Cultural revitalization
has "inside" and "face", and the village style and civilization casts the soul of the village
Since 2020, when the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs publicly introduced the typical cases of "civilized township construction" at the village level to the public, villages from Beijing have never been absent from the list.
Rural development not only needs to be shaped, but also needs to be formed.
Over the years, the construction of rural areas is not only about "face" that can be seen at a glance such as economy and industry, but also pays great attention to "lizi", and rural culture, as the soul of rural development, is "lizi".
Rural culture is the first step and the starting point for many rural governance in Beijing. The rural culture has also provided surging power for the development of villages for many years.
If you do not occupy the ideological and cultural positions, others will occupy them
When the day comes to midsummer, everything is in full bloom.
At four or five o'clock in the afternoon, the sun is not so scorching. In Qiuzhuang Village, Yujiawu Township, Tongzhou, villagers Li Jinglan and Yang Wanxiang always like to sit and chat in the shade of the gate of the house.
Li Jinglan got a new haircut, which is a free monthly benefit for the elderly over 60 years old in Qiuzhuang Village. The two talked about the variety of meals prepared for the elderly in the village in recent days, and the elderly people only spend one yuan per meal.
Li Jinglan and Yang Wanxiang are both "daughter-in-laws of Qiu Zhuang". They have been married to the village for most of their lives, and they have not become marginalized people in the village because they are getting older.
Qiuzhuang Village emphasizes filial piety and has set up a special "Elderly Day" - Yang Wanxiang said that every year on the 20th of the twelfth lunar month, village cadres and secretaries always bring condolences to every household to give New Year's greetings to the elderly, "This year is the twenty-fourth year. , the village has already changed a lot."
In 1998, Wang Shuxin remembered that it was the spring equinox, just in time for the second round of land contracting in the countryside. The villagers divided the fields, and no one could take charge of the overall situation.
He felt that the trust of the villagers came from his experience in managing enterprises in his early years, and at the same time, he also took a fancy to his family relationship, and several brothers and sisters in the family were harmonious and filial.
Wang Shuxin said, "Chong this, I have a lot of expectations for me, and it also gives me a lot of face."
Wang Shuxin, who just took office, has no idea on how to be a good village party secretary.
At that time, Qiu Zhuang was in ruins and waiting to be rebuilt. If there is any reputation, Qiu Zhuang was once famous for being poor and disorderly.
In the late 1990s, some rural areas in Beijing were invaded by cults, and the situation in Qiuzhuang was a little more serious at that time.
The villagers chose a new secretary from a happy family, which also meant that this village, which was relatively backward in spirit and material at that time, only longed for stability and harmony at first.
Before Wang Shuxin served as secretary, falsely claiming "virtue" and "goodness" was also a "stepping stone" for the cult to approach and win over the villagers of Qiuzhuang.
"Ideology is a position. If you don't occupy it, he will occupy it. If you don't plant 'crops', 'weeds' will grow." Wang Shuxin believes that only when culture and beliefs stand up can negative energy and cults be expelled.
In the years since then, the real "filial piety and virtue" has become the core culture of Qiuzhuang, and it has also become the main starting point and entry point for Wang Shuxin to develop the village.
He hopes to use traditional culture to call the villagers to form a good atmosphere, and also hopes to occupy the "highland" in the hearts of the villagers, and lead the villagers to continuously invigorate their spirits and gather positive energy.
In the first year of Wang Shuxin's tenure in office, Qiuzhuang Village set up the "Elderly Person's Day" to provide condolences to the elderly over the age of 60 in the village every year.
In 2014, Qiu Zhuang made the core socialist values specific and family-oriented, and refined and produced family traditions, family motto, and family rules for 193 families, so that every family had rules to follow and rules to abide by.
Cultural construction, what we do is a spirit of spirit, for the sake of the positive vitality of the village.
The reiteration of family teaching and family style seems a bit old-fashioned, but as the old saying goes, "Teaching with words is called teaching, and teaching without words is called style." In Wang Shuxin's eyes, these are the foundation of social civilization, and also the village The foundation of wind civilization.
