Trainee reporter Sun Yu, our reporter Liu Yan and Cui Shuang
Since the opening of the National "13th Five-Year" Science and Technology Innovation Achievement Exhibition in the Beijing Exhibition Hall on October 21, the "high-precision" and "grounded" science and technology feast, it has welcomed batch after batch of "check-in" tourists.
In every corner of the exhibition, visitors have left their admiration for the "hard-core" scientific and technological achievements of the "nine worlds and five oceans".
"It's really comfortable to watch the country's technological progress!" This is the voice of the visitors.
On the afternoon of the 26th, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission came to the Beijing Exhibition Hall to visit the National "Thirteenth Five-Year" Science and Technology Innovation Achievement Exhibition.
He emphasized that during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, China's scientific and technological undertakings have accelerated their development, their innovation capabilities have been greatly improved, and a number of major scientific and technological achievements have been made in the fields of basic frontiers, strategic high-tech, and people's livelihood technology.
He encouraged science and technology workers across the country to be firm in innovation and self-confidence to seize innovation opportunities and accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.
The National "Thirteenth Five-Year" Science and Technology Innovation Achievement Exhibition has the theme of "Innovation-driven development towards a strong country in science and technology", divided into 12 exhibition areas, including general preface, a century of retrospect, basic research, high-tech, major special projects, agricultural science and technology, and social development. .
Through more than 1,300 physical objects, more than 200 models, etc., the major scientific and technological innovation achievements since the "13th Five-Year Plan" are displayed.
If science and technology thrive, the nation will thrive, and if science and technology are strong, the country will be strong.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has placed scientific and technological innovation at the core of the overall development of the country, and has issued a call to build a world scientific and technological power.
During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, what kind of report card did our science and technology career produce?
These "hard-core" scientific and technological achievements have been reviewed by General Secretary Xi Jinping as representatives.
High Altitude Cosmic Ray Observatory
The green and white fluorescent squares are staggered and arranged into a large circle, and in the center is a square building-this is a model of the "High Altitude Cosmic Ray Observatory" (LHAASO).
Its Chinese transliteration nickname is "拉索".
"The white square symbolizes the electromagnetic particle detector. The green square is the Miaozi detector." The introduction of the exhibition area told the reporter of Science and Technology Daily.
This "outer circle and inner square" national major scientific and technological infrastructure is located on Haizi Mountain, 4410 meters above sea level, in Daocheng County, Sichuan Province.
It covers an area of about 1.36 square kilometers, a one-square-kilometer array composed of 5195 electromagnetic particle detectors and 1188 muzi detectors, 78,000 square meters of water Cherenkov detectors, and 18 wide-angle Cherenkov telescopes in a staggered array. It is composed of a composite array composed of fabric, as well as a clock distribution and data system that supports the operation of the detector array, and general and supporting engineering components.
At present, the cable full array has been built and put into operation, which is the world's most sensitive ultra-high energy gamma telescope.
The cable was officially started in 2017, and the process equipment passed the acceptance in October this year.
Although the cable is "new", its energy is not small.
It adopts the strategy of “building while operating”. It has discovered the highest-energy gamma photons that have never been observed in human history within one year of operation. It has also discovered a number of galaxy gamma sources above subbeat electron volts, revealing the wide range of galaxies in the Milky Way. There is a "electron volt particle accelerator".
With its detection sensitivity far exceeding existing and under-developed gamma-ray telescopes in the world, it opened the window for ultra-high-energy gamma-ray observation and ushered in the era of "ultra-high-energy gamma astronomy".
Cao Zhen, chief scientist of Lasso and researcher of the Institute of High Energy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that Lasso’s core scientific goal is to explore the origin of high-energy cosmic rays and related cosmic evolution, evolution of high-energy celestial bodies, and dark matter research. Open a new chapter in the systematic development of high-energy cosmic ray physics, high-energy celestial radiation under extreme conditions, and new physics research.
Second Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Comprehensive scientific investigation and research
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the roof of the world, the water tower of Asia, the "third pole of the earth", an important ecological security barrier and strategic resource reserve base for China, and the birthplace of many major rivers in Asia.
In 1973, the first large-scale comprehensive scientific investigation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau kicked off.
