Industrial "Old Faces" Become Urban "New Landmarks" (Sankei Observation)
The iron-making raw material area has been transformed into the resident of the Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee, and the clean coal workshop has been transformed into a training ground for ice and snow sports teams. Not far away, the ski jumping platform stands majestically. In Beijing Shougang Park, the rough and shocking industrial style and dynamic ice and snow The movement is organically blended, and the industrial "old faces" have turned into dazzling urban "new landmarks".
Tsingtao Brewery has built a beer museum in a century-old factory to attract tourists to "check in"; the old abandoned warehouse in Yangpu, Shanghai has been transformed into an Internet celebrity art museum, and the "industrial rust belt" has turned into a "life show belt"... In recent years , One after another old factories, mines and industrial areas are quietly transformed in the protection and utilization.
As an important carrier of industrial culture, the industrial heritage has witnessed different stages of my country's industrialization process, carrying the historical memory and cultural accumulation of each city.
Since 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has successively released 5 batches of 194 items of national industrial heritage.
What experiences have been explored in the use of industrial heritage protection and how to make it revitalized, the reporter interviewed relevant departments and related enterprises.
Activation and utilization, new utilization of old things, various ways of protecting and utilizing industrial heritage
"It's new! Look at this national style freehand porcelain plate, the colors are rich and full, and the flowers are lifelike." Soon after Zhou Xin, a maker in Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, released the new products in the Douyin live broadcast room, the products were sold out, "Ceramics are selling well, It is inseparable from the cultural heritage.”
Where does the cultural heritage come from?
As soon as the camera turns, the mystery is revealed: the zigzag-shaped factory building with scattered heights has been carefully transformed into a pottery experience space, and the abandoned old equipment has been turned into a creative decorative art in the hands of the designer.
Walking through the Taoxichuan Cultural and Creative District, from the curbstone paved by the old kiln car rails to the waterscape square paved with old kiln bricks, the original architectural style and the modern design complement each other.
Based on the two industrial heritages of Jingdezhen Cosmos Porcelain Factory and Weimin Porcelain Factory, through the renovation of the old factory buildings and the implantation of new formats in the old space, in October 2016, the Taoxichuan Cultural and Creative Block was officially opened.
"Industrial heritage is not only a precious 'leaf' to record ceramic culture, but also an important link in the cultural and creative industry chain." Feng Jun, the relevant person in charge of Jingdezhen Taoyi Culture Company, introduced that based on the industrial heritage, the company created a new ceramic cultural and creative industry. Brand, offline tourism, online exhibition sales, last year's operating income exceeded 600 million yuan.
Similar to the Taoxichuan Cultural and Creative Block, in recent years, some places have tried first, combined with resource characteristics and historical inheritance, and explored new ways of protecting and utilizing industrial heritage with unique characteristics.
Continue the function and activate the utilization.
"Although some old factories and old equipment are 'rusted', they still have production capacity and are 'living' industrial heritage." Liu Boying, associate professor at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, for example, like Luoyang Yituo in equipment manufacturing and Zigong in traditional handicrafts Industrial heritage such as salt wells, after being repaired, protected, transformed and utilized, is transforming from a single production to a comprehensive format integrating production, leisure tourism, and scientific research, which has excavated and enhanced the value of industrial heritage.
Change functions, use old things new.
Many industrial heritages no longer have the function of production. By introducing new functions such as commercial office, cultural industry, and scientific and technological research and development, they can also usher in a new life.
For example, Beijing 798 Park has been transformed into an art space, and an 80,000-ton silo in Shanghai Minsheng Wharf has been transformed into a giant indoor exhibition hall.
"In recent years, by publishing the national industrial heritage list, we have rescued a number of important industrial relics." The relevant person in charge of the Department of Industrial Policy and Regulations of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that at present, my country's industrial heritage protection and utilization methods include industrial tourism, industrial parks , urban complexes, museums, open spaces, education bases, film and television bases, etc., "By building industrial sites into new cultural life spaces that integrate urban memory, knowledge dissemination, creative culture, and leisure experience, it can promote enterprise transformation, Urban renewal, regional economic development.”
To promote the "living" of industrial heritage, we must pay attention to mining cultural connotations and enhance the willingness of market players to participate
Awakening a long-dormant industrial heritage is no easy task.
During the interview, the reporter learned that although the protection and utilization of industrial heritage has achieved positive results, there are still some problems to be solved.
On the one hand, it is necessary to pay attention to excavating cultural connotations while transforming architectural entities.
"To turn an old factory into a cultural industry place cannot rely on a simple 'backdoor'. Only by injecting 'spirit' can it be sustainable for a long time." Feng Jun told reporters that in the renovation of the Taoxichuan Cultural and Creative District, in order to vividly reproduce the ceramic culture, the relevant personnel He has collected and sorted out the oral histories of many potters, and launched the "Record of Potters" by digital means. "These measures, which do not seem to directly generate economic benefits, will build a unique heritage of industrial heritage."
