"Three Summers" is busy, a bumper harvest is in sight
The awn planting has passed, and from south to north, summer harvesting, summer planting, and summer management are in full swing.
The busy season of "three summers" is a key stage related to the annual agricultural harvest. It is not only connected with the mature harvest of summer crops, but also an important period for the sowing of summer crops and the growth and development of spring crops.
According to data released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, as of June 6, 167 million mu of winter wheat had been harvested across the country, and the harvest progress had reached 55%.
Busy machine to collect, to ensure that the pellets are returned to the warehouse
The wind blows the wheat waves, and the summer harvest is busy.
In Gaozhao Village, Tancheng County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, more than 10 combine harvesters plunged into the wheat fields and shuttled back and forth. Accompanied by the rumbling sound of the machines, the plump ears of wheat were swallowed into the threshing box, leaving patches of low wheat stubble.
For the past two days, Zhao Xingjun, a major grain grower in Gaozhao Village, is busy harvesting 3,000 mu of wheat fields.
Seeing the golden grains of wheat being loaded and shipped out, Zhao Xingjun was full of joy: "Affected by the severe autumn flood last year, our wheat was sown more than 10 days late. Fortunately, we chose high-quality strong-gluten wheat varieties later, coupled with field management. It's good, the current harvest is good, and overall, the average yield per mu is about 1,200 catties."
At present, in Shandong, the second largest wheat producing area in China, about 60 million mu of wheat are being harvested one after another.
According to Wang Fengyong, a second-level researcher of the Agricultural Mechanization Management Office of the Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, from the perspective of the supply and demand connection of machine harvesting operations in the early stage, there are 194,000 rice and wheat combine harvesters in the province. Sufficient amount.
At the same time, the agricultural and rural departments will also issue 27,000 cross-regional operation permits with the transportation, public security and other departments, handle 231 free passes for technical service vehicles, and open up cross-regional green channels for agricultural machinery.
In addition, the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in conjunction with the Provincial Department of Commerce, PetroChina, and Sinopec, launched the 2022 "Three Summers" agricultural oil supply activities to benefit farmers and ensure the supply of agricultural oil. Operators inside and outside the province can enjoy a 5% discount on oil.
Summer grain is the first season of grain production in the whole year, and the output accounts for about 1/5 of the whole year.
Since late May this year, winter wheat, the main body of summer grains, has entered the harvesting period from south to north. The major producing areas have seized the good weather to start harvesting, and large-scale wheat harvesting has been carried out in full swing.
According to data released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, as of June 6, 167 million mu of winter wheat had been harvested across the country, and the harvest progress had reached 55%. Half of the wheat was harvested two days earlier than last year.
Among them, the wheat harvest in Sichuan and Hubei has basically ended, the harvest in Anhui has entered the final stage, the progress of the wheat harvest in Henan has exceeded 80%, and the harvest in Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi and Hebei will soon enter the peak.
In the national winter wheat harvest, more than 97% are harvested by machine, and loss reduction has become the focus of attention in various places.
Wang Fengyong said that as mechanized operations have become the absolute main force of summer harvesting, the reduction of machine harvesting is of great significance.
Taking Shandong Province as an example, if the loss of wheat is reduced by 10 catties per mu during the harvest this year, 600 million catties of winter wheat can be recovered from the harvested winter wheat in the province, which is a considerable figure.
"We require counties (cities) with a single-season wheat planting area of more than 500,000 mu to carry out tracking and monitoring of machine harvesting loss data. If the loss rate is found to be high during monitoring, we will promptly remind service organizations and operators to take targeted measures to improve machine harvesting and reduce losses. Level."
"Last year, the whole country recovered 10 billion catties of grain loss by grasping the harvest and reducing losses." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that this year, we will continue to dig deep into the potential of harvesting and reducing losses, and organize large-scale publicity, training, and competitions for good harvests. Activities, strive to control the average loss rate of wheat machine harvesting within 2%, and at the same time pay attention to drying and drying, reduce post-production losses, and ensure the return of grains to the warehouse.
Catch the summer seeds and sow the crops early
Xia Harvest was not relaxed, and Xia Zhong followed closely.
During the "Three Summers" period, the crop crop was tight, and wheat-corn and wheat-rice rotation was the main planting pattern in the Huanghuaihai region. After the wheat harvest, the planting of summer corn, summer soybeans and rice was immediately launched in Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places.
In Henan, the "granary of the Central Plains", with the harvest of more than 85 million mu of wheat in the province coming to an end, the summer planting has accelerated.
"This planter is a good thing. Two rows of corn and four rows of soybeans are neat and tidy." In the field of Longxing Professional Planting Cooperative, located in Houyangxiang Village, Chongyi Town, Qinyang City, under the guidance of local agricultural technicians, the cooperative Song Yuedong, the person in charge, and the villagers put the seeds into the special planter for soybean and corn ribbon compound planting, and the planting of more than 100 mu of land was completed in a short time.
"The interplanting of soybeans in the corn field not only guarantees the sown area and yield of corn, but also allows you to harvest an extra crop of soybeans. The government also subsidizes it. This land is very cost-effective!" Song Yuedong said, this is the first time to try corn and soybeans in the cooperative field this year. Band compound planting, looking forward to a good harvest.
