The original home of the Hausa tribe is in Nigeria, West Africa, and its dynasty was distributed in a number of countries, including Sudan, which witnesses a remarkable presence of the tribe in all regions, especially the areas famous for agriculture.
History books talk about the existence of 7 original bellies of the Hausa tribe and 7 other sub-tribes, but the dispute arises when tracing the origin of the tribe, as the writer Mahdi Admo says in his travels about the African tribes, “The Hausa originated from their land in Nigeria, West Africa, meaning they did not migrate from any side, And that they are authentic in their areas, and have nothing to do with any other tribes.” While another narration says that the name Hausa came from the land of Abyssinia, East Africa.
Date
It is difficult to determine definitive dates for the period of settlement of the Hausa people in Sudan, but historians confirm that the pilgrimage route through Sudan - from which the Hausa migrations extended from western to eastern Sudan in Port Sudan - was passable since the beginning of the 18th century, while others entered from Hausa through the Blue Nile to Abyssinia. And they spread in Massawa and Yemen through Bab al-Mandab.
It is likely that the Hausa tribe settled in the archaeological “Kingdom of Meroe” in northern Sudan, because there is no “on the African continent” area in which iron was smelted except for the Kingdom of Meroe and the Kingdom of Hausa in Nigeria, which confirms that the Hawsawi in Meroe is the same from West Africa.
It cannot be certain that the history of Hausa in Sudan is close. The presence of these tribal groups in the Blue Sultanate (the kingdom of Sennar, the nucleus of the first Islamic state) southeast of the Blue Nile was 500 years ago, i.e. around 1505 AD.
The Hausa people are known for their religiosity and inclination mostly to Sufism, following the example of the Tijaniya Order, one of the Sufi orders (French)
The Hausa people have a close relationship with the Blue Sultanate, which is likely due to the orientations of that Islamic Sultanate and its interest in da’wah. The Hausa people established “Khalawi” (Quranic schools) under the Sultanate to memorize the Holy Qur’an.
There were Hausa migrations from the shores of the Mediterranean to Egypt, and it is said that they resided in the Bula Takrur area, which later turned into Boulaq al-Dakrour, one of the popular neighborhoods known as Giza in Egypt, and there are those who settled in Morocco, Algeria and even southern Sudan.
The Hausa had a great deal in the “Mahdist revolution” in 1880 and after, they entered from western Sudan to its center in the Kordofan region, and among them were those who fought with the Mahdi against the British forces in the Battle of Shikan (Battle of Al-Obeid) in 1883, in which the Mahdists won.
Among the Hausa princes in the Mahdist revolution was the leader Mandi Abu Daqan al-Hawsawi, who contributed to the fight against the British, along with the leader Abu al-Tayman, who led the Mesrab alliance in the city of “Abbasid Taqi,” the capital of the Islamic kingdom of Taqli located in the Nuba Mountains, an alliance that formed a strong impetus for the victories of the Mahdi.
Historians who wrote about the Caliph Abdullah Al-Ta’aishi - who ruled after the Mahdi - state that one of his advisors was from the Hausa, and he was the one who referred to him to make “jabkhana” (ammunition) as he learned its manufacture in the Hausa country, and it was made for the first time in Sudan.
The "Hausa" people are a delegation from Nigeria, West Africa, and their lineage is distributed in many parts of Sudan (Reuters)
Where is Hausa in Sudan?
The Hausa tribes are distributed in almost all parts of Sudan. The professionalism of their members in agriculture and hunting made them the spearhead in all vital projects in the Gezira state in central Sudan, where cotton, wheat and other crops are grown.
Thousands of Hausas work in agricultural projects in the state of Gedaref, in the east of the country, where sesame and corn are heavily planted, and large numbers of them work in separate places in Sudan. In the east they live in Kassala states, in the west in Darfur, and in the south in the Blue Nile, in addition to their presence in a project Zidab in the Nile River State in the north.
The late Sudanese journalist Al-Tijani Amer reported in Al-Ayyam newspaper, published on January 2, 1978, that Mumtaz Pasha, the governor of the Taka Governorate (now Kassala and the Red Sea) in the Turkish era, resorted to the Hausa tribes to work in the “Gash” project for cotton cultivation after he failed to attract the people of Beja.
However, there are no official statistics for Hausa in Sudan. All that is being circulated are approximate numbers, and detailed ratios were not published about them until 1956, when the first population census was conducted after Sudan’s independence, when the number was 500,000 people.
According to the traditional means of statistics, experts say that their number may exceed 8 million, while some indicate that the Hausa may constitute 30-40% of the population of Sudan, all of which are numbers that need to be proven according to a well-known scientific census.
their integration into society
Certainly, the Hausa people in Sudan are not isolated from social life in all its fields. Its affiliates participate in politics and sports, and among them are distinguished scientific leaders working in Sudanese universities and abroad. Dozens of Hausa people joined the regular forces and the army, and some of them reached high ranks.
Also, many of the illustrious symbols of art and singing in Sudan are descended from the Hausa tribe, led by the artist Aisha, who emerged as the first singer on the official radio in 1947, and because of the confusion between the Hausa and the Fallata and other tribes of West African origin, she was known as Aisha Al Falata and not her true Hausa tribe. .
In the field of art, the singer Abdel Aziz Muhammad Daoud, who was born in eastern Sudan, moved with his family to the state of the River Nile in the Damer region, and later settled in the capital. The well-known king of jazz, Sharhabeel Ahmed, who formed a remarkable duet with his wife, who appeared with him repeatedly as a player in the orchestra.
habits
The Hausa are known to be very peaceful tribes, whose members sanctify working life. All family members work, including children. They are also known for a high degree of religiosity and are mostly inclined to Sufism, following the example of the Tijaniyyah.
As for the Hausa language, which is spread in large areas in West Africa, it is considered one of the easy languages, but it is circulated in Sudan mixed with many Arabic words to add privacy to the Hausa of Sudan.
In the customs of marriage, the Hausa follow the same Sudanese rituals, with the exception of some difference regarding the preparations of the bride, as her family is obligated to prepare the house from the bedroom to the kitchen utensils, while in the Sudanese customs these preparations are among the tasks of the husband.
Akashi is one of the Sudanese popular dishes that dates back to the Hausa people (social networking sites)
famous food
One of the popular dishes of Hausa is "Akashi", a word that means in their language grilled meat in a special way, as it promises to leave slices of red lamb meat for several hours in the sun to become dry, and it is marinated for about two hours in a mixture of spices that come from certain trees that grow in the regions The slices and spices are placed in lemon and pepper, then stirred into peanut powder and placed on skewers on charcoal for a few minutes, then eaten directly with bread.
However, in recent years, the food has spread in all Sudanese regions, which explains the wide expansion of the tribe, as “Akashi” has become a local Sudanese meal, with shops selling it in the middle of popular and upscale neighborhoods alike.
Another popular meal of the Hausa tribes is "Qaddo Qado", which is cooked after breakfast and before lunch, and is very popular.