Zhongguancun Science City, Huairou Science City, and Future Science City build platforms, and frontier laboratories such as quantum technology, biotechnology, and space technology gather together
in technology Beijing: three "cities" support the source of scientific and technological innovation
Beijing is not close to the sea, but in a scientific research building under the mountains on the outskirts of Beijing, scientists have created a water-energy triboelectric nanogenerator that can convert ocean power into electricity.
The charm of science and technology lies in turning the impossible into the possible and the unimaginable into the commonplace.
Technology is born from the soil where imagination emerges.
In five years, Huairou Science City, a science city where more than 3,000 scientific and technological workers gather and collaborate, has grown by the Yanqi Lake in Huairou.
The steel building in the sci-fi blockbuster has become a reality here.
Further south, there are Future Science City, Zhongguancun Science City, laboratories in frontier fields such as quantum technology, biotechnology, and space technology, as well as a group of "great powers".
In the past five years, three "innovative rainforests" have been planted one after another, and a new generation of technology has sprung out, forming another source of innovation in the world.
Nanogenerators lead the world
The instructor in the exhibition hall turned on the switch, the water in the glass container tumbled, 16 small balls tied to strings in four rows swayed rhythmically, and the LED lights connected to the small balls lit up.
"The electricity generated by a sea area the size of Shandong Province can meet the current total energy consumption of China. The potential of blue energy is self-evident." Irregular motion is transformed into a steady stream of electrical energy.
Also in the showroom are slides that light up, sneakers that light up without batteries, and even pacemakers that generate electricity without changing batteries.
The lecturer of the exhibition hall of the Beijing Institute of Nano-Energy and Systems of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Institute of Nano-Energy) introduced that there is a nano-generator behind these seemingly incredible objects.
The energy crisis has always been the focus of the world's attention, and the development of renewable and environmentally friendly new energy is one of the most urgent challenges for the development of human society.
The Chinese scientific and technological community has always attached great importance to the innovation and development of nanotechnology, and many original achievements have emerged in the field of nanotechnology. For example, in the fields of nanogenerators and piezoelectric electronics, China is the international leader.
The Institute of Nano Energy, established in April 2012, is a pioneer in the fields of piezoelectric electronics, piezoelectric optoelectronics, nano-generators, micro-nano energy, and micro-nano self-driven sensing.
In September 2020, the Nano Energy Institute settled in Huairou Science City.
"In the past 10 years, the institute has grown from nothing, like a big tree, from rooting to thriving, bearing some scientific fruits. Some fruits have also filled the gap in the history of human science. This is how scientific research is done, accumulating little by little. Experience, and finally gathered into a sea of stars." Researcher Cheng Tinghai, head of the Intelligent Structure and System Laboratory of the Institute of Nano Energy, mainly conducts research on micro-nano energy capture, self-driving sensing and mechatronics intelligent equipment, and proposed a series of mechanical mode friction. Based on the design scheme of nanogenerators, various principles and types of triboelectric mechanical motion sensors have been developed.
Now the Institute of Nano Energy has a relatively comprehensive discipline layout and scientific research strength, and has also initiated authoritative conferences recognized by international peers such as the "International Conference on Nano Energy and Nano Systems".
However, the researchers of the Institute of Nano Energy are not only satisfied with the basic scientific research level. Cheng Tinghai said, just like Academician Wang Zhonglin hoped, let our research strive for more "shelves" and truly apply the results to the motherland. To benefit the people, we have successfully developed a number of application technologies and incubated a number of enterprises.
The Valley of Life forms the aggregation trend of the whole industry chain of medical products
A highway passes through a green belt to the west of a building complex, and a subway line to the southeast connects universities, hospitals and research institutes.
Yang Weiwei, director of the Coordination Office of the Zhongguancun Life Science Park Management Committee, pointed to a large area between the two traffic lines on the sand table and told reporters that a 4.7-square-kilometer expansion area will be built here in the future.
