry out emergency protection in the first place and in the first place.
In the tomb and beside the coffin, we were bold and careful, and had "zero distance" contact with the ancients.
In 2016, we successfully extracted nearly 100 pieces of silk costumes with Song rhyme from the tomb of Zhao Boyuan in the Southern Song Dynasty in Huangyan District, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, which can be called "the crown of Song Dynasty clothing".
The cultural relics that have gone through the years are like patients in urgent need of medical treatment. Therefore, we develop "diagnosis", "pathology", "pharmacology" and "health care" technologies in the laboratory that conform to the principles of cultural relics protection.
Now, we can effectively deal with the rotten disease of silk relics.
Using this technique, we have successfully awakened the silk of Famen Temple, which had been sleeping for thousands of years.
Finding the origin of silk has always been a dream in our hearts. We went to Yangshao Village, Sanxingdui and other sites and found the earliest silk in the world.
The surprise of "what you get beyond what you see" comes from our self-developed silk micro-mark detection technology.
We were meticulous and spent 3 years successfully restoring the earliest jacquard loom in the world's history of science and technology unearthed in Laoguanshan, Chengdu. Before 2000, the technical system of "Hanji Weaving Hanbrocade" was leading the world.
Wherever there are textiles, there is our "battlefield".
We have set up 7 workstations in Xinjiang, Tibet, Gansu, Shaanxi and other places along the Silk Road to carry out achievement transformation and personnel training.
Among them, the scientific and technological assistance to Tibet is the most memorable. We have carried equipment weighing hundreds of kilograms to Tibet more than 10 times to overcome altitude sickness and completed the task again and again.
In the eyes of our Tibetan counterparts, we from the West Lake are blooming on the snowy plateau like "Gelsang flowers".
All the time is only for the sake of changing with each passing day.
Our textile cultural relic technology has gradually moved from following and running to the world-class phalanx, and has stepped onto the international academic stage with a high-spirited attitude.
It is the first international cooperation project initiated and led by China and implemented by many countries in the field of cultural heritage in my country to carry out the research on the world silk interactive map from a global perspective. It is also supported by UNESCO.
Achievements belong to the past, struggle to win the future.
We will continue to carry out cutting-edge, original and systematic research with the determination of "being willing to sit on the bench for ten years"; realize the two-way travel from the laboratory to the archaeological site, and write papers on the vast land; continue to strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, to make a strong voice of China in the world.
Layout Design: Wang Zheping