Ban Yue Tan Reporter Chen Xiyuan Liu Zhiqiang Ma Xiaocheng Jiang Gang Bai Mingshan
Agricultural machinery and equipment is an important tool and guarantee for the development of modern agriculture.
However, at present, my country's agricultural machinery equipment has the problems of rapid update and iteration, high elimination rate, fragile parts and high maintenance costs.
At the same time, problems such as the lack of connection of agricultural machinery operators and the poor integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy are also more prominent, and the shortcomings need to be filled urgently.
The update and iteration of agricultural machinery is fast, and it is better to sell than repair
Reporter Banyuetan found that there are many domestic agricultural machinery brands, the models are iterated quickly, the good and bad are mixed in the market, and the elimination rate is high.
"Many agricultural machinery brands may appear on the market this year, but will disappear next year. Miscellaneous agricultural machinery floods the market, mostly just to earn subsidies." Zhang Guoming, deputy head of the Agricultural Machinery Technology Promotion Service Station in Yushu City, Jilin Province, said.
Qin Hui, chairman of Xiaohui Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative in Suiyang County, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, sighed that the replacement of agricultural machinery is fast. The engines used by tractors before were of the second national standard, but now they have to be replaced by the national third standard according to environmental protection requirements.
The agency has 14 tractors, 7 of which meet the second and third national standards, "but we can't replace all of them with the latest equipment at once."
Li Yaoming, a professor at the School of Agricultural Engineering of Jiangsu University, told Banyuetan that the average lifespan of domestic ordinary agricultural machinery is only five or six years. If you count the excess, the actual working time per year is only two months, which is equivalent to about 12 months of use time. In fact, it will be scrapped. Most parts are still available.
At the same time, the quality of some domestic agricultural machinery is unstable, the failure rate of individual components is high, and the after-sales service cannot keep up, and maintenance is difficult and expensive.
Zhang Wenxing, chairman of the Wenxing Agricultural Materials Professional Cooperative in Dehui City, Jilin Province, reported that the exhaust pipes of the domestic agricultural machinery purchased by the company two years ago often turned red when in use. During an operation last year, fuel spilled onto the exhaust pipes. , the operator failed to find it in time, and the whole machine was burned in a few minutes.
Qin Hui said that of the 19 mechanics in the agency, he is the only one who can maintain it, and he has also undertaken after-sales agents for some agricultural machinery brands in Guizhou, traveling all over the province. Yuan, in the opinion of some farmers, it is better to sell than repair.”
"There are only two or three agricultural machinery maintenance points in a township. Generally, you have to wait in line for a few days for minor problems. If you ask a manufacturer to repair it, not only will the waiting time be longer, but the cost will also be higher." The person in charge, Jia Qiang, said that some colleagues went out to work across districts.
"On the one hand, operators are 're-used but not re-maintained' and have poor awareness of maintenance, often turning 'minor problems' into 'big problems'; on the other hand, the county lacks agricultural machinery maintenance conditions." Agricultural and rural areas in Ningjin County, Hebei Province Li Yaohui, secretary of the party group and director of the bureau, told Banyuetan reporters that in order to solve the worries of operators, the county organized 3 repair shops and 12 repair points.
Agricultural machinery operators are "green and yellow", and the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy is poor
Reporter Banyuetan's investigation found that at present, the phenomenon of aging mobile phone teams and lack of successors is common in various places.
Shan Liting, Secretary of the Party Committee of Pailou Community, Fuqiao Town, Taicang City, Jiangsu Province, introduced that the community independently operates collective farms with an area of more than 4,400 mu, and has a professional management team of 8 people who have agricultural machinery certificates. The men are all over 60 years old, and the problem of agricultural machinery operators being "old, with low wages, unable to support them, and unable to keep them" is a prominent problem.
Liang Jiaxiang, chairman of Xiangfa Agricultural Machinery Service Professional Cooperative in Sanhe Town, Hongze District, Huaian City, Jiangsu Province, also said that the company has more than 100 operators, most of whom are between 50 and 70 years old, and very few are under 40 years old.
"In the past, agricultural machinery could be operated by operators in their 50s and 60s, but now agricultural machinery is becoming more and more intelligent, and the requirements for agricultural machinery operators are getting higher and higher." Ping Dong, chairman of Hehe Ecological Agriculture Professional Cooperative in Tianchang City, Anhui Province Lin said.
