All kinds of certificates can be "created" from birth to death

　　Begin the production and sale of counterfeit certificates, the black industry chain

　　● With the increase in law enforcement, there are fewer and fewer fake certificate advertisements for "certification + phone number" in real life, but online businesses producing and selling fake certificates are still rampant-resident ID cards, birth medical certificates, death certificates There are all kinds of documents and certificates, and it only costs a few yuan. A fake certificate can be sold for hundreds or even thousands of yuan.

　　● Death certificates, critical illness notices, etc. generally do not have anti-counterfeiting marks or QR codes. The authenticity only depends on the basic format and official seal, which is easy to forge. Unless specifically verified with the issuing unit, it is difficult to effectively prevent and detect

　　● To control the proliferation of false certificates, on the one hand, public security organs and supervisory departments need to strengthen law enforcement and resolutely investigate and deal with illegal and criminal acts of forging certification documents; on the other hand, the functional departments that produce and issue certificates and certification documents should improve the construction of information resource databases. Set up anti-counterfeiting marks and open convenient anti-counterfeiting verification channels

　　□ The reporter's trainee reporter Zhang Shoukun

　　□ Our reporter Zhao Li

　　"What certificate do I need to apply for?"

　　"Is it for leave?"

　　"What is the reason for issuing the death certificate?"

　　……

　　Behind every question mark, there may be a fake certificate transaction.

　　A recent investigation by a reporter from the Rule of Law Daily found that with the increase in law enforcement, there are fewer and fewer advertisements for "licensing + phone number" in real life, but online businesses producing and selling fake certificates are still rampant-resident status Certificates, birth medical certificates, driver’s licenses, sick leave slips, entry medical reports, poverty certificates, death certificates, etc. are all available, and only a few dollars in cost, a fake certificate can be sold for hundreds or even thousands of dollars. .

　　How did this black industry chain of producing and selling fake certificates come into being, and how to cut it off?

　　Hidden crime

　　Customize everything on demand

　　The news about the manufacture and sale of fake certificates is not new.

Nowadays, with the continuous crackdown by relevant departments and the upgrading of interception measures on some platforms, merchants who buy and sell fake documents or certificates are stealthily and "concealed crimes" in the gray area.

　　"Filter keywords" is the most obvious change.

Previously, in some online e-commerce platforms, search engines, etc., it was not difficult to find related products by entering keywords such as “Proof Baby" or "Sorry, no product was found".

　　However, after changing frequently used keywords such as "certificate" or moving through search engine pages, some online shops that manufacture and sell fake certificates can still be found.

And after entering some keywords, the search bar will automatically suggest alternative search names. For example, entering "office" will suggest "offering a "professional", etc., after clicking the link, you can also find the website that produces and sells fake certificates. shop.

　　According to Xie Shu, an associate professor at the School of Criminal Justice of China University of Political Science and Law, in the past, the forgery of certificates was usually carried out in the form of "guerrillas," which was carried out on the flyover or under the bridge tunnel, and the scope was limited.

But now fake certificates can be traded on the online platform, not only the purchase method is simple, but the scope of "business" is also wider.

　　The reporter recently selected 5 online shops for fake certificates on the online e-commerce platform, and clicked on the customer service consultation details, and a message similar to "The product is special, no reply here, please add V: ×××××× for consultation and customization".

After adding a friend, the other party sent a message asking "what needs to be done".

　　When the reporter asked "whether a critical illness notice or death certificate can be issued", a seller replied that "the certificate can be issued, but the reason must be explained."

The reporter explained that "I want to ask for more money if I am personally injured, and I will not go to court." After hearing this, the other party refused and said: "This is easy to cause disputes, so don't open it."

　　Later, the reporter contacted another seller on the grounds of "borrowing an online loan and wanting to issue a death certificate to escape the other party's debt collection."

The other party immediately sent some samples, including the death certificate issued by the village (neighborhood) committee, the death medical certificate (inference) issued by the medical and health institution, the abnormal death certificate issued by the Public Security Bureau and even the funeral management department. The cremation certificate contains not only detailed personal information, but also the seal of the corresponding department.

　　The above-mentioned seller told reporters that dozens of people asked him every day to prove the start-up.

Cheap sick leave certificates cost only 50 to 60 yuan; birth certificates and death certificates range from 160 to 350 yuan; the most expensive are various academic qualifications, graduation certificates, etc., which require more than 1,000 yuan.

　　The reporter also bought a hospital medical certificate from a seller on the grounds of "taking leave from the unit."

After inquiring about the identity, hospital information and "what kind of illness", the other party quickly sent a photo of the diagnosis certificate, and said that it can be mailed nationwide for 10 yuan.

According to the seller, it is up to the buyer to decide whether to get sick and take a few days to recover.

　　He sent a picture of the "business scope" to the reporter, which was densely written with various certificates that could be opened, "one price for each one". There are more than 60 types in the sick column, including colonoscopy and gastroscopy. , ENT, MRI, ECG sheet, color Doppler ultrasound sheet, admission and discharge certificate, mental scale, surgical consent form, etc.

In addition, there are proofs of income, work, bank transaction details, residence certificates, and poverty certificates.

There are nearly a hundred types of certificates issued by the seller.

　　"As long as you can provide the sample format of the required certification and the required information, even if we have not done it before, you can still make the same certification." The five sellers contacted by the reporter almost unanimously stated.