More than 40 years later, the second Qinghai-Tibet scientific expedition was launched in Lhasa on August 19, 2017. General Secretary Xi Jinping specially sent a congratulatory letter. The captain of the examination team, the Ministry of Science and Technology approved the establishment of ten major tasks for the second comprehensive scientific investigation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
The second comprehensive scientific investigation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau focused on water, ecology and human activities.
"This time we want to find out what changes have taken place on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau." The introducer of the exhibition area told reporters.
Since its inception, the second comprehensive scientific investigation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has yielded fruitful results.
A paper and a dozen reports in the exhibition area symbolize the phased results of the second scientific expedition in Asian water towers, ecological barriers, biodiversity, etc.: The total water volume of water towers in Asia is estimated to exceed 9 trillion for the first time. Fang; calculations found that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a surplus of 35 million tons of carbon sinks each year; revealed the overall improvement of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecosystem; found key evidence of the continued activities of the Denisovans and prehistoric humans on the plateau 190,000 years ago; established the landscape A scientific research platform for integrated protection, restoration and management of grass, sand and ice in Lintian Lake.
This scientific expedition is of great significance in serving major projects and regional development such as the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, and comprehensively supporting the ecological environment protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the construction of ecological civilization highlands.
National new generation
Artificial Intelligence Open Innovation Platform
The whole car adopts smart glass, which can change color according to the external light and the needs of the car owner; there is no steering wheel and pedals in the car, and a huge display screen in front can realize the intelligent interaction between people and cars... What will the future car be?
"Automobile robots" let the audience of the National "13th Five-Year" Science and Technology Innovation Achievement Exhibition get a glimpse.
"Through the support and guidance of major projects of scientific and technological innovation 2030-the'new generation of artificial intelligence', with the input of the whole society, various departments and localities, China has formed a strong momentum for the development of AI applications." On-site staff said that at present , China has initially formed a relatively complete AI chip, development framework, software environment and other independent and controllable basic software and hardware systems, and built an AI open source community that is in line with international standards.
With enterprises as the mainstay, an open innovation platform has been established in key vertical fields such as autonomous driving, intelligent voice, and medical imaging.
Among them, the "autonomous driving platform" has entered the world's first camp for autonomous driving, with a test mileage of 16 million kilometers, 400,000 people on board, and more than 210 partners.
The development of a new generation of artificial intelligence is a matter of whether our country can take the lead in the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation. The fast-developing artificial intelligence technology and industry have obviously become a dazzling new "Chinese business card".
Syngas from coal
Direct production of high-value chemicals
The simulation exhibits for direct production of high-value chemicals from coal through synthesis gas are formed by a series of chemical test tubes.
In the chemical test tube, the green signal light is flashing. With the bright "full screen" green light, it attracts many tourists to stop and watch.
The exhibitor said that China’s chemical production consumes about 120 million tons of crude oil every year.
Combining China's coal-rich, oil-deficient, and low-gas fossil resource endowments, it is of great strategic significance to transform coal into high-value chemicals in a clean and efficient manner.
The catalytic process of direct production of low-carbon olefins from coal via synthesis gas adopts an original oxide-molecular sieve coupling catalyst, which realizes one-step efficient conversion of coal via synthesis gas, and theoretically solves the century-old problem of the traditional Fischer-Tropsch synthesis route that consumes a large amount of process water. , Broke through the theoretical limit that the target product selectivity is insurmountable, and is hailed as a "milestone" new development in the field of coal conversion.
This technology creates a new way of clean and efficient coal conversion in line with the characteristics of China's resource endowment, abandoning the process water cycle, shortening the process flow, and reducing carbon emissions. It will effectively promote the low-carbon use of fossil energy under China's "dual carbon" goal.
Integrated circuit equipment
"The General Secretary's visit gave us a lot of encouragement." When General Secretary Xi Jinping visited the National "Thirteenth Five-Year" Science and Technology Innovation Achievement Exhibition, he came to the front of integrated circuit equipment. Teacher Ye Tianchun, a researcher at the Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is still excited.
"At the Twelfth Five-Year Achievement Exhibition in 2016, the general secretary urged us that the more difficult the technology, the more we must persist in tackling tough problems." He recalled, "this time the general secretary still encouraged us to persevere and persevere in solving the problem. The issue of innovation and development and the solution to the issue of self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology have given us great encouragement."
"Although great achievements have been made, there are still many technical problems that need to be overcome, and many details need to be filled. We must continue to tackle some new technologies facing the future." Ye Tianchun said.