Not just reproducing traditional culture, some industrial heritage realizes functional transformation by exploring spiritual connotation.
In Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, the national aerospace spiritual and cultural area built on the former site of Hongguanggou Aerospace Academy has become a patriotic education base in Shaanxi Province; in Leshan City, Sichuan Province, Peng Shilu, the "model of the times", has been restored by repairing and transforming the old site. Deeds Exhibition Hall, China's first-generation nuclear submarine research and development experimental base is becoming a scientific and cultural tourism town integrating education, popular science research, cultural relics protection and cultural and creative tourism.
"At present, some industrial heritage protection and utilization focus on architectural renovation and landscape design, and the research on its inherent historical value, social value and artistic value is not deep, and it needs to be improved in the future." Chang Qianwei thinks.
"Unlike the cultural relics that people are familiar with, industrial heritage is a comprehensive concept, including production, living and supporting facilities." In Liu Boying's view, the protection and utilization of industrial heritage requires relevant departments and enterprises to study the technological process more deeply and find key nodes. And protect it, spread the industrial culture and enhance the economic value while showing the whole picture of production.
On the other hand, it is also necessary to effectively enhance the willingness of market players to participate.
Compared with rebuilding, the cost of retrofitting an old factory is not necessarily lower, and the payback period is longer.
Many industrial heritages are located in third- and fourth-tier cities, and cultural consumption is still in the growth stage, making it more difficult to operate.
"To better stimulate the enthusiasm of market players, we must further rationalize the mechanism." Liu Boying said, for example, at present, the property rights and land use changes of some industrial heritage construction land are still unclear, and some industrial heritage buildings have high design specifications. To a certain extent, factors restrict the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate, and also affect the level of protection and utilization of industrial heritage, which needs to be further solved in the future.”
In recent years, there have been some places to explore first, and strive to clear the "blocking points" of the mechanism.
For example, in Jingdezhen, the protection and utilization of industrial heritage is incorporated into the overall urban planning, and the nature of land use and design specifications are regulated from top to bottom, so that market players dare to invest and operate in the long-term.
Hierarchical and multi-party cooperation to promote the creative transformation of industrial heritage and innovative development
Involving mining, machinery, metallurgy, chemical industry, textile, energy, aviation, aerospace, electronics, communications, transportation and other industries, the industrial heritage is not only rich in categories and forms, but also huge in scale.
"According to incomplete statistics, there are still nearly 1,000 industrial heritage sites in the country. The protection and utilization work is still in its infancy." The relevant person in charge of the Department of Industrial Policy and Regulations of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that at present, all sectors of society have formed a wide range of efforts to strengthen the protection and utilization of industrial heritage. The consensus is that in the future, the government will continue to increase social participation and promote the creative transformation and innovative development of industrial heritage.
Hierarchical grading allows more industrial heritage to be protected and utilized.
"Industrial heritage is often located in the center of the city and occupies a large scale. If it is not effectively used, it will cause waste of resources." Qianwei believes that value assessment should be carried out first, and bold exploration and innovation should be carried out on the basis of reasonable protection. . The parts with higher comprehensive value are under key protection, and other parts should be renovated to expand the space for reuse.
At present, the hierarchical protection and utilization mechanism of industrial heritage in various places has gradually formed.
In the next step, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will support local identification of industrial heritage, and form a hierarchical protection and utilization system, so that more industrial heritage can be protected and utilized.
At the same time, social capital will be encouraged to set up cultural industry funds, participate in the construction of projects such as the protection and utilization of industrial heritage, and actively explore unique modes of activation and utilization of industrial heritage.
Multi-party collaboration to incorporate the protection and utilization of industrial heritage into the overall urban renewal planning.
"Some valuable industrial heritage may not be protected and utilized in a timely manner, or the renovation and construction are 'flash-in-the-pan'. To solve this problem, the protection and utilization work should be incorporated into the overall urban planning to make it more scientific, standardized and sustainable." Qian Wei analyze.
"Industrial remnants of some heavily polluting industries may cause pollution if they are not properly handled during development and utilization." Liu Boying added that this requires the intervention of the environmental protection department to reduce development risks through professional assessment.
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology stated that in the future, it will strengthen communication and cooperation with local government departments, industry associations and alliances, and play the role of a public service platform to jointly promote the protection and utilization of industrial heritage, the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, the innovation and development of industries, and the improvement of urban functions.
At the same time, the promotion of industrial heritage will be intensified, and the world cultural heritage will be declared by recommending industrial heritage with outstanding value, so as to better promote Chinese culture to go global.
Our reporter Han Xin