China News Agency, Beijing, July 25 (Reporter Ying Ni). It is clearly recorded in the most detailed and accurate "Guanglun Xinjiang Litu" of the Yuan Dynasty that exists, "From Quanzhou Sailing to Java on the 60th, and from the 28th to the 28th. Ma Bal, more than two hundred days until Hulu did not think."

The Mabal Kingdom, its hometown is on the Coromandel coast in present-day India; Hulumousi is today's Hormuz.

　　The locations and distances of this map are calculated based on Quanzhou, which proves Quanzhou's status as China's largest trading port in the Yuan Dynasty.

On July 8, Luoyang Bridge in Quanzhou.

Photo by Jiang Qiming

　　As China's newest 56th World Heritage Site, "Quanzhou: Song and Yuan China's World Ocean Trade Center" has a complete and smooth production-transportation