When the "atmosphere" is sufficient, it becomes a "custom", which can be inherited and influenced from generation to generation.
Family harmony is the fulcrum of rural civilization
Shijiaying Village, Mapo Town, Shunyi District is less than 80 kilometers away from Qiuzhuang Village. The current secretary of Shijiaying Village, Hu Guoqing, is almost the same age as Wang Shuxin.
More than 20 years ago, their life trajectories were similar. From the enterprise to the grassroots level, for village governance, the culture was the starting point. It was the same choice made by two people who never knew each other.
Hu Guoqing remembered that in the first few years when he became the secretary, the annual income of the village collective was only 30,000 yuan, but the first thing he did after taking office was not to focus on the economy, but on the environment.
"The first thing I thought about was 'building a village based on the environment'. At that time, the village was really dirty and messy. What I thought in my heart was that if a family or a village can't even do a good job in hygiene, don't do anything else."
Shijiaying Village is not big, with less than 200 households and less than 600 people in total.
Along a Guangming Street that runs through the east and west, it takes only 20 minutes to walk back and forth.
Nowadays, whether it is the main street of the village's facade or the alleys and alleys, it is spacious and tidy. This is the result of the village's five years of governance.
Hu Guoqing understood the importance of gradual progress. After taking office in 1996, he asked bricks, tiles, sand, gravel and wood to withdraw from village roads year by year. Five years later, it was 2001. The cleanliness and greenery of Shijiaying had gradually extended from the main road to the surrounding area. Roads and alleys.
Governing the environment is only the first step taken by Hu Guoqing, and it is the foundation for the construction of rural style.
In the following years, the villages replaced punishment with rewards, issued spiritual civilization rewards to the elderly who prevented uncivilized behaviors, and also issued "worry fees" to the elderly who could restrain their children and younger generations from uncivilized behaviors.
"At the same time, there are rewards for garbage classification, water saving and energy saving, standardized parking, and healthy smoking cessation." Hu Guoqing said that to be able to do these well, it is necessary for each family to complete it on the basis of harmonious family relations, and harmonious family relations, It is the fulcrum of rural civilization and social harmony.
Today, even though most farmers in Shijiaying Village have lived in two-story buildings with more than 200 square meters, before the epidemic, the "mother-in-law and daughter-in-law's bathhouse" opened sixteen years ago in the village was still a must for many villagers every week. Places to go.
This "Sunshine Bathroom", which was established in 2006, the first year of the construction of the new socialist countryside, has been open for free for young people who come to accompany the elderly and the elderly who are accompanied by them.
"Daughter-in-law accompanies mother-in-law, son accompanies father, grandson accompanies grandfather. Our original intention is to hope that family members in the village can wash away their feelings through bathing." Hu Guoqing felt that this was actually to make the human feelings and family feelings in the countryside into A mirror, "Whether you can bring your family, whether you go with the elderly or not, will be seen by the neighbors." This is something that needs to be "worked behind the scenes", which means that the villagers should go consciously. Solve the conflicts of each family, keep the problem out of the house, and let the harmony of the family be seen by others.
Beautiful countryside should also have "green water and green mountains" in spirit
In recent years, when referring to the improvement of the rural governance system, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that it is necessary to effectively play the role of village rules and regulations, family education and family style, and cultivate a civilized rural style, a good family style, and a simple folk style.
Why worry about the villagers' family affairs? For those who work at the grassroots level, Wang Shuxin and Hu Guoqing have the same answer.
Because the family is the smallest social unit, the harmony and stability of the small family can not only effectively reduce the cost of rural governance, but the village will also gather strength because of the harmony of the villagers’ families. A good family style will become a rural style, affecting generations of people. .
The two village party secretaries have mentioned that rural revitalization is not only about the "face" that can be seen at a glance, such as the economy and industry, but also pays attention to "the inside".
What is "Riko"?
For Hu Guoqing, the cultural life of the villagers and the sense of belonging to their hometown are the "lizi".
There was a time when Hu Guoqing was very worried that because of the improvement of living conditions and the richness of material life, more villagers would stay at home, such as those living in high-rise buildings. In the long run, this would dilute the difference between rural areas and urban areas. Unique human bond.
