A new analysis of data from US military recruits suggests
multiple sclerosis (MS),
considered to be of unknown cause, is a complication of
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection,
researchers report in the journal
Science .
.
This virus is the cause of
mononucleosis,
also called '
kissing disease'.
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of
the central nervous system.
The underlying cause of this disease is not known, but
the Epstein-Barr virus is thought to be a possible culprit.
However, most people infected with this common virus do not develop multiple sclerosis, and causality of this disease in humans cannot be directly demonstrated.
Using data from more than 10 million US military recruits
monitored
over a 20-year period, 955 of whom were diagnosed with MS during their service,
Harvard University researcher Kjetil Bjornevik
and his team put tests the hypothesis that MS is caused by EBV.
They found that
the risk
of developing MS in individuals who were EBV-negative
increased 32
-fold after EBV infection.
"These results cannot be explained by any known risk factors and
suggest that EBV is the main cause of MS," say the authors.
They point out that one of the most effective treatments for MS is
anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies
and that targeting EBV directly
could have great advantages
compared to anti-CD20-based therapies, which have to be given by intravenous infusion and can increase the risk of infections.
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