"It's hard to find a machine operator. Our company's operator only works in agricultural machinery a year and can earn about 70,000 yuan, but it's still not as good as going to the south to work. In winter, we have to find other jobs for the operator, otherwise we won't be able to retain people. ." Ma Zou, chairman of the Zeng Sheng Agricultural Machinery Planting Professional Cooperative in Yushu City, Jilin Province, said that some small cooperatives have to start looking for people as soon as summer begins to receive work for the autumn harvest.
The poor integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy also restricts the use of agricultural machinery.
Qin Hui said that many farmers in Suiyang still use the traditional method of raising seedlings. The seedlings are of different sizes, and the transplanter often misses or damages the seedlings, resulting in a low success rate of transplanting.
Chen Shihao, director of the Huaihai Farm Farmland Water Conservancy Center in Jiangsu Province, said: "Most tractor engines have increased horsepower now, but the gearbox is still the original standard, and the supporting farm tools can't keep up.
Take multiple measures to overcome the pain points of the agricultural machinery industry
Improve the standardization level of agricultural machinery manufacturing.
Jia Qiang and Chen Shihao suggested that agricultural machinery enterprises should form a unified standard, improve the versatility of conventional accessories, strengthen after-sales service, and reduce maintenance costs.
At the same time, we will severely crack down on acts such as arbitrage subsidies, and purify the agricultural machinery market.
Xu Zhenghua, chairman of Jiangsu Suzhou Jiufu Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd., said that there is a lack of standard mathematical models in the research and development process of enterprises.
"For example, for rice transplanters with wide and narrow rows, some people say that 20/40 is the best, and some people say that 17/33 is the best. Different companies have different standards and go their own way." He suggested that government, industry and academia should cooperate to form industry standards.
Deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy.
Zhang Ruihong, a professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering of Yangzhou University, introduced that the "nine-in-one" new type of agricultural machinery developed by the team can complete 9 processes next time. At the end of October 2021, the farm in Huaihai, Jiangsu Province will increase the yield by nearly 100 kilograms per mu, compared with the control. 10% more high-yield fields are formed, and costs such as fertilizers, pesticides and labor are saved.
Increase support and cultivate a team of professional technicians.
Qin Hui hopes that in addition to the purchase of agricultural machinery, the state will also provide subsidies for the maintenance of agricultural machinery, such as the purchase of maintenance oil.
The organic hands reported that in many cases agricultural machinery cannot be used as collateral, and they hope to increase support for agricultural machinery loans to help the grassroots reduce the burden of agricultural machinery renewal.
Luo Chiyan, director of the Rural Development Service Center of Suiyang County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, and Chen Chao, member of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, suggested that agricultural machinery driving licenses cannot be "learned in one go." usage.
Increase the research and development of smart agricultural machinery, improve the operating environment, and attract "new farmers".
Shan Liting suggested that manufacturers can produce agricultural machinery with closed cabs, install air conditioners, air filters and other equipment to improve the working environment of the operators.
For the promotion of smart agricultural machinery, Liang Jiaxiang hopes that the country will increase demonstration efforts, improve the model as soon as possible, and spread it out in an all-round way, so as to increase its appeal to "new farmers".
Next: 1 set of foreign agricultural machinery tops and 4 domestic sets?
Ban Yue Tan Reporter Liu Zhiqiang Bai Mingshan Ma Xiaocheng Jiang Gang Chen Xiyuan
In recent years, the research and development of agricultural machinery and equipment in my country has made significant progress, but there is a gap between some research and development and the international advanced level, and the research and development of high-end agricultural machinery core technologies and key components lags behind. These shortcomings directly affect the improvement of my country's agricultural mechanization level.
There are still many weak links in the development of agricultural machinery and equipment
There is a gap between some R&D and the international advanced level.
Li Yaoming, a professor at the School of Agricultural Engineering of Jiangsu University, said that at present, domestic grain combine harvesters are basically not installed with grain loss monitoring sensors, but they are basically available in Europe and the United States; domestic harvesting machinery is generally only 30 to 50 hours without failure. Up to 100 to 200 hours.