"So over the years, we have also created village songs and established a senior choir, model team, and dance team." Shijiaying's village song has twice been sung in the Great Hall of the People, and the village's senior model team has also appeared on On the stage of the National Village Spring Festival Gala.
In addition to these achievements, Hu Guoqing is more concerned about the changes of these cultural lives to the villagers. "Rural culture can closely link the villagers together."
Wang Shuxin more directly mentioned the inner happiness of the villagers, "For rural areas, happiness is not necessarily the realization of the same living conditions and living environment as those in the city." In Wang Shuxin's eyes, the new countryside, once you enter the village, is "The main street is green, the side streets are flowers, and the villagers have to grow melons and beans in front of and behind their houses." Kindness, filial piety, respect for brothers and sisters, inheritance of farming and reading, diligence and thrift in family management, knowledge of books and courtesy, law-abiding, family and prosperity, and other traditional Chinese family virtues, this is the yearning for a better life that is integrated into Chinese blood source of inner happiness.
Qiuzhuang Village in Tongzhou District and Shijiaying Village in Shunyi District were selected as typical village-level “civilized township construction” cases in 2020 and 2021. Among the 46 typical cases in the country, two villages represent Beijing, accounting for two seats.
Different from too many beautiful villages backed by green water and green mountains, whether it is Qiuzhuang Village or Shijiaying Village, there are neither green mountains to rely on nor green water to welcome.
"But if we can put the ideology of the common people in a clean place and protect it well, then everyone can also reap a piece of green water and green mountains in their hearts, which are also invaluable assets." Wang Shuxin said .
The original heart remains unchanged, the red culture is inherited here
The culture of rural Beijing is not only profound in connotation, rich in content and diverse in form, but also widely distributed, with its own characteristics and tastes.
The Yongding River Cultural Belt in Xishan is unique among the three cultural belts in Beijing. She has accumulated Beijing's history, culture and red blood, and has been practicing the original mission of "listening to the party's words, feeling the party's gratitude, and following the party".
Before 1924, in the alluvial plain of the Yongding River in the west of Beijing, the fate of Dwayao Village in Lugouqiao Township, Fengtai District was only connected with the capital city.
After 1924, Beijing's first rural Party branch was established in this village, and the fate of the village has since fluctuated with the pulse of the times.
Nearly 100 years later, with the development of urbanization, Dwayao Village can hardly see the rural style in the traditional sense, but the red history still brings heavy honor and responsibility to the village.
In October 1943, the 19-year-old Cao Mars was in Tangshang Village, Xiayunling Township, Fangshan, and left behind a song "Without the Communist Party, There Would Be No New China", this song was sung in Tangshang Village and spread all over the mountains and rivers.
The song has made a great contribution to the Chinese revolutionary music cause with a passionate melody. Tangshang Village also shoulders the mission of a patriotic education base because of its red culture and resource endowment.
In the 1960s, the blockbuster movie "Red Basket" was based on Wang Yanxiang, a party member of Huangshandian Village, Zhoukoudian Town, Fangshan District. The story of delivering supplies.
After entering the 21st century, Huangshandian Village used to rely on the mountains to eat the mountains, built a cement production line, and established a mining company.
In the past 10 years, Huangshandian Village has also "relyed on the mountain to eat the mountain", but has changed its "eating method".
The village invested 20 million yuan to implement the construction project of Pofengling Scenic Spot. With the "spirit of carrying a basket" as the driving force, it organized villagers to build roads and slopes, build 6,000-meter-long hiking trails, and at the same time seized policy opportunities to return farmland to forests and afforestation on limestone hills With an area of 800 acres, the red leaves of Pofengling in the southwest of Beijing have become a stunning autumn color in the eyes of Beijingers.
In March 2022, in the "Implementation Plan of Beijing Municipality on Doing a Good Job in Comprehensively Promoting the Key Work of Rural Revitalization in 2022", the mining of rural red cultural resources is still one of the current key tasks, and will continue to promote rural cultural revitalization. , Provide strong support for cultivating and improving rural civilization.
