During the Mid-Autumn Festival, mooncakes are tasted, the full moon is watched, and the reunion is cherished.
When admiring the moon, countless literati and poems in ancient times felt like they sent us a lot of masterpieces, poems and songs like a sea of smoke.
Reading these beautiful chapters now, you will still be amazed.
The moon is the poet's favorite subject
In the eyes of poets, the moon is always the most favorite subject, and there are countless poems describing the moon in ancient times.
Among the earliest collections of poetry in China, "The Book of Songs", there is one "Chen Feng·Yuechu":
The moon rises brightly, and the people are outstanding.
Shu Yao queried, and worked quietly.
The moon rises brightly, and the outstanding person is lonely.
Shu worry, feel sad, painful.
The moon shines, and the outstanding people are scorched.
Shu Yao Shaoxi, labored and miserable.
This poem rises from the moon, depicts the beautiful looks of the beloved woman, and also writes the inner anxiety in the pursuit of love.
In the poem, Liao, 懰, and Liao describe people's beautiful appearance, while quiet, mournful, and miserable refer to the poet's inner anxiety.
The reason why the moon is loved by poets is that in the celestial bodies, the moon is the most varied. It has a round of surplus and deficiency, it has new singularity, its upper and lower strings, its full moon is like a crescent moon like a bow, and it has a red moon. Like blood...In our agricultural country, the moon is also closely related to calendars, seasons, labor, economy, social interactions, and the theory of yin and yang.
Anyone who has lived in rural areas knows that many things in life, such as temple fairs and fairs, are held on a "monthly" basis.
On a moonlit night, many farming activities can also be carried out.
People love the moon and place many beautiful legends on it.
The legend about the moon originated very early, and there is a moon rabbit in Qu Yuan's "The Questions of the Chu".
In addition to Moon Rabbit, there are Chang'e, Wu Gang, Yue Gui, Jin Chan, Guanghan Palace... In fact, not only poets, but also the imagination of the entire nation.
Because of their love for the moon, people give the moon many names, such as Yutu, Yupan, Su'e, Binglun, Yulun, Yuchan, Guihua, Guipo, Toad, Gutu, Chanjuan, Yugong, Yugui, Yu Hook, jade mirror, ice mirror, etc.
Li Bai has a song called "Gu Lang Yue Xing" which refers to the moon as a white jade plate.
It is very popular in ancient poems to use pronouns instead of speaking directly.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Shen Yifu said: When talking about peaches, you can't directly break "Peach", you must use words such as "Hongyu" and "Liu Lang"; ", "Baan" and other words.
In this regard, Wang Guowei was quite disapproving. He took the "Guihua Liuwa" in Zhou Bangyan's "Jieyuhua" as an example, saying that although the realm is wonderful, "I regret to use the word'Guihua' to replace the'yue' ear."
The origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival is inseparable from the moon.
The Mid-Autumn Festival originated from the worship of celestial phenomena and evolved from the autumn eve of the ancient times.
Sacrificing the moon is a kind of worship activity for the "moon god" in some places in ancient my country. The "autumn equinox" of the twenty-four solar terms is the ancient "moon festival", which later evolved into a sacrificial ceremony with the theme of "family reunion" .
In the existing literature, the term "Mid-Autumn Festival" was first seen in the Han Dynasty, and it was written in the "Zhou Li" between the Han Dynasty. Month)” activities.
Moon chanting in Tang poems is valuable in artistic conception
There was a custom of Mid-Autumn Festival in the Han Dynasty, but the Mid-Autumn Festival was officially recognized as a festival, about in the Tang Dynasty, "Book of Tang Taizong Ji" recorded "August 15 Mid-Autumn Festival".
Among the emperors of the Tang Dynasty, the romantic legend of Emperor Xuanzong's visit to the Moon Palace was related to the Mid-Autumn Festival.
According to legend, on the night of August 15th of a certain year, Tang Xuanzong followed the Taoist practice when he was worshipping the moon in the palace, turning his crutch into a silver bridge in the sky and stepping into the moon palace.
But seeing the plaque of the gate building inscribed "Guanghan Qingxu Mansion", the white rabbit under the tall laurel tree at the gate was making medicine, and the fairies of Chang'e in the palace danced gracefully with the melodious music accompaniment.
After Xuanzong returned from the Moon Palace, he ordered someone to sort out the dance music he wrote down secretly and named it "Neon Clothes Feather Clothes".
Among the poems and essays of the Tang Dynasty that we are familiar with, there are many customs of Mid-Autumn Festival moon watching, drinking, and composing poems.
The custom of admiring the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival was very popular in Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty. Many poets wrote verses about chanting the moon. They used Mid-Autumn Festival to fly to the moon with Chang'e, Wu Gang cuts the osmanthus, jade rabbit pounding medicine, Yang Guifei turned the moon god, and Tang Ming emperor traveled. The moon palace and other stories are combined to make it full of romance, and the style of appreciating the moon and singing poems flourishes.
In the nineteen famous ancient poems, at least four capitals have written about the moon, such as "Bright Moon and Bright Moonlight", "Green Grass on the River", "Meng Dong Chill", "Ming Moon He Jiaojiao" and so on.
Among the ancient poems with the moon as the theme, Li Bai’s "Drinking Alone under the Moon" is very famous: "A pot of wine in the flower room, drinking alone without a blind date. A toast to invite the bright moon, the shadow of three people..." in this poem In the poem, Li Bai once again showed us his free and unrestrained imagination.
The words express the poet's inner loneliness and frustration, making everyone who read this poem move.