BeiGene's "Zebrutinib", Nuocheng Jianhua's "Obrutinib", Boya's gene-editing drug for thalassaemia, and Shukun Technology's cardiovascular AI diagnostic software are the birthplaces of these original Chinese medical products. There is a resounding name - the Valley of Life.
Yang Weiwei introduced that Life Valley has gathered a number of R&D institutions such as the Beijing Institute of Life Sciences, Beijing Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research Center, and more than 200 well-known scientific researchers such as Wang Xiaodong, Shi Yigong, and Shao Feng. There are more than 500 health enterprises, and a group of key enterprises and institutions have gathered in basic research, R&D pilot test, production and distribution, and terminal medical treatment.
Cell and gene therapy is an innovative therapy that directly or indirectly interferes with the occurrence, development or progression of diseases through genetic material. The precise development of cell and gene therapy products is expected to fundamentally cure some diseases that cannot be solved by existing conventional therapies.
There was a gap in our country in this regard.
"To make up for the blank of domestic cell and gene therapy innovation platforms, it is necessary to have an all-round industrialization support system covering key technology research, core process development and pilot production. These systems, after entering the Zhongguancun Life Science Park, are slow It's slowly building up."
Hao Guoshun, Director of Information Engineering of the Cell and Gene Therapy Innovation Center of Tsinghua Institute of Technology, told reporters that now, relying on the talents and technical advantages of Tsinghua University and other institutions, the Innovation Center is using multi-disciplinary and industry-leading technical resources to achieve platform-based development and bottom-level development in this field. A fundamental breakthrough in technology, "A new technology is like a new life. It has to break through many obstacles to grow."
Huahui Anjian (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., established in Life Valley in 2015, has also experienced a breakthrough from "0" to "1".
CEO Chen Bin told reporters that after the company settled in Life Valley, thanks to talents and supporting support, it has successfully established technology research and development platforms such as antibody discovery and antibody engineering platforms, protein engineering and production platforms.
At the same time, the company has built a pilot production platform with a complete production process of macromolecular drugs, relying on the company's own rich technical experience, using international advanced software and hardware facilities and quality control systems, which can meet high-quality requirements from IND application to clinical phase III. Clinical sample production needs.
The Quantum Institute has attracted a number of "post-90s" researchers
At the end of 2017, Yu Haifeng, an associate professor at Nanjing University, received an invitation from Xue Qikun, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and asked him if he was willing to join a new R&D institution that was going to focus on superconducting quantum computing research.
At that time, Tsinghua University, Peking University, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other universities and scientific research institutions continued to develop quantum information research. Beijing had outstanding advantages in this field, but due to the scattered scientific research strength, the resource advantages were not fully utilized.
On December 24, 2017, the Beijing Institute of Quantum Information Science (hereinafter referred to as the Quantum Institute) was inaugurated.
On April 28, 2022, a reporter from the Beijing News Yu Haifeng saw many young researchers working in his laboratory.
"Post-90s" researcher Liu Weiyang is leaning over to install a refrigerator. He told reporters that he feels very lucky to work in the Quantum Institute, because the working atmosphere here is very lively, "The teachers of the Quantum Institute have sufficient knowledge of young talents. Trust, not only for papers, not for professional titles, not only for academic qualifications, not only for awards.”
The scientific research atmosphere that makes Liu Weiyang feel lucky can be traced back to the "five new" mechanism in the "Implementation Measures for Beijing's Support for the Construction of World-Class New R&D Institutions (Trial)" issued in 2018.
The document points out that it is necessary to stimulate the enthusiasm and creativity of scientific researchers, break the tradition and implement a new operating system; stabilize support and implement new financial support policies; respect the law and implement a new performance evaluation mechanism; empower transformation and implement new Intellectual property incentives; open and shared, and implement new fixed asset management methods.
Talents gather like a tide from all directions.
Zhang Shuo, assistant to the dean of the Quantum Institute, recalled that at the end of 2018, the Quantum Institute welcomed its first full-time scientific researcher; in the following three years, the Quantum Institute has successively introduced more than 200 full-time researchers.