The taste does not change, the farming civilization continues here
Agricultural cultural heritage is also an indispensable part of rural culture and a valuable asset in the history of human civilization. Up to now, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has identified six batches of 138 important agricultural cultural heritages in China. In this list, since 2015 Since the beginning of the year, there is no shortage of pearls from Beijing.
Jingxi Rice was once only used by the royal family, and it is still famous after hundreds of years. The name comes from the name of "Gongmi" in the past, and also comes from the sweet and tender taste of Jingxi Rice.
In the 1980s, the planting area of Jingxi rice reached its peak, with more than 100,000 mu of paddy fields covered with water networks.
In the later period, with the adjustment of the crop planting structure in Haidian District, the planting area of Jingxi rice dropped sharply.
It was not until 2012 that the land was transferred from Ximafang Village, Shangzhuang Town, Haidian District. Through centralized planting and management, the last paddy field was finally left for the century-old "Gongmi".
In 2015, the Jingxi Rice Culture System was approved as an important agricultural cultural heritage in China. By 2021, the Jingxi rice planting area in Haidian District will total 1,960 mu and the output will be about 1,000 tons, accounting for nearly half of the region's autumn grain output.
On the other hand, like Jingxi Rice, which is also recognized as an important agricultural cultural heritage in China, there is the Pinggu "Four Buildings" hemp walnut production system.
In the literary play circle in Beijing, the four buildings of walnut are undoubtedly the "veterans" of the Wenwan walnut world.
Today, in the protected area of Pinggu, there are still more than ten ancient 300-500-year-old native four-row hemp walnut trees.
The hemp walnut production system has been cultivated for more than a thousand years.
In 2022, Beijing Pinggu will continue to improve the protection and inheritance of the four Louma walnut production systems, including the census and rescue of native ancient trees and the protection of hemp walnut trees over a century old.
It is worth noting that this year, Xiong'erzhai Township also used idle houses to rebuild the Ma and Walnut Museum, and continued to carry out farming culture propaganda, folk customs, cultural and play product display, industry exchanges, etc.
Culture empowers rural development with more vitality
Since the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy was put forward at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the national emphasis on the revitalization of rural culture and the construction of rural culture has reached a new height.
So, what is rural culture?
What kind of culture does the village have?
Zhu Qizhen, professor of China Agricultural University and director of the Institute of Farmer Issues of China Agricultural University, pointed out in an interview with a reporter from the Beijing News that farming civilization is the root of national culture, and the countryside is the treasure house of Chinese traditional culture, including rich agricultural culture. For example, planting systems, cultivation methods, etc., have been included in the world agricultural cultural heritage, local varieties, production experience, agricultural beliefs, agricultural tools and their use, etc. The survival wisdom gathered in them still has important implications for our sustainable development.
In addition, rural lifestyles, festival customs, traditional handicrafts, folk literature and art are all important components of rural culture.
"The reason why we sometimes don't pay enough attention to rural culture, and even think that rural areas are cultural deserts, is because many of us don't know what culture is." Zhu Qizhen emphasized, "Culture is tangible and intangible, and rural culture permeates rural production. and every aspect of people’s lives.”
Zhu Qizhen pointed out that in the construction of rural culture, an important task is education.
To a large extent, the meaning and purpose of culture is to restrain, guide and regulate people's behavior.
Morality, interests, family rules, family rules, township rules and regulations, customs and folk beliefs all have the function of education.
In the process of being educated, it will also be more conducive for people to understand and maintain the value system of the village, and protect and inherit the village culture.
Among the five aspects mentioned in rural revitalization, cultural revitalization is actually the one that is easily overlooked.
In Zhu Qizhen's view, it is this link, which not only penetrates into various fields such as industry, ecology, and governance, but also determines the happiness and sense of achievement of rural people to a large extent.
"On the spiritual level, culture can bring happiness to people." Zhu Qizhen said that people's needs for cultural content such as nostalgia, filial piety, and virtue in rural areas are higher than material needs.
The sense of accomplishment, respect, and identity that people look forward to, the endogenous motivation for these feelings also comes mainly from culture.
At the material level, culture also permeates all aspects of rural revitalization.
