A new analysis of data from US military recruits suggests

multiple sclerosis (MS),

considered to be of unknown cause, is a complication of

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection,

researchers report in the journal

Science .

.

This virus is the cause of

mononucleosis,

also called '

kissing disease'.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of

the central nervous system.

The underlying cause of this disease is not known, but

the Epstein-Barr virus is thought to be a possible culprit.

However, most people infected with this common virus do not develop multiple sclerosis, and causality of this disease in humans cannot be directly demonstrated.

Using data from more than 10 million US military recruits

monitored

over a 20-year period, 955 of whom were diagnosed with MS during their service,

Harvard University researcher Kjetil Bjornevik

and his team put tests the hypothesis that MS is caused by EBV.

They found that

the risk

of developing MS in individuals who were EBV-negative

increased 32

-fold after EBV infection.

"These results cannot be explained by any known risk factors and

suggest that EBV is the main cause of MS," say the authors.

They point out that one of the most effective treatments for MS is

anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies

and that targeting EBV directly

could have great advantages

compared to anti-CD20-based therapies, which have to be given by intravenous infusion and can increase the risk of infections.

According to the criteria of The Trust Project

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