The Ministry of Ecology and Environment is involved in the investigation of "closing kangs and stoves" in the promotion of clean heating projects in some areas

　　Cleaning and heating cannot be "one size fits all"

　　Our reporter Li Yunshu Guan Xiaopu

　　Recently, the ancient city of Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province ignored the heating effect in the promotion of clean heating projects, and even adopted extreme measures such as banning wood burning and sealing kangs and stoves, causing some people to suffer from cold and freezing, causing public concern.

　　The Central Economic Work Conference emphasized that leading economic work must respect objective reality and the needs of the masses, and must have systematic thinking and scientific planning.

While promoting the clean and heating work steadily, it is necessary to ensure that the people are not exposed to the cold.

As the local people said, “Clean heating and renovation is a good thing, and everyone supports it, but it cannot be'one size fits all'”.

With the advancement of projects such as "coal-to-gas" and "coal-to-electricity" projects, the lessons exposed in some places are sobering.

　　The ancient city of Shanhaiguan now has a “one size fits all” phenomenon for clean heating. The “ban on firewood and sealing stoves” caused the people to suffer from freezing, and local rectification has been initiated.

　　"You can't burn wood! Don't let the smoke, we didn't. The people just stood up, nothing!"

　　Recently, the Central Broadcasting Corporation's Voice of China exposed the incident that "the ban on firewood and stoves in the ancient city of Shanhaiguan caused the elderly to cry."

The report pointed out that the reporter came to a home in the Wutiao Hutong of the ancient city at 12 noon on December 17, and the thermometer showed that the temperature of his home was less than 7 degrees.

　　According to previous reports, many local residents reported to the media that in the past two years, the local area has promoted clean heating, and has even taken measures such as blocking stoves in order to completely ban coal and wood burning.

Although the local government has distributed electric heaters and electric mattresses free of charge to promote clean heating, on the one hand, the heating effect is not good. "The radiator is turned on and the temperature does not rise." "On the other hand, the cost of using electricity for heating for 24 hours is relatively high.

　　The ancient city of Shanhaiguan is an old city with a history of more than 600 years. Among the about 4,300 houses in the ancient city, about 1,700 households live in winter, of which only 265 households have central heating. There are many elderly people, many bungalows, and many families with difficulties in life.

　　According to the official website of Shanhaiguan District, starting in 2019, the ancient city area began to implement "coal-to-electricity", bidding farewell to the decades-long coal-fired heating method.

　　Some people reported that since this year, the local environmental protection control has been upgraded, and the burning of firewood has been banned in the entire region.

Is firewood a highly polluting fuel?

According to the "High-Pollution Fuel Catalog" issued by the former Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2017, auxiliary fuels such as industrial waste and garbage, agricultural and forestry residues, and charcoal used in the catering industry are not within the scope of control of the catalog, and the local and relevant departments have not released it. Announcement prohibiting burning wood for heating.

　　In December last year, the "Shanhaiguan District Ancient City Protection and Development Center" issued a message stating that the center "deeped into the merchants (enterprises) on the four streets of the ancient city to conduct publicity, education and detailed inspections to prevent coal burning and wood burning for heating"; in November this year, Shanhaiguan District The Eco-Environmental Branch also pointed out that “the problem of burning wood and kang must be completely solved on the premise of ensuring the people’s heating problem”.

　　After the incident was exposed, the local area has initiated rectification and implemented a free policy for residents in the ancient city to register and purchase electricity, water, heating, and heating. The installer subsidized about 1,500 yuan.

Liu Youyou, the head of Shanhaiguan District, said, “Some of the policies issued by the government may not be implemented in full accordance with the original intention when the policy was formulated during the specific implementation process, resulting in a “one size fits all” phenomenon.

　　Liu Youyou said that after many professional and technical demonstrations, it is not realistic to implement centralized heating and natural gas in the ancient city.

"One is that everyone's houses are relatively old; the other is that they are more crowded and the underground pipe network is intricate, making it impossible to lay the heat pipe network." He also said that the district government is planning to gradually implement air-energy heat pumps in the ancient city to ensure that the people in the ancient city stay warm through the winter.

　　Currently, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has organized investigations to understand the situation and urged rapid rectification.