She said that in the management of scientific research funds, the Municipal Science and Technology Commission and the Zhongguancun Administrative Committee strongly support scientific research funds, and encourage scientific research institutes to have greater freedom in the introduction of talents and the use of scientific research funds, which has created excellent opportunities for talent introduction. surroundings.
The scientific research results achieved by many dynamic teams have shocked the world one after another.
The team of Long Guilu, deputy dean of the Institute of Quantum and professor of Tsinghua University, and the team of Lu Jianhua jointly released the world's first quantum direct communication prototype, achieving a quantum direct communication distance of 100 kilometers; Lu Wei, a part-time researcher of the Institute of Quantum, and professor of Tsinghua University, made the world's first quantum direct communication prototype. Industrial-grade ultra-short and ultra-intense terawatt lasers and prototypes of ultra-intense laser-driven desktop synchronous light sources; the decoherence time of a single superconducting qubit tackled by Yu Haifeng's team exceeded 500 microseconds.
Long Guilu introduced that quantum direct communication has changed the two-channel structure of traditional secure communication.
Not long ago, they designed and implemented a new quantum direct communication system with mixed encoding of phase quantum state and timestamp quantum state, and successfully realized quantum direct communication of 100 kilometers.
This is currently the longest quantum direct communication distance in the world.
A group of major powers have become the new business cards of Huairou Science City
A photo from 20 years ago hangs on a wall in the complex extreme conditions experimental facility park. Nine young people are smiling at the camera.
Lu Li, a researcher at the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the Huairou Research Department, pointed to the young man in the first row on the left in the photo and told reporters, "This is Yu Haifeng 20 years ago. Now he is the leading scientist."
In the field of physics, there is a concept of absolute zero, which is -273.15℃. In layman's terms, it represents the lowest temperature that is so cold that it is impossible to get any colder. However, in the quantum computing center of the comprehensive extreme conditions experimental facility park, it can only be compared to Absolute zero is 0.001°C higher.
Lu Li said, "Under such extremely low temperature conditions, abundant quantum states of matter can be observed, and then the realization of quantum computing can be explored."
The state of matter is related to temperature, pressure, magnetic field, etc.
The comprehensive extreme conditions experimental device uses extreme conditions such as extremely low temperature, ultra-high pressure, strong magnetic field, and ultra-fast light field to study material science.
For example, water has three states: liquid state, solid state, and gaseous state. Controlling the state of water turns water into water vapor. Humans invented the steam engine, setting off the first industrial revolution; regulating the state of the electromagnetic field, human beings started the second industrial revolution. Entering the electrical age; regulating the energy band state of electrons has led to the third industrial revolution - informatization.
"From the point of view of physics, can we continue to regulate the state of matter and the state of electrons in matter to contribute to the fourth industrial revolution? I expect this big scientific device to contribute to this." Lu Li said.
The Institute of Physics is the birthplace of low-temperature technology and low-temperature physics research in China.
Lv Li introduced that Mr. Hong Chaosheng led everyone to develop a refrigerator after returning to China in the 1950s. In 1956, the liquefaction of hydrogen was realized. This technology made it possible for two bombs and one star rocket to go to the sky.
In the late 1970s, the Institute of Physics successfully developed a dilution refrigerator, which reached the temperature range of 30 mK; in 2008, it successfully developed a nuclear adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator, which entered the sub-mK temperature region; in 2010, it achieved the lowest electron temperature in the world.
In addition to the comprehensive extreme conditions experimental device, the Earth System Numerical Simulation Device was opened on June 23, 2021; the high-energy synchrotron radiation source installed the first scientific research equipment electron gun on June 28, 2021; the civil engineering of the comprehensive monitoring network of the space environment foundation was completed. ; The multi-modal cross-scale biomedical imaging facility has completed the capping of the main structure and will be fully completed this year.
These powerful weapons are becoming the new business cards of Huairou Science City.