Of course, among the poems related to the moon, Li Bai's "Quiet Night Thoughts" is more famous, reaching the point where everyone knows:
The moonlight in front of the bed, suspected to be frost on the ground.
Looking up at the bright moon, looking down at hometown.
This poem links homesickness with the moon, and becomes the common emotion of everyone who is far from home.
The "bed" in the poem is controversial.
Li Bai also wrote about "bed" in another poem. In the poem "Chang Gan Xing", there is a sentence like "Lang rides on a bamboo horse and makes green plums around the bed. Living together in Chang Gan Li, two young people have no doubts."
These two "beds" are not beds in the current sense. Some scholars believe that it should be a stool similar to Maza, and others believe that it is a well fence, because in the "Kangxi Dictionary", there is another word for the word "bed". One explanation is that "the well is dry and the bed is".
From the perspective of the artistic conception of chanting the moon, Zhang Jiuling's "The bright moon is born on the sea, the horizon is at this time" is from the scene to the love, giving people a majestic and magnificent feeling.
Like "A bright moon is born on the sea", Zhang Jiuling's "Lonely Hung on the Sea" has the same artistic conception.
The Tang Dynasty writer Liu Yuxi’s "Playing with the Moon on the 15th Night of August" specifically wrote about the Moon of Mid-Autumn Festival:
The day will be tonight and the moon will wash Huanying again and again.
Jiuxiao is clean in the summer, and the scenery is clear in the autumn.
The stars let the brilliance shine, and the wind dew shines brightly.
It is Yujing who can transform into the world.
This poem not only writes the mid-autumn moon night scene very truthfully, but also expresses the emotion of the permanence of heaven and the vicissitudes of the world at the end.
Liu Yuxi’s life has been bumpy, and many of his poems will have similar emotions, such as "Previously Du Liu Lang", such as "Xishai Mountain Nostalgia", such as "Give a Gift at the First Meeting in Yangzhou".
Su Shi's brothers talk about Mid-Autumn Festival
Su Shi was the leader of the literary world in the mid-North Song Dynasty.
The text is free and unrestrained; the subject matter is broad, fresh and powerful, exaggerated metaphors are used, and the style is unique.
Su Shi has a poem "Yangguan Song·Mid-Autumn Moon": Muyun collects all over the cold, and Yinhan turns the jade plate silently.
This night is not long in this life, where to look next year for the bright moon.
It is said that this poem was written by Su Shi for the reunion with his younger brother Su Che.
Reunion is beautiful, but the final parting will cause endless sadness.
Su Shi and Su Zhe have a deep relationship. His other poem is about Mid-Autumn Moon, and it is also written to Su Zhe.
When is the bright moon?
Ask Qingtian about the wine.
I don't know what year is the heavenly palace.
I want to take the wind to return, but I am afraid that Qionglou Yuyu will be very cold from the heights.
Dancing clear shadow, like in the world.
Transfer to Zhu Pavilion, low Qi household, according to sleepless.
There should be no hate, what is the long time to go to the other time?
People have sorrows and joys, and the moon is cloudy and clear. This matter is hard to come by in ancient times.
Nung, moon and new moon.
In a sense, any literary and artistic work is jointly completed by creators, readers, and viewers.
Especially for highly general works such as poems, viewers will have their own different understandings, and different "works" will be created together.
And this is the profound meaning of "Poetry is unexplained".
For example, in this poem, "I hope that people will live forever, and be together for thousands of miles." Although the beginning of the article has stated that it is written to Su Che, it is about brotherhood, but more people are willing to use it for the love of men and women. What's wrong?
Of course, it needs to be explained that the "chanjuan" in Su Shi's poems means "mingyue".
"Chan Juan" is a beautiful look, and here is the month.
"Gong Chanjuan" means "Gong Mingyue". The allusion comes from "Yue Fu" written by Xie Zhuang of the Southern Dynasty: "There is a bright moon across thousands of miles." Later generations interpreted the content of ancient poems in many ways.
For example, in the "Book of Songs" "hold the hand of the son, grow old with the son." Originally, it was used to describe the love of men and women, but it was more appropriate for later generations to describe the love of men and women.
In the second year that Su Shi wrote "Shui Tiao Song Tou·When Does the Moon Have", in 1077 AD, he left Beijing and went to Xuzhou to serve as Zhizhou. Su Zhe accompanied him.
After arriving, Su Che stayed in Xuzhou for more than a hundred days. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, the two went boating together to admire the moon, and finally had a reunion festival.
But after the Mid-Autumn Festival, Su Che had to transfer to Nandu (now Huaiyang, Henan) to take up a post, so Su Che wrote "Shui Diao Song Tou Xuzhou Mid-Autumn Festival" before leaving:
How long does it take to leave, and spend the Mid-Autumn Festival in seven.
Tobu’s eve last year was full of sorrow for the bright moon.
Under the Pengcheng Mountain, with the ancient Bian of the Qinghe River, the boat will be loaded onto Liangzhou.
Advocating to help clear the reward, the swan goose rises from Tingzhou.
Sitting in the guest, Cui Yu, Zi Qiqiu.
Su'e is a rogue, and she never stayed in the west.
Tonight Qingzun will be with guests, and tomorrow night, Gufan Shuiyi will still shine away from worry.
But the homophobic Wang Can is relatively permanent.
Song Ci is the shining jewel in the crown of ancient Chinese literature. In the Langyuan of ancient Chinese literature, it is a fragrant and gorgeous garden.
As one of the representative figures of Song Ci, Su Shi's Ci pursues a magnificent style and a broad artistic conception. He and his brother Su Zhe said that the Mid-Autumn Festival's masterpieces will be passed down forever.
Author: Xu Tieyi