When the earth reaches aphelion, the weather will become cold, and long-term wearing of masks can cause lung nodules to increase...
Under the sweltering heat, don't let these rumors become more "hot"
【Dispel rumors】
After the summer solstice, the high temperature mode was turned on in many parts of the country, and the temperature in some areas even reached 40 degrees Celsius.
Along with the heat wave, there are also rumors, including "the bigger the mosquito pack, the stronger the mosquito's toxicity", "dishes made with air fryer cause cancer", "wearing a mask for a long time can cause the growth of lung nodules", "the earth reaches far away" It's going to be cold at the end of the day"...
Today, a reporter from Science and Technology Daily will take stock of the new rumors that appear this month one by one to help you clear the fog and find the truth.
The bigger the mosquito pack, the stronger the mosquito poison?
Truth: Mainly related to mosquito species and individual sensitivities
In addition to the high temperature in summer, mosquitoes are also annoying.
After some people are bitten by mosquitoes, they may get a small red envelope, while others will become horrific after being bitten by mosquitoes-because of being bitten by mosquitoes, they become "sweet ears", "sausage mouth" and "pig's trotters". news is frequently reported.
It is also bitten by mosquitoes, why are the "models" of the bags so different?
It is said on the Internet that "the bigger the mosquito bag, the stronger the mosquito's toxicity". Many people believe this statement, so what is the truth?
"After being bitten by mosquitoes, the skin will appear wheals, pimples, itching and other symptoms. We often say that mosquito bites are local allergic reactions on the skin." Liu Ruiling, deputy chief physician of the Allergy Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, was interviewed by a reporter from Science and Technology Daily time indicated.
When a mosquito bites a person, it will pierce the piercing mouthparts into the human skin and cause damage. It will "poison" the human body while sucking blood, that is, secrete saliva to prevent blood from coagulating and blocking its mouthparts. Can play a paralyzing role, making it difficult to detect.
After sensing the invasion of mosquito "saliva", the body's immune system will be activated, and the secreted histamine and cytokines will dilate blood vessels, increase vascular permeability, and cause local tissue edema, which in turn causes skin itching and local inflammation.
"The degree of inflammatory reaction of each person after being bitten by mosquitoes is mainly related to the species of mosquitoes and personal sensitivity." Liu Ruiling explained that when people with allergic constitution are bitten by mosquitoes, their body will secrete a large amount of histamine and cytokines, which in turn triggers Allergic reaction.
In mild cases, wheals, papules, and angioedema may occur, and in severe cases, systemic reactions may occur.
In addition, the size of the mosquito pack is also related to the site of the bite.
Loose connective tissue parts such as eyelids, lips, backs of hands, and children's foreskin are prone to edema after being bitten, and the mosquito bag will also appear larger.
After being bitten by a mosquito, do not scratch hard. Scratching will exert mechanical pressure on the local skin, and it will also increase the blood flow rate, which will aggravate the inflammatory response and cause the mosquito bag to become larger.
Are air fryer dishes causing cancer?
Fact: There is no clear experimental evidence of cancer
Some time ago, many people were brainwashed by the catchphrase "If I had an air fryer" on a short video platform.
The multi-course meals cooked in the air fryer appearing in the short video are not only easy to make but also use less oil.
Therefore, some people "plant grass" air fryers and regard it as a "artifact" for fat-reducing cooking.
However, it has recently been reported on the Internet that food made with air fryers can cause cancer because of the production of acrylamide, which is a carcinogen.
"Whether carcinogens will be produced during the cooking process is mainly related to the ingredients, cooking temperature and cooking time." Wang Hao, a professor at the School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, said in an interview with a reporter from Science and Technology Daily that no matter what pot is used for cooking , as long as the food is overheated, there is the possibility of producing carcinogens.
"The air fryer is like a simple oven with a fan." Wang Hao introduced that it generates hot air through a built-in heat pipe, and then uses a fan to blow the high-temperature air around, so that the hot air circulates in the enclosed space, so that the Food is dehydrated by heat.
Acrylamide is produced from starch under high temperature and low water content conditions. Generally speaking, when the temperature exceeds 120 degrees Celsius, a small amount of acrylamide will be produced, and when the temperature is between 160 and 180 degrees Celsius, its output will reach its peak.
And this temperature is the right temperature for grilling and frying food.
In addition, the more starchy the food, the more acrylamide is produced at high temperatures.
"However, you don't have to worry too much." Wang Hao said, first of all, acrylamide is a class 2A carcinogen, and there is sufficient evidence for its carcinogenicity in animals. Whether it can cause cancer in humans, there is still a lack of sufficient experimental evidence.
Secondly, when cooking carbohydrate-rich ingredients by frying and grilling, if the temperature exceeds 120 degrees Celsius, acrylamide may be produced, and the longer the cooking time and the less water content of the ingredients, the more acrylamide is produced.