Scientific and technological anti-epidemic, major new drugs
And infectious disease prevention
New coronavirus vaccine, enterovirus 71 inactivated vaccine...The small white boxes in the transparent showcase attract people to stop.
Behind them is the health of thousands of people.
The research and development of new drugs and the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases are closely related to the lives and health of the people.
According to the staff of the Exhibition Area for Major New Drugs and Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, with the support of major new drug creation projects, a total of 72 Class 1 innovative drugs have been approved for marketing, which is 14 times the number before the project. Fruitful achievements in the field of health: A total of 72 innovative drugs of category 1 and 36 innovative drugs of traditional Chinese medicine have been successfully developed; 6 domestic PD-1 monoclonal antibodies have been listed one after another, promoting China to officially enter the era of immunotherapy; the world’s first targeted brain GV-971, an innovative anti-Alzheimer's disease drug for the intestinal axis, ended the 17-year history of no new drug on the market in the world...
Especially since the outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, technological innovation has played an irreplaceable supporting role in the prevention and control of the epidemic and the resumption of work and production: it only took about 5 days to confirm that the new crown virus was the pathogen of the It is highly praised for the identification of pathogens in a short record time; rapid independent research and development of new coronavirus nucleic acid and antibody detection kits, currently 4 new coronavirus vaccines have been approved for sale in China with conditions, 2 of which have been approved to be included in the WHO emergency use list. Relying on the platform established with special support to screen out the effective "three medicines and three prescriptions" of traditional Chinese medicine, it has contributed to the global fight against the epidemic.
Technological innovation support
High-quality development of the natural gas industry
Fracturing operation site, shale gas dual drilling rig wellsite, cluster drilling platform, intelligent control center, gas gathering station... "Technological innovation supports the high-quality development of China's natural gas industry" sand table "moves" the actual natural gas exploration and development process Arrived at the exhibition site.
"The main body of the sand table includes onshore and offshore natural gas exploration and development." The relevant person in charge of the exhibition area told reporters.
This sand table vividly displays the operation process of the natural gas industry and the scientific and technological achievements China has made in this field during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, significant progress has been made in natural gas exploration and development technologies, and a number of large gas fields have been discovered and built, supporting the three-fold doubling of China's natural gas "new proven reserves, annual output, and primary energy consumption structure".
During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the natural gas industry has achieved a number of scientific and technological innovations.
For example, China has developed a full range of automatic electric drive drilling rigs from 3000 to 12000 meters.
With the support of this equipment, China has successfully developed the Keshen gas field in the Tarim Basin with an average depth of more than 7000 meters, providing an important and stable gas source for the "West-East Gas Pipeline".
China has also independently developed major equipment such as high-precision controllable seismic sources, 10,000-meter automated drilling rigs, rotary steering drilling systems and 5000 electric fracturing skids, breaking the situation that high-end equipment mainly depends on imports.
There is also a lot of good news: the large-scale development of marine carbonate natural gas and shale gas in the Sichuan Basin has built a large gas area with an annual output of 50 billion cubic meters; the Anyuete large gas field has proven reserves of more than one trillion cubic meters, with an annual output of 13.1 billion cubic meters... In the future, more gas fields will be put into production to meet the needs of people's livelihood.
High-temperature gas-cooled nuclear power plant
Demonstration model
The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is the fourth generation of advanced nuclear energy technology with independent intellectual property rights in China. It has the advantages of inherent safety, high equipment localization rate, modular design, adaptability to small and medium power grids, and a wide range of uses.
On September 12 this year, the No. 1 reactor of the Huaneng Shidao Bay High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Nuclear Power Plant Demonstration Project, a major national science and technology project, reached the critical state for the first time, and the unit officially started operation with nuclear power.
This is the world’s first pebble-bed modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor with completely independent intellectual property rights and the characteristics of the fourth-generation advanced nuclear energy system. After the completion of the dual-reactor cold test, the dual-reactor thermal test, and the first charging, it has become critically important. During the year, grid-connected power generation went further.
The construction of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration power station was started in Rongcheng, Shandong in December 2012.
Through special implementation, China's high-temperature gas-cooled reactor technology has achieved the world's leading position, with independent intellectual property rights, and the localization rate of equipment reached 93.4%.
The power station has an electric power of 200 MW and an annual power generation of 1.4 billion kWh, which can provide household electricity for 2 million residents and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 900,000 tons.
