2021年6月，国家实施三孩生育政策，各地都出台了一系列配套支持政策，但是2021年我国的出生人口仍旧在下降，有声音质疑政策和支持没奏效。
在1月20日国家卫生健康委举办的例行新闻发布会上，国家卫健委人口家庭司副司长杨金瑞回应时指出，人口再生产与物质再生产不同，周期长、影响因素多，短期内很难有明显效果。对于人口生育率的转变，期待政策“立竿见影”不科学。
那么，为什么我国新生人口数量持续走低？对于“不想生”“生不起”的意愿，政策如何改变？
我国育龄妇女打算生几个娃？
2020年开展的第七次全国人口普查数据显示，2020年我国育龄妇女总和生育率为1.3，在经济发达省份，这一数据更低，例如，浙江省的总和生育率为1.0左右。
这里有一个专有名词——总和生育率，用来反映一个育龄女性到49岁时究竟生育了几个孩子。国际上通常认为， 1.5左右是总和生育率的一条警戒线。
与此同时，相关部门对育龄妇女平均打算生育子女数进行了调查，2017年调查结果为1.76个，2019年为1.73个，2021年为1.64个，生育意愿也持续走低。
中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心副主任宋健分析，近年来，我国生育率下降比较迅速，一方面由于进入育龄期的妇女数量在缩减，另一方面是群众生育意愿走低、婚育年龄推迟、新冠肺炎疫情冲击等因素共同影响的结果。
未来一段时期，育龄女性不仅总数下降，而且年龄结构趋于老化。这是由于1997年后出生的、进入育龄期的女性数量减少，尤其是20—34岁生育旺盛期育龄女性规模在2030年前下降明显。而1981—1997年间高出生队列作为主体，年龄结构趋于老化，给出生人口带来较大下行压力。
其他影响因素方面，受教育年限长，就业竞争压力大，婚育推迟现象突出等增加了女性终身不婚的可能性，进一步抑制了生育水平。从数据上看，这一影响使得一孩总和生育率下降抵消了二孩总和生育率的上升。
哪几招让人更想生娃？
How can we make people want to have babies more?
There are many common methods in the world.
"From a global perspective, Europe was the first to experience a fertility transition, with the fertility rate dropping from a high level to a low level." Song Jian said that at present, most countries and regions in the world are facing the challenge of low fertility and have also adopted Various measures to deal with low fertility rate can be divided into three categories in general: the first category is time support, including maternity leave, parental leave, paternity leave and other related leave systems; the second category is economic support, including providing children, families Allowances, care allowances for parents, tax relief and other policies; the third category is service support, including community childcare, childcare institutions, home help, after-school care, etc.
Due to the different economic, political and cultural backgrounds of different countries, the policies adopted are of different emphases and combinations.
Song Jian believes that for China, policies to promote gender equality, balance work-family conflicts, and promote family development are all helpful for raising fertility levels.
Since the implementation of the three-child birth policy in my country, various localities and departments have actively introduced a series of supporting measures by canceling social maintenance fees and other restrictive measures, including the “double reduction” of education, the inclusion of special tax deductions for infant care services under the age of 3, and the inclusion of three-child care services. Maternity insurance benefits, inclusive childcare services, prenatal and postnatal care services, raising the standard of assistance for special families, etc.
At present, 25 provinces have completed the revision of the regulations, and some provinces have formulated implementation plans.
Free birth of children, housing subsidies, a wave of benefits
In Zhejiang, in order to improve the housing conditions after the birth of a child, the local government has optimized the affordable housing rationing mechanism, giving preference to families with multiple children, increasing the housing provident fund loan amount for families with three children and giving priority to lending.
Cao Qifeng, deputy director of the Zhejiang Provincial Health and Health Commission, introduced that both husband and wife have ten days of parental leave each year within the age of 3 for their children, and wages, bonuses, and other benefits are all paid.
In Panzhihua, Sichuan, pregnant and lying-in women enjoy free hospital delivery services, and a monthly subsidy of 500 yuan for child-rearing is provided to eligible families.
Xu Junfeng, deputy mayor of the People's Government of Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province, said that although the money is not much, it can solve some of the "milk powder money".
In Suzhou, Jiangsu, the government not only supports the inclusive construction of kindergartens, but also supports communities and units to provide inclusive childcare services.
Sheng Le, Secretary of the Party Group and Director of the Suzhou Municipal Health Commission of Jiangsu Province, said, "Suzhou provides a subsidy of 10,000 yuan for construction funds and a subsidy of 300-800 yuan per month for the socially-run inclusive nursery institutions that have been put on record. Achieving the target of 4.5 childcare places per 1,000 population."
"After the implementation of the three-child policy, various localities have actively explored and introduced supporting measures, which have been welcomed by the masses." Yang Jinrui called on more localities to focus on the people's urgency and hope in fertility education and education in light of the actual local conditions, and to speed up the research and introduction of positive support measures.