A blue bus left Zhangjiakou Railway Station in the snow and ice, and soon drove to the core business district of Beicheng; although the low temperature was minus ten degrees Celsius, the bus ran smoothly and made little noise.
This is a bus equipped with hydrogen fuel cells. During the Winter Olympics and Paralympics, China successfully used hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on a large scale for the first time in major international events, and nearly 1,200 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles were put into use.
What makes Yu Min, executive deputy general manager of Beijing Yihuatong Technology Co., Ltd. proud, is that among nearly 1,200 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, more than 700 vehicles are equipped with Yihuatong hydrogen fuel cell system, accounting for 64%; the operating mileage More than 2.6 million kilometers, and carbon reduction of more than 2,200 tons, accounting for 81%.
According to reports, the application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is a complex system engineering. The first is hydrogen production. The cost cannot be too high to make the market prohibitive and government subsidies cannot be afforded. The second is storage, transportation and refueling, which requires a certain market share. The third is the fuel cell stack technology. In recent years, the cost of this technology has been declining, and the basic conditions for commercial operation have been fully met. Finally, there is the supporting vehicle production technology. If no company is willing to With cooperation, no matter how good the technology is, it will not be applied.
This is doomed that the hydrogen energy industry cannot be promoted by a few companies. It needs to gather the forces of scientific research institutions, enterprises, governments and society.
In 2025, Beijing will become an international science and technology innovation center
On June 6, 2022, Wang Zhigang, Minister of Science and Technology, introduced at a press conference that China's R&D investment in the whole society will increase from 1.03 trillion yuan in 2012 to 2.79 trillion yuan in 2021, and the R&D investment intensity will increase from 1.91% to 2.44%. ; According to the global innovation index ranking released by the World Intellectual Property Organization, China has risen from 34th in 2012 to 12th in 2021, and China's position and role in the global innovation map have undergone new changes; China is both an international frontier innovation It is also an important contributor to solving global problems together.
Beijing, which is positioned as an "international science and technology innovation center", bears a greater mission.
The "Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center Construction Plan during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period" clearly defines the development goals: by 2025, the Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center will be basically formed and built into a world science center and innovation highland.
In September 2016, the State Council issued the "Beijing General Plan for Strengthening the Construction of National Science and Technology Innovation Centers", pointing out that it is necessary to make overall plans for the construction of Zhongguancun Science City, Huairou Science City, and Future Science City, so as to build Beijing into a world-renowned science center; in May 2017, The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Science and Technology jointly approved the "Beijing Huairou Comprehensive National Science Center Construction Plan", and Huairou Science City has become the centralized bearing site of the comprehensive national science center; )” pointed out that Huairou Science City should build a world-class original innovation carrying area that matches the needs of the national strategy.
In February 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected Beijing, and once again clarified the urban strategic positioning of Beijing's "Four Centers", emphasizing that Beijing's greatest advantages lie in technology and talents. The construction of "three cities and one district" strives to create a new highland for Beijing's economic development.
In June 2017, the 12th Beijing Municipal Party Congress clarified the development goal of "building a new highland for Beijing's development under the guidance of building a globally influential technology innovation center" in the next five years.
In 2022, the application of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, and quantum communication will be accelerated, and new products and new formats such as smart terminals, telemedicine, and online education will be cultivated. 70% of the output is exported to other places, giving full play to the demonstration role of the center and the radiation.
In the future, Zhongguancun Science City will continue to gather global high-end innovation elements to form a group of innovative leading companies, technological innovation centers, original achievements and international standards with global influence; Huairou Science City will continue to gather a number of large scientific installations to build a national Major scientific and technological infrastructure and cutting-edge technology cross-research platform attracts high-end scientists from all over the world; in the future, the Science City will continue to gather a number of high-level enterprise R&D centers, continue to introduce talents from the "Thousand Talents Program", and build a world-leading technological innovation highland.
Beijing is exploring the frontiers of science and technology with an attitude of internationalization and openness and sharing.
Beijing News reporter Zhao Lixin