[Explanation] Since the start of a new round of archaeological excavations in Sanxingdui, Guanghan, Sichuan, a large number of exquisite cultural relics have been unearthed in 6 "sacrificial pits", which have attracted widespread attention at home and abroad. Clean up, protect and restore.
Recently, the reporter walked into the Sanxingdui Museum Cultural Relics Protection and Restoration Center to learn how the cultural relics have regained their brilliance here.
Sanxingdui Museum Cultural Relics Protection and Restoration Center adopts an open working method, including two areas: work area and exhibition area.
In the Sanxingdui Cultural Relics Protection and Restoration Hall with an area of about 1,000 square meters, transparent glass separates the work area from the display area.
While enjoying the exquisite cultural relics in the exhibition hall, tourists can also directly observe the working process of the cultural relic restorers.
In the working area, there are cultural relics storage area, pottery restoration room, jade restoration room, metal cultural relic restoration room, ivory restoration room, etc. All kinds of high-tech instruments are readily available to provide the best hardware facilities for the restoration of cultural relics.
Guo Hanzhong, deputy director of the Sanxingdui Museum Cultural Preservation Center, told reporters that after an artifact is excavated and extracted, it still needs a lot of work before it can be seen by the public.
[Concurrent] Guo Hanzhong, Deputy Director of Sanxingdui Museum Cultural Protection Center
(Relics restoration) There are many processes. For example, the whole artifact is from excavation, extraction and complete cleaning, and all information collection, and then its classification, and the next step is the entire restoration plan. Then there is the correction of the shape and the complement of the missing pieces. Only after all of them are completed can they be presented to the museum.
[Explanation] In the sorting and cleaning stage, the biggest difficulty is information collection.
In addition to observing and taking pictures of each cultural relic from multiple angles, and recording relevant data information, the restorer of cultural relics should also carefully observe whether there are attachments on the surface of the cultural relics, and carry out instrument testing according to the situation.
With the development of the times, the restoration of cultural relics has also been equipped with the wings of "technology". In order to better protect the cultural relics, the restoration museum is also equipped with more scientific and accurate detection instruments to detect and analyze the unearthed cultural relics, so that the Relic restorers can better carry out related work.
[Concurrent] Cai Qiutong, a cultural relics protection worker at the Sanxingdui Museum Cultural Protection Center
Our cultural preservation center is equipped with microscopic light focusing, Raman analyzer, and X-ray diffractometer, which can perform a timely detection and analysis of our unearthed cultural relics, so that we can have a deeper understanding of it (cultural relics) Some components, such as unearthed bronze ware, after it comes out, it is not common to find rust stones with special colors during the cleaning process, so we will first take it to the instrument room for a Raman analysis, because the Man (analysis) belongs to a slight loss, which can be said to be a nearly non-destructive analysis method. It does no harm to our cultural relics. It can judge the composition of this thing very quickly and quickly, which is to be repaired for subsequent protection. Provide a good scientific basis.
[Explanation] Talking about the secret of the restoration of cultural relics, Guo Hanzhong, who has brought many apprentices, said that at present, the restoration plan for the cultural relics unearthed in Sanxingdui is simple and clear. Deformation correction.
In Guo Hanzhong's view, every cultural relic restorer should be a "miscellaneous scientist" and should focus on the accumulation of daily experience and knowledge.
[Concurrent] Guo Hanzhong, Deputy Director of Sanxingdui Museum Cultural Protection Center
From the perspective of our restoration, the restoration of cultural relics seems to be simple, in fact, it includes all your knowledge and information, and the understanding of the entire artifact involves a wide range. For example, if you really need to The understanding of utensils, first of all, the replacement of the missing, then the change of the shape, and then the combination of the restoration, which involves a large span, such as sculpture, smelting, sheet metal, carving, art, and the change of stress. (Need) one's own gradual contact, experience, and then can be competent for a whole detail.
[Explanation] At present, the restoration of the cultural relics unearthed from the sacrificial pits at the Sanxingdui site is still in the stage of sorting and cleaning. Guo Hanzhong said that next, they have to classify the cultural relics and try to match them, and finally enter the cultural relic restoration stage.
[Concurrent] Guo Hanzhong, Deputy Director of Sanxingdui Museum Cultural Protection Center
(Sanxingdui) This kind of restoration or development of its entire cultural relics is orderly, planned, approved by experts, and implemented step by step step by step. These things cannot be rushed, because the workload should be several Something that can't be done in ten years.
It is not a single person to do this, it is an overall team to cooperate, each do their best.
He Meikun, Yang Yudi, Chen Xuanbin, He Xi, reporting from Guanghan, Sichuan
Responsible editor: [Fang Jialiang]