"Take the rural industry as an example, if there is no culture, it is difficult for the industry to be empowered and add added value, because if we want to extend the industrial chain and build a brand, it is very important to give products cultural connotations, which is why our tea culture, wine Culture has such a long industrial chain and high added value." Zhu Qizhen pointed out that for rural revitalization, "culture" not only defines its direction, enriches its connotation, but also gives vitality to the development of many aspects of the countryside.
"Integration of three governances" to create a "Beijing model" for cultural revitalization
At the end of 2017, at the Central Rural Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to inherit, develop and improve farming civilization and take the road of rural cultural prosperity; it is also necessary to innovate the rural governance system and take the road of good rural governance.
In the past few years, General Secretary Xi Jinping has also repeatedly emphasized that rural civilization is the main body of the history of Chinese civilization, the village is the carrier of this civilization, and farming and reading civilization is our soft power.
In September 2021, Beijing held a work conference on promoting rural cultural revitalization, reviewed the rural cultural revitalization work plan, and made arrangements for the next step.
The meeting pointed out that in the future, it is necessary to raise awareness and deeply grasp the significance of promoting the revitalization of rural culture; it is necessary to highlight the guidance of ideological value, highlight the protection of rural cultural diversity, highlight the supply of high-quality culture, and highlight the realization of the unity of the two effects. Promote the key tasks of rural cultural revitalization; we must work hard on finesse, seek innovation in demonstration, show characteristics in integration, see the truth in guarantee, seek practical results in overall planning, and create a Beijing model for rural cultural revitalization.
In May of this year, the "Beijing Action Plan to Take the Lead in Basicly Realizing Agricultural and Rural Modernization" was released, requiring that by 2035, rural revitalization will make decisive progress and take the lead in basically realizing agricultural and rural modernization.
Among them, it is particularly emphasized that it is necessary to form a new atmosphere of rural culture and civilization, and to form a new situation of good governance of the countryside, which is full of vitality, harmonious and orderly, and integrates the "three governances" of self-governance, rule of law, morality, and rule of law in line with the functions of the capital.
Beijing Cultural Revitalization Goals
September 2021
Beijing held a work conference on promoting rural cultural revitalization, reviewed the rural cultural revitalization work plan, and made arrangements for the next step.
The meeting pointed out that cultural revitalization is a strategic measure to promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, an inevitable requirement to meet the people's yearning for a better life, and the only way to enhance the spiritual strength of the rural masses.
May 2022
The "Beijing Action Plan to Take the Lead in Basicly Realizing Agricultural and Rural Modernization" was released, which requires that by 2035, decisive progress in rural revitalization will be achieved, agriculture will be high-quality and efficient, rural areas will be livable and suitable for employment, and farmers will be prosperous and rural, and take the lead in basically realizing agricultural and rural modernization.
【Reporter's Notes】
When we yearn for the countryside, what are we longing for?
It may be difficult for people in the city to deeply understand what rural culture is.
During the interview, the secretaries from the grassroots said that the culture of the countryside is people's most simple pursuit of goodness and beauty, and they will condense into the collective memory of one generation or several generations. The easily captured rural culture permeates all aspects of production and life.
When people yearn for pastoral songs, it is the self-sufficient agricultural system that attracts us; when people temporarily move to the countryside, they linger in tranquility and simplicity.
These are all rural cultures, and they are also the attractiveness of the villages nurtured by culture.
In cities, there is always a utilitarian system for judging the value created by people, but this is rarely involved in rural areas.
Because different from many secular definitions, some of the cultures belonging to the countryside are precisely "anti-successful".
Understanding why rural culture is lost, why it thrives, and how to revitalize it is also to sort out where the countryside has come from in the past, where it will go in the future, and what kind of surging vitality it will have.
Culture is the "soul" of the countryside and the "soft power" and endogenous driving force for rural revitalization.
While rural spiritual civilization nourishes people's hearts, moralizes people's hearts, and unites people's hearts, as Professor Zhu Qizhen said, it is precisely because of these cultural factors that villages provide people with another choice for their happy life expectations.
Beijing News reporter Tian Jiexiong