A spokesperson for the Ministry of Ecology and Environment pointed out that “clean heating in the northern region is a livelihood project. First of all, we must ensure that the people stay warm during the winter as the bottom line. "

　　If the implementation of the policy is not humane and unreasonable, it will inevitably arouse the people’s resentment, and it will be difficult to achieve the expected results.

　　Professor Zhang Yuanxun’s team has been engaged in air pollution monitoring and analysis in North China for a long time.

He told reporters that the sources of air pollution in North China generally fall into the following categories: one is coal combustion, including industrial boilers, household coal, etc.; the other is motor vehicle exhaust emissions; and the third is fugitive dust, including accumulated dust and short-term sandstorms. ; The fourth is biomass burning, mainly wood burning, straw burning, forest fires, etc.; the fifth is various types of industrial emissions.

In addition to the above-mentioned primary source pollution, there is also the secondary source pollution generated by the reaction of various substances in the air, that is, the VOCs (volatile organic compounds) that have been emphasized in the past two years. This is also one of the important precursors for the generation of PM2.5. one.

　　Zhang Yuanxun said that with the strengthening of the control of straw burning, the proportion of air pollution from biomass burning continues to decrease, roughly around 10%, with great differences in different regions and seasons.

　　In recent years, my country's environmental monitoring network has become increasingly complete.

Chen Shanrong, head of the China National Environmental Monitoring Station, said that the environmental air monitoring network is divided into four levels: national, provincial, municipal, and district (county), covering urban environmental air quality monitoring, regional environmental air quality monitoring, background environmental air quality monitoring, and acid rain monitoring. , Sand and dust affect multiple functions such as air quality monitoring, atmospheric particulate matter composition/photochemical monitoring and so on.

At the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the national atmospheric particulate matter monitoring network will cover cities with excessive PM2.5 standards across the country.

It is understood that in addition to the ambient air monitoring network on the ground, aerial satellite remote sensing can also detect pollution problems such as straw burning in time. Through the "air-ground" integrated monitoring system, it can provide more accurate atmospheric monitoring and more timely warnings.

　　"In the past, when the air pollution situation was the most severe, the burning of biomass used for heating and cooking in households was not the focus of pollution control. Enterprises such as steel, ceramics, and glass were the main contradictions. In recent years, various localities have strictly controlled these "big polluters". , Air quality has been significantly improved, and scattered pollution has become a new focus of pollution control." Zhang Yuanxun said that compared with the sensitive response of enterprises to policies, the burning of wood that involves the daily lives of the people is indeed more difficult to manage.

"If the implementation of the policy is not humane and unreasonable, it will inevitably arouse the people's resentment, and it will be difficult to achieve the expected results."

　　Regarding the increase in the cost of living of the people after the clean heating renovation, Feng Xiangzhao, deputy director of the Energy and Environmental Policy Research Department of the Environmental and Economic Policy Research Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that this situation exists objectively and needs to be taken seriously.

“Economic cost is an important factor influencing clean heating.” Clean heating renovation should be carefully grasped, and based on the economic affordability of the masses, comprehensive consideration of local finance and resource endowments and other factors, follow the affordable, government support, and sustainable operation. Principles, formulate a scientific bidding procurement, subsidy and evaluation mechanism.

　　According to a 2018 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association, indoor air pollution caused by the use of coal and wood (solid fuel) for cooking and heating can significantly increase the risk of death from coronary heart disease and stroke.

Zhang Yuanxun believes that “we should increase publicity and let the people understand that changing the heating method is not only clean and environmentally friendly, saves effort and trouble, but also benefits their health.”

　　The clean heating renovation is a systematic project, which needs to be adapted to local conditions, accurately planned, arranged in advance, and steadily promoted to truly realize "the people can afford it and the government can afford it."

　　Is the contradiction between mass heating and environmental protection irreconcilable?

In 2019, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment pointed out that in the promotion of clean heating, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will take as the first principle to ensure the warmth of the people through the winter.

　　In Feng Xiangzhao's view, clean heating renovation is a systematic project and cannot be accomplished overnight.