Ma Zou, chairman of the Zengsheng Agricultural Machinery Planting Professional Cooperative in Yushu City, Jilin Province, said that an imported baler can operate 900 acres in 8 to 10 hours, and the price is about 1.25 million yuan. After subsidies for the supporting tractor, it will cost about 850,000 yuan. About 2.1 million yuan.
To complete the same amount of work, 4 sets of domestic equipment are required, and the price of each set is about 1.6 million yuan.
Some cooperatives said that when it comes to high-horsepower tractors, domestic brands have few options.
The research and development of core technologies and key components of high-end agricultural machinery lags behind.
Banyuetan reporter learned that at present, except for a few enterprises whose products are close to the international level in terms of equipment level, most domestic agricultural machinery enterprises have low production equipment level, backward technology and low product quality.
Experts said that the technical level, operational performance, field adaptability and passenger comfort of my country's agricultural machinery equipment are currently poor, especially in the core process materials, key components, and key operating devices. There are technical bottlenecks.
Agricultural machinery and equipment research and development faces multiple blocking points
Insufficient talent training and reserves.
Tang Yong, Secretary of the Party Committee of the Guizhou Mountain Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, said that after decades of development, my country's agricultural machinery and equipment discipline has significantly accelerated its pace of catching up with the frontiers of international disciplines. , there is a big gap compared with developed countries.
Some agricultural machinery and equipment enterprises reported that at present, the quality of front-line skilled workers in some related enterprises in my country is uneven, and the mobility is relatively large, which affects the stability and reliability of enterprise production and the improvement of product quality.
The transformation rate of scientific research achievements is low.
Experts believe that there is a lack of continuity in the innovation of agricultural machinery and equipment, there is sometimes a disconnect between scientific and technological innovation and the transformation of achievements, and the concept of "emphasizing research and ignoring transformation" still exists.
Tang Yong said that in recent years, his Guizhou Provincial Institute of Mountain Agricultural Machinery has also produced a lot of research and development results, but most of them have not been transformed.
Subsidies for high-end equipment are small.
The person in charge of an agricultural machinery company in the central region said that high-end agricultural machinery equipment is the future development direction of the agricultural machinery industry, but my country's high-end intelligent agricultural machinery products have not been widely promoted and applied, and mainly rely on imports.
Moreover, the R&D and manufacturing costs of such products are relatively high, and the existing state subsidies are almost the same as those of conventional technology products, which increases the difficulty of commercialization and marketization of high-end intelligent agricultural machinery equipment.
Improve the level of agricultural machinery research and development through a multi-pronged approach
The first is to increase the strength of personnel training.
Experts interviewed believe that there are leaders, top-notch talents and young backbones in other fields who can continuously achieve breakthroughs and catch up with the international advanced level, which is also needed for scientific research on agricultural machinery and equipment.
It is recommended to introduce high-quality agricultural machinery and equipment R&D talents, optimize the structure of agricultural machinery scientific research talents, and improve the overall level of agricultural machinery scientific research; cultivate talents to create conditions for young scientific researchers to devote themselves to agricultural machinery and equipment research and development; integrate scientific research forces and form a comprehensive agricultural machinery and equipment R & D team.
The second is to strengthen the research and development of core technologies and the transformation of achievements.
Ji Junjie, head of the Hebei Agricultural Mechanization Innovation and Development Technology Expert Group, said that at present, modern agricultural machinery equipment in developed countries is developing in the direction of large-scale, high-efficiency, intelligent and electro-mechanical-hydraulic integration. my country must also adapt to the needs of large-scale planting and develop large-scale agricultural machinery.
Experts suggested that if the components are strong, the main engine is strong. It is recommended to strengthen the research and development of environmentally friendly low-emission engines, power shift gearboxes, and electronic control systems.
The state should further promote the integration of production, education and research in the agricultural machinery industry, and promote the transformation of scientific research achievements.
The third is to increase financial support to promote the upgrading of the agricultural machinery industry and technological breakthroughs.
Experts suggest that special funds for agricultural machinery equipment research and development should be increased, agricultural machinery enterprises should be encouraged to apply for projects in intelligent services, and leading enterprises should be encouraged to strengthen their research and development capabilities in information systems, precision agricultural services, and human-machine integration services.