The reporter found that in addition to domestic certification documents, they can also produce and sell ID cards and residence permits from some foreign countries.

　　Unscrupulous circulation of false certificates

　　Suspected of committing a crime

　　Do all kinds of fake certificates produced and sold by these sellers work in reality?

　　The reporter spent 60 yuan to purchase a "diagnosis certificate" for leave, and consulted with Ms. Liu, who has been engaged in human resources work in a certain unit in Beijing for many years.

She said that judging from the medical certificate submitted by others before, this certificate does not seem to be problematic and should be granted leave.

　　The reporter took a copy of the "Certificate of Medical Treatment issued by a Chongqing hospital" provided by the seller and consulted with a doctor in a third-class hospital in Beijing.

He said that from the surface, this fake medical certificate has no problems and has the basic elements. In order to be more realistic, some fakers will check the name of the visiting doctor in the hospital and imitate the doctor's notes.

But as long as you go to the hospital's registration room to check the medical records of the day, you will be able to know the true and false, and the online medical certificate can only be used as a cover.

　　According to Yang Junnan, a policeman from the Taogou Police Station of the Yongqiao Branch of the Suzhou City Public Security Bureau, Anhui Province, it is a very complicated matter to obtain a death certificate. To achieve a certain purpose through illegal means.

From the current point of view, the so-called many death certificates and birth certificates issued on behalf of others are crudely fabricated based on some certificate formats found online and privately engraved with official seals. The time is short, the cost is low, and they may also be suspected of illegal crimes.

　　Reporters inquired about the public case of China Judgment Documents.com and found that there have been many cases of administrative and criminal penalties for producing and selling counterfeit certificates or using the purchased counterfeit certificates.

　　For example, in 2020, Mao from Jingjiang, Taizhou, Jiangsu, was released on bail pending trial for a huge amount of fraud. In order to avoid punishment, he issued a "death certificate" for himself and sent it directly to the court. In the end, he was charged with fraud and forging official seals of the state. He was sentenced to 12 years in prison for both crimes.

　　According to Guo Xiaoming, a lawyer at the Shanghai Zhonglian (Chengdu) Law Firm, death certificates and birth certificates are generally issued by national government agencies and institutions, and many of the certificates bear official seals.

If a merchant forges such a certificate, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Public Security Administration Punishment Law and the Criminal Law, once verified, it will be subject to administrative detention and other public security penalties. It may also be suspected of forging, altering, or buying and selling official documents, certificates, and seals of state agencies.

　　Xie Shu also pointed out that people buy fake certificates for multiple purposes, such as changing civil rights and obligations, cheating insurance, tampering with age, and even evading punishment. They may be suspected of fraud, loan fraud, insurance fraud, etc., which need to be combined with specific circumstances. Analysis and judgment.

　　Multi-measures cohesive force

　　Cut off the "lifeline" of false certificates

　　The reporter's investigation found that the cost of making a fake certificate or a fake certificate is low, some only cost a few yuan, even if it contains a full set of related materials, the printing cost is only about 100 yuan.

　　How can fake certificates cost only a few yuan?

　　According to industry insiders, documents such as graduation certificates and ID cards can be searched online or have a built-in magnetic stripe. Even if the fake certificate is "realistic", it can be identified by certain means, but many certificates currently lack effective means of identification.

　　Xie Shu said that death certificates, critical illness notices, etc. generally do not have anti-counterfeiting marks or QR codes. The authenticity only depends on the basic format and official seal, which can be easily forged. Unless specifically verified with the issuing unit, it is difficult to effectively prevent and detect.

　　Soliciting "business" through social media and online shopping platforms has become the norm in this black industry chain.

So, what is the current supervision of the platform?

　　During the course of the investigation, the reporter discovered that a picture with the contact information for applying fake certificates appeared in a news report before, and the report has exposed the sale of fake certificates by the account.

However, on December 16th, the reporter found that this number could still be used normally, and contacted the other party at 9 o'clock that night.

The customer service of the account stated that they were still producing and selling fake certificates and sent many fake certificates samples.

The reporter learned from the customer service office that they have a special counterfeit factory, and a lot of people come to consult every day. Even if their contact information is in the previous news report, it did not have the slightest impact, and said, "This thing is not checked and can't be found. ".

　　Xie Shu believes that for the criminal acts of manufacturing and selling fake certificates through online stores, if the platform party lacks supervision, or should be supervised and fails to fulfill the supervision responsibility, it will bear legal responsibility.

Article 13 of the Electronic Commerce Law stipulates that the goods sold or services provided by e-commerce operators shall meet the requirements of protecting personal and property safety and environmental protection requirements, and shall not sell or provide goods or services that are prohibited by laws and administrative regulations.

　　Guo Xiaoming suggested that to control the proliferation of false certificates, on the one hand, the public security organs and supervisory departments need to strengthen law enforcement and resolutely investigate and deal with illegal and criminal acts of forging certification documents; on the other hand, the functional departments that produce and issue certificates and certification documents should improve their information. Resource library construction, setting up anti-counterfeiting marks, and opening convenient anti-counterfeiting verification channels.

Relevant departments must strengthen the linkage mechanism, realize information sharing and exchange when reviewing documents and materials, and increase penalties for forging certificates and certification documents, strengthen law popularization, and create a high-pressure situation in the whole society, and educate and guide the society. The public should not make or use forged documents and certifications.