"For example, if you choose to change from coal to gas, you need to improve the management mechanism for transformation and formulate policies that benefit the people. Only the construction process includes planning and design, pipeline laying, safety supervision and other processes, not overnight. Similarly, choose coal to reform. Electricity’ is also facing challenges such as complex transformation processes and excessive subsidy dependence. It requires a concerted effort from multiple parties to promote it."

　　Not only is the selection and implementation of technical routes time-consuming, it is also important to carry out building energy-saving renovations for people’s houses.

"If the insulation conditions are not improved, it will not only affect the heating effect, but also increase energy consumption and increase costs." Feng Xiangzhao believes that if the local government is not adequately prepared, the "one size fits all" prohibition of the original heating method will undoubtedly affect the lives of ordinary people.

　　"On the one hand, it shows that some regions have a poor understanding of the central government's policies and have not kept up with environmental awareness; on the other hand, some areas still lack the ability to govern at the grassroots level." Feng Xiangzhao said.

　　"To achieve sustainable clean heating, it is necessary to adapt measures to local conditions, accurately plan, arrange in advance, and steadily advance to achieve'affordable by the people and affordable by the government'. Only by doing solid research and research, publicity and guidance are sufficient. Only when supporting measures are in place can the people really live a "green and warm winter"." Feng Xiangzhao said.

　　To promote clean heating, we must adhere to the principle of “first stand and then break, no stand and no break”, and coordinate the protection of people’s livelihood and energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on the actual situation, electricity is suitable for electricity, gas is suitable for gas, coal is suitable for coal, and heat is suitable for heat.

　　The Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that it is necessary to scientifically evaluate the new renewable energy and raw material energy use not included in the total energy consumption control, and create conditions to realize the transition from "dual control" of energy consumption to "dual control" of total carbon emissions and intensity as soon as possible. Accelerate the formation of an incentive and restraint mechanism for pollution reduction and carbon reduction to prevent simple layer-by-layer decomposition.

　　"Clean heating and warm wintering are both people's livelihood projects, and both people's livelihoods must be guaranteed." Wang Jinnan, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and dean of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that my country's energy structure is dominated by coal, and the level of clean utilization is still low. The problem of structural pollution is prominent.

About 20% of the country's coal is used for heating in rural areas without any environmental protection measures and for small and medium-sized coal-burning facilities that cannot stably meet the standards.

Therefore, the "Three-year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defense War" issued by the State Council in June 2018 requires that "starting from reality, if electricity is appropriate, then gas, if coal is appropriate, coal, or if heat is appropriate. hot".

All localities should choose to adopt a variety of clean heating methods in accordance with local conditions, not limited to "coal to gas", to reduce the pressure on gas supply.

　　"The'Four Appeals' are the judgments made in the practice of clean heating in the north. It is necessary to ensure the stability of the energy supply that supports economic growth and accelerate the energy transition on a stable basis." Luo Zuo, Director of the Research Office of the Sinopec Research Institute of Economics and Technology The county believes that it is necessary to actively create the "four suitable" heating conditions, if temporarily not available, burning wood for heating should also be allowed.

　　Since 2013, my country's smog control has achieved world-recognized results, and the air quality in key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has improved significantly.

The formulation of relevant policies basically follows the principle of "step-by-step", which reflects the idea of ​​first standing and then breaking.

In the process of promoting clean heating, my country also clearly proposes to insist on "first stand and then break, not stand no break".

On October 29, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment stated that if the new renovation this year has not been ventilated or connected to electricity, it will firmly not allow the removal of the original heating facilities. If the original coal is burned, it will be burned. At the same time, it must ensure that the subsidy is in place.

　　Establishing and then breaking, not standing and not breaking, means that in the process of implementing clean heating projects, it is necessary to seek truth from facts and adjust measures to local conditions to ensure that the people can stay warm during the winter.

Whether it is to improve the environment or to ensure heating, it is for the benefit of the people.

Only by insisting on putting people as the center and speeding up the improvement of environmental quality, so that the people can enjoy the blue sky and white clouds, the twinkling of stars, the clear water and the green shore, the shallow fishes, the fragrance of birds and flowers, and the rural scenery, can we continuously improve the sense of gain and happiness in the beautiful ecological environment. ,sense of security.