China News Agency, Wuhan, May 20 (Liang Ting, Tao Yang, Liang Gang) The reporter learned from the Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology on the 20th that a joint research team composed of the institute and the team of Professor Cui Jianfeng from the School of Archaeology, Culture and Museology of Peking University found a discovery at the Qujialing site. The earliest known high-temperature black-glazed pottery in China.
This archaeological result shows that the ancestors of Qujialing have mastered the superb pottery firing technology. This discovery has advanced the history of high-temperature black glaze technology in China by at least 1,000 years.
The Qujialing site is the place where the Qujialing culture was discovered and named. It is located in Quling Village, Qujialing Management District, Jingmen City, Hubei Province, and Gaodun Village, Yanmenkou Town, Jingshan City. It is located in the transition from the southern foot of Dahong Mountain to Jianghan Plain. zone.
The Qujialing culture dates from about 5100 to 4500 years ago. The pottery generally uses the quick wheel production technology, and most of the black and gray pottery is muddy, and the decorations such as string patterns and perforations are popular.
A batch of exquisite black painted pottery unearthed from the site, also known as black-coated eggshell pottery, is only 0.1 cm to 0.2 cm thick.
Through microscopic observation, composition analysis, scanning electron microscope energy spectrum and other technical means, the research team showed that its black color (clothing) process is completely different from the black color of painted pottery of other cultures in the Neolithic period.
According to Cui Jianfeng, most of the black colors of painted pottery in the Neolithic period were made of a kind of mineral raw materials containing both iron and manganese. Water-absorbing and dull, the black surface layer of the eggshell pottery discovered this time has a very strong luster and has a very glassy texture, and has been fired into a black glaze.
Through comparative analysis, the joint research team believes that this type of "black-glazed" pottery is very similar to the famous black-painted pottery firing process in ancient Greece in the 6th century BC, and both use a three-stage firing process of "oxidation-reduction-oxidation".
The black glaze of eggshell black-glazed pottery basically does not contain manganese, and it is colored by iron ions alone, and its surface is completely glassy. High temperature black glazed pottery.
According to Cui Jianfeng, the earliest known high-temperature black glaze is the black-glazed pottery (original porcelain) of the Fubin Culture. 1000 years.
At the same time, this discovery not only gives people a new understanding of the pottery craftsmanship of Qujialing ancestors, but also has important significance for the traceability research of high temperature black glaze technology.
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