And quantitatively, air fryers heat more efficiently, keep food at high temperatures for less time, and may even produce less acrylamide than other high-temperature cooking methods.
"We can't talk about toxicity without dose." Wang Hao said that for ordinary people, acrylamide will not be ingested in large amounts in a short period of time in their daily diet.
As long as it is eaten normally, dangerous intake levels are simply not reached.
However, he recommends that when using the air fryer to cook starchy ingredients, it is best to do a pre-treatment in advance, such as rinsing off the starch on the surface of the potatoes before frying the french fries.
At the same time, manage the cooking time reasonably and do not cook at high temperature for too long.
Can long-term wearing of masks cause pulmonary nodules to increase?
Truth: No harm to the lungs with normal use
At present, with the normalization of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, masks are still a "must wear" for everyone every day.
Not long ago, there was a saying on the Internet that "wearing a mask for a long time can cause pulmonary nodules to increase", saying that the meltblown cloth in the middle layer of the mask is a petroleum product, and the fine particles in it will enter the human lungs through the respiratory tract. Nodules enlarge.
In this regard, Qian Xiaoming, a professor at the School of Textile Science and Engineering of Tianjin University of Technology, said in an interview with a reporter from Science and Technology Daily that wearing a mask within the normal range of use will not produce fine particles, let alone enter the lungs.
"In addition to cotton, wool, hemp, silk, regenerated cellulose fibers and other textile materials, many synthetic fibers, including meltblown cloth, are made of petroleum-based materials." Qian Xiaoming introduced that polypropylene is the main Petroleum-based materials with a very wide range of applications.
The meltblown cloth used for making masks is a microfiber non-woven material processed from polypropylene polymer materials.
"This polymer material has a certain strength and very good filtration performance after being processed into a meltblown cloth, and it is impossible to produce small molecular substances within the normal use time limit." Qian Xiaoming said, however, polypropylene materials do not It is resistant to ultraviolet rays. After long-term sunlight exposure, it will become brittle and weak in strength; it may also become powder particles under the action of external forces, such as hand twisting and rubbing.
However, Qian Xiaoming emphasized that such powder particles exist in the form of large particles, which are difficult to be inhaled into the lungs.
"As long as the melt-blown cloth mask is not exposed to the sun and does not exceed the expiration date, it will not produce fine particles. Generally, there is no problem in storing it in a backlit place for two years." Qian Xiaoming added.
Will the weather get colder when the earth reaches aphelion?
Fact: The hot and cold weather is related to the angle of the sun
Recently, there is such news on the Internet: From May 22 this year, the sun will move away from the earth and gradually reach the aphelion. At this time, the weather will become colder, and this phenomenon will continue until August this year.
At present, the high temperature in many parts of the country has dispelled the rumors, but some people are still worried that the current high temperature is only a "flash in the pan" this summer, and the temperature will continue to drop in the future. Will it really be the case?
"The orbit of the earth around the sun is roughly elliptical, but its long axis and short axis are not much different, so it can basically be regarded as a circle." Yan Weiguo, executive vice chairman of the Tianjin Astronomical Society, introduced in an interview with a reporter from Science and Technology Daily , When the earth moves in orbit, the distance from the sun is sometimes close and sometimes far. The position closest to the sun is the perihelion, and the position farthest from the sun is the aphelion.
"Whether it is at perihelion or aphelion, the distance between the earth and the sun is similar." Yan Weiguo said that when the earth is at perihelion, it is 147.1 million kilometers away from the sun; when the earth is at aphelion, its distance The sun is about 152.1 million kilometers away.
The difference between the two is 0.5 billion kilometers, accounting for only 3.3% of the average distance from the earth to the sun, which is almost negligible.
Therefore, the difference in the amount of heat the Earth gains at perihelion and aphelion is very small.
The temperature changes that people feel on the earth are mainly related to the angle of the sun's irradiation.
"The earth's orbital plane and the equatorial plane have an included angle. Every year around June 22, that is, the summer solstice in the northern hemisphere, the sun directly hits the Tropic of Cancer. At this time, the northern hemisphere (most areas) is the closest to the direct point, and the heat obtained On the contrary, around December 22, that is, the winter solstice in the northern hemisphere, the sun directly hits the Tropic of Cancer, the northern hemisphere gets less heat, and the weather is colder.” Yan Weiguo explained.
"Actually, at the beginning of January every year, the earth is at perihelion, which happens to be winter in the northern hemisphere, and the weather is relatively cold. But in early July, when the earth turns to aphelion, it is summer in the northern hemisphere, and the weather is relatively hot. "Yan Weiguo said that it can be said that the temperature of the weather has little to do with the perihelion and aphelion.