Wang Junzhong, deputy director of the Henan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, introduced that this year, Henan gave full play to the advantages of agricultural machinery operations, and organized farmers to rush to sow early, harvest one piece and plant one piece.
Focus on 1 million mu of corn and soybean strip compound planting, guide each locality to sign agreements with the business entities undertaking the tasks, help to do a good job in the purchase and modification of machinery, prepare enough agricultural machinery, seeds and other production materials, pay the subsidy funds in time, and ensure the planting of crops. Foot, plant well.
"We will ensure that the autumn grain area is stable at more than 76 million mu, and the annual grain area is more than 161 million mu." Wang Junzhong said.
Summer seeds are directly related to the harvest of autumn grains. All localities and departments have stepped up mechanized operations, new technology support and promotion, and actively played the role of new agricultural operators and socialized service organizations to help farmers rush for early sowing.
"This year, we adopted the rice mulching machine transplanting technology, which can complete the mechanical transplanting and mulching at one time." In the returning organic manor located in Gaochun District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, three rice transplanters are using new technologies to cover more than 1,000 acres of land. When transplanting rice in paddy fields, the person in charge of the manor said that mulching can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds, and this fully biodegradable mulch can be automatically decomposed after soaking in paddy fields for 50 to 60 days. The advantages of fertilizer, pesticide control and reduction, and improvement of rice quality help realize organic rice cultivation.
In Anhui, 120 newly-built rice seedling centers in 47 main rice-producing counties are fully operational, and suitable machinery such as rice machine transplanting and soybean and corn precision seeders have been vigorously promoted. In Hebei, the production of autumn grains accounts for more than 60%, and local governments have implemented subsidy policies, technical training, and supply of agricultural machinery and materials in advance. This year, 33 key counties have promoted the corn and soybean strip compound planting model with an area of 500,000 mu, and have issued detailed guidelines in terms of technical models and variety selection. Currently, the sowing has entered the final stage.
Prevent diseases and insects and promote yield formation
Plant it, and take good care of it.
During the awn planting season, the southern early rice enters the booting stage, and the summer tube is the key to the formation of yield.
Wu Zhangzhong, a major grain grower in Wangshou Village, Xihu Town, Changde City, has been staring at the traps in the rice fields recently.
"Look, this trap has caught nearly 20 insects, and the effect is good." Wu Zhangzhong said, "This year, the agricultural department specially arranged technical instructors to help with field management, and also gave us free and installed two centipede traps. , which can not only effectively control diseases and insect pests, but also reduce the frequency and dosage of pesticides, saving a lot of expenses."
Xie Dijun, the head of the Plant Protection Station of the Agriculture and Rural Bureau of the West Lake Management District of Changde City, introduced that since this year, the Agriculture and Rural Bureau of the West Lake Management District has specially set up a technical service guidance group to go deep into the fields and carry out technical guidance services. For farmers' consultation, we will provide practical technical training to farmers, promote summer management, improve disease and pest monitoring and control, and promote early rice to grow into large ears.
"Insects take food" is crucial to ensuring a bumper harvest.
In Beidahuang Group Heilongjiang 853 Farm Co., Ltd., the biological early warning and control system has been continuously improved.
Gao Tianhao, a staff member of the farm's rice park, introduced that the insect situation in the rice field is monitored by the insect detection and warning light. The data collected by each insect situation monitoring station is collected into the Internet of Things Center, and then comprehensive analysis and judgment are carried out to scientifically formulate insect control. Fighting the medicine plan, so that we can implement policies according to local conditions and prescribe the right medicine.
"Since this year, the weather and climate situation has been complex and changeable, and the risk of outbreaks of agricultural diseases and insect pests is high." Li Sen, deputy director of the Ecology and Agricultural Meteorological Office of the National Meteorological Center, said that it is expected that rice planthoppers, sheath blight and other rice diseases and insect pests in early rice areas will be serious. In the previous year, the "two migratory" pests of rice and the major migratory pest of corn, Spodoptera frugiperda, will further spread to the first-season rice areas and corn-growing areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; in addition, the precipitation in the north is high in summer, which is beneficial to the corn-producing areas in the north. Re-emergence of pests and diseases such as corn borer and corn leaf spot.
"The China Meteorological Administration will improve the service level of severe weather forecast and early warning services, scientifically study and judge the meteorological conditions of various agricultural diseases and insect pests, and carry out artificial rain enhancement and hail prevention operations in a timely manner, so as to help agriculture 'infested with food'."
A few days ago, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs deployed the work of fighting drought and promoting summer planting and summer management. The relevant person in charge said that the orderly development of summer management will be promoted and key measures for disaster prevention and mitigation will be implemented.
The "three regions and four belts" of Spodoptera frugiperda should be established, and the cross-regional joint monitoring and regional coordinated management of the "two-migration" rice pests should be carried out.
The Northeast region should focus on "grabbing accumulated temperature and promoting early maturity" to strengthen crop field management.
Early rice in the south is a critical period for yield formation. It is necessary to strengthen the control of fertilizer and water, and apply ear and grain fertilizer. The middle rice gradually turns green, and it is necessary to apply fertilizer for marriage, promote tillering into ears, and set up a good harvest.