What are the blood groups, and which blood groups are considered a general future, and what are the proportions of blood groups, and what are the rare blood groups, and is there a relationship between blood groups and food?
What are the blood groups?
Blood type (also known as blood groups or types) is a mechanism for classifying blood types, and is performed to determine the type of blood that a person can receive, and when organ donation.
The type of blood type depends on the presence or absence of certain proteins on the red blood cells, and these proteins are called antigens, and the blood type is determined by heredity from the parents.
Types of blood types
There are two classifications of blood groups, and they overlap:
ABO: There are 4 blood types, which are type O, type A, type B, and type AB.
– Rh: where there are two types, Rh-positive blood and Rh-negative.
Each person's blood type is a mixture of two classifications, such as A Rh positive, and O Rh negative.
Which blood types are the future of the year?
Blood type AB + Rh positive is received by all types.
AB blood type Rh-negative receives from all types of Rh-negative.
Blood types and donation
The blood type is known to determine the type of blood that a person can receive when transfusion or organ transfusion. If the transfused blood is not appropriate, the immune system prepares it as a foreign body and attacks it, which leads to complications.
Depending on your blood type, the type of blood that can be transfused for you is:
If your blood type is Rh+positive, you will receive Rh+positive and Rh-negative, taking into account the ABO type.
If your blood type is Rh-negative, you will receive Rh-negative only, taking into account the ABO type.
Blood type A receives only A and O, subject to the Rh factor.
Blood type B receives only B and O, subject to the Rh factor.
Blood type AB receives all types, taking into account the Rh factor.
Blood type O receives from O only, taking into account the Rh factor.
Rh factor O negative blood is given to all blood types.
Rh factor O positive blood is given to all Rh positive blood types.
Blood types and marriage
Your blood type does not affect your ability to have and maintain a happy and healthy marriage, according to a report in healthline.
There are some cases regarding blood type compatibility in the event of having children, but there are options during pregnancy that can help in facing these risks, which we will talk about in the next paragraph.
It is important to know your husband/wife's blood type, as you may need to donate blood to them in an emergency.
Blood types and pregnancy
One of the first tests a pregnant woman should expect is a blood type check.
This test checks for her blood type and Rh factor.
A pregnant Rh factor may play a role in her baby's health, so it's important to know this information early in the pregnancy, according to the KidsHealth website.
If a woman who is Rh-negative becomes pregnant from her Rh-positive husband, the fetus's blood may be Rh-negative, and that is inherited from the father.
About half of children born to an Rh-negative mother and a Rh-positive father will be Rh-negative.
Rh incompatibility is usually not a problem if this is the mother's first pregnancy, because the baby's blood does not normally enter the mother's circulation during pregnancy.
But during childbirth, the mother's and baby's blood can mix.
If this happens, the mother's body will recognize the Rh protein as a foreign substance, and she may start making antibodies against the Rh protein.
Pregnant women who are Rh-negative can be exposed to the Rh protein, which can cause antibodies to be produced in other ways as well.
They include:
Transfusions with Rh positive blood.
Abortion.
ectopic pregnancy
When is a child at risk?
Rh antibodies are harmless until a second pregnancy or later. If the mother becomes pregnant with another Rh-positive child, her antibodies will recognize the Rh proteins on the surface of the child's blood cells as foreign, and her antibodies will move into the child's bloodstream and attack those cells.
This can cause a child's red blood cells to swell and rupture.
This is known as hemolytic disease or Rh disease of the newborn, which can make a baby's blood count too low.
How is the treatment of the incompatibility of the Rh factor?
If a pregnant woman is Rh negative and there is a possibility of Rh incompatibility (because her husband is Rh positive), doctors give her two injections of Rh immune-globulin during her first pregnancy.
You will get:
The first injection is in the 28th week of pregnancy.
The second injection within 72 hours of birth.
Rh immune globulin works like a vaccine, preventing the mother's body from making any Rh antibodies that could cause serious health problems for the newborn or affect future pregnancies.
A woman may also get a dose of Rh immune globulin if she had a miscarriage, amniocentesis, or any bleeding during pregnancy.
If a doctor finds that a woman has already developed Rh antibodies, her pregnancy will be closely monitored to make sure these levels are not too high.
In rare cases, if the incompatibility is severe and the baby is at risk, the baby can have special blood transfusions called transfusions either before birth (intrauterine transfusions) or after birth.
Blood transfusions replace the child's blood with Rh-negative blood cells.
This stabilizes the level of red blood cells and reduces damage from Rh antibodies in the baby's bloodstream.
blood transfusions
Transfusion of the wrong type of blood product can lead to a fatal toxic reaction, and hence the details of transfusions for different blood types.
If you have blood type AB+, you are a universal recipient and can receive red blood cells from all donors.
If you have type O- blood, you are a universal donor and can donate red blood cells to anyone.