Since the launch of the "July 28 Project" in 1970, China's nuclear power industry has gone through a road of endeavour and innovation for more than 50 years.
The nuclear power industry will continue to be guided by major national needs, overcome technical problems and create new brilliance.
Spodoptera frugiperda corn
The video played on the big screen at the entrance of the exhibition area detailed the hazards of Spodoptera frugiperda and its trajectory around the world.
A group of physical objects compares the different growth performance of "insect-resistant corn" and ordinary corn.
Spodoptera frugiperda is an early warning global migratory pest by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. It was first discovered to invade Yunnan, China at the end of 2018, and then quickly spread to 27 provinces, seriously threatening corn production.
The staff of the exhibition area introduced the related governance achievements of our country to reporters.
Focusing on ensuring national food safety and ecological security, China has established a full-chain innovation system from research and development to industrialization, and has developed genetically modified insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant corn, herbicide-tolerant soybeans, insect-resistant cotton, insect-resistant rice, and drought-resistant wheat. Approved major achievements.
Four insect-resistant herbicide-tolerant corn and three herbicide-tolerant soybeans have obtained production and application safety certificates. Insect-resistant rice has been approved for marketing in the United States, and herbicide-resistant soybeans have been approved for commercial cultivation in Argentina.
The staff told reporters: "Among them, the genetically modified insect-resistant corn that has obtained the production and application safety certificate has an effect of more than 95% on the prevention and control of major pests such as Spodoptera frugiperda, which is an increase of more than 10% over the current main varieties."
Integrated whole body positron
Launch/magnetic resonance imaging equipment
A white integrated whole-body positron emission/magnetic resonance imaging system equipment (PET/MR), set off by the red "Healthy China", shows the significance of scientific and technological innovation to "escort" people's health.
This integrated PET/MR was developed by Shanghai United Imaging Medical Technology Co., Ltd., and is the most cutting-edge technology representative in the field of domestic medical imaging equipment.
According to the staff in the exhibition area, the integrated PET/MR product has achieved independent research and development of all core components. Its unique PET bee-eye cutting technology has increased the resolution of the device to the industry’s highest 2.8mm, enabling PET/MR to detect tumors. In the process, more accurate imaging is achieved.
It is especially worth noting that for the first time, United Imaging PET/MR realizes the real-time synchronous collection of MR and PET modal data, which can collect multi-dimensional information such as the patient’s tissue structure, functional status and molecular metabolism information, and complete the whole body scan in as little as 10 minutes. , It is of great significance for the ultra-early accurate diagnosis and research of complex diseases of the whole body such as tumor, nervous system and cardiovascular system.
United Imaging PET/MR won the Gold Medal at the 19th China International Industry Fair, which has forced the price of foreign brand products that have been monopolizing the market for a long time to drop by 40%.
It is reported that during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, China's system has strengthened the scientific and technological layout in the field of medical equipment, and has developed carbon ion therapy systems, 5T MR, PET/MR, 512-slice CT, three-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance compatible brain pacemakers, surgery A batch of high-end medical devices, such as robots, have basically made up for the shortcomings of China's high-end medical devices, and some products have entered the ranks of global competition.
The most accurate
Quantum Benchmark for Temperature in Extremely Low Temperature Region
If you don't read the introduction below, it will probably be difficult for the audience to understand what this device with a high-tech appearance and complicated internal wiring does.
In fact, it is a reference temperature measuring device in the extremely low temperature area.
According to Gao Bo, a researcher at the Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and executive deputy director of the Sino-French International Joint Laboratory of Cryometric Science and Technology, thermodynamic temperature is one of the seven basic physical quantities in the International System of Units. The unit is Kelvin (K), which is used to describe the objective. The real temperature of the world.
The extremely low temperature zone refers to the temperature range below 24.5K (-248.65°C). The high-accuracy thermodynamic temperature measurement in this temperature zone is the key guarantee for the development of cutting-edge science, large-scale scientific engineering, zero-carbon energy, and deep space exploration. .
The Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences put forward the "Refractive Index Temperature Measurement Principle of Constant Pressure Gas", and cooperated with the French Metrology Institute to break through the key core technology of complex multi-field environment measurement and control, and developed the first international set of 5K~24.5K under the new SI framework. (-268.15℃~-248.65℃) Temperature zone reference temperature measurement device, temperature measurement accuracy and measurement speed are the best in the world.