If you have blood type A, you can receive red blood cells of blood type A or O.
If you have type B blood, you can receive red blood cells from type B or O blood.
Rh+ or Rh- blood can be given to those with Rh+, but if you're Rh-, you can only receive Rh-.
blood group ratios
According to the Stanford School of Medicine in the US:
People with blood type O+ represent about 37.4% of the adult population.
People with blood type O- represent about 6.6% of the adult population.
People with blood type A+ represent about 35.7% of the adult population.
People with blood type A- represent about 6.3% of the adult population.
People with blood type B+ represent about 8.5% of the adult population.
People with blood type B- represent about 1.5% of the adult population.
People with blood type AB+ represent about 3.4% of the adult population.
People with blood type AB- represent about 0.6% of the adult population.
Blood types and personality
In Japan, there is an alleged theory about blood type personality, and the theory claims that blood type is an important indicator of a person's personality.
It was introduced in the 1920s by psychologist Tokiji Furukawa.
The theory suggests that each blood type has specific personality traits:
A well-organised.
B selfish.
O optimistic.
AB eccentric.
However, according to a 2015 study, there is no scientific consensus on any relationship between personality traits or marital compatibility and blood groups.
Blood types and food
According to statements made by the dietician at Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar, Dr. Raed Al-Alaween, to the Al Jazeera Clinic program, there is no relationship between blood type and a particular diet, and what is rumored about this issue is incorrect and has no scientific basis.
Rare blood types
Everyone knows the blood groups "A", "B" and "O" negative or positive, but there are many other blood groups, including what is very rare.
The traditional ABO classification with Rh positive or Rh negative system includes 8 groups that meet 98% of the transfusion requirements: A+, A-, B+, and B -”, “AB+”, “AB-”, “or +”, and “or -”.
But this classification is not sufficient to reflect the true diversity of blood groups;
There are, in fact, 380 families, including 250 considered rare, that were counted according to other classification methods, according to a report published by Agence France-Presse.
Therefore, a person can be a carrier of a rare blood group even if he is classified into one of the eight classic groups, and discovering this requires in-depth analyzes of the precise genetic characteristics.
Some groups are extremely rare, and this is the case with the blood group called "Bombay" (one in a million people in Europe) or "zero rhesus" (about 50 individuals in the world).
Professor Jacques Chiaroni, of the French Blood Foundation, told AFP that rare groups are "identified by two factors: their frequency is less than 0.4% in the general population, as well as the lack of an alternative to blood transfusion."
In France, where rare groups are found for genetic reasons mainly in people of African roots (including Africa, the Antilles or the Indian Ocean), and according to the French Blood Foundation, there are between 700 thousand and one million people with rare blood groups.
Only 10% of them are aware of the topic.
Greater diversity in Africa
In the case of a blood transfusion, these people should receive blood as close to their own as possible;
Because whatever blood type we have, the incompatibility "makes the transfusion minimally ineffective, or at worst it can even lead to death," Chiaroni says.
The specificity of the blood type for a particular geographical area is the result of man's adaptation to his environment, which has shaped its genetic characteristics over the centuries.
Chiaroni stressed that "the genetic diversity is greater in Africa, where the population has existed from a much longer time because humans appeared there."
The global spread of these blood groups is linked to migration, and the populations of all regions are concerned, and Chiaroni cites a group in Eurasia “whose distribution correlates with the Mongol expansion in the 13th century.”
A collection that is rare in one place may not necessarily be so in another.
"I have rhesus negative, and in China I am one of the people who cannot receive blood," Chiaroni said, because this characteristic is rare there, while it belongs to 15% of Europeans.
Because of the shortage of stocks, it may be necessary to import the rare blood;
This is what recently happened to a child who was going to undergo a bone marrow transplant in France and had blood brought in from the United States.
Avoid stigmatization
A person with a rare blood group can be discovered by chance, during a pre-transfusion test or during a diagnostic test campaign.
And then contact with his relatives because it is possible that they have the same blood type.
Patients with sickle cell anemia, a disease that primarily affects the blood, affects people of African descent, and requires periodic transfusions, especially urgent needs are recorded.
Leticia Duvois, a 31-year-old from the Antilles, suffers from this disease and has a rare blood type, although she is classified as "B+".
"Two years ago, my body rejected B-positive blood that did not fully match my blood type," she told AFP.
"Sickle cell disease is causing complications in the bones, with the need for more surgeries and blood transfusions. My ability to walk is partly due to the blood transfusions," added the young woman, whose association "Dreapacker" supports patients.
The question of rare blood groups is a sensitive issue, and can give way to racial, even racial, interpretations that erroneously conclude that black and white blood is incompatible.
"Stigma must be avoided," Chiaroni stressed. "Every day we have Europeans who receive blood from donors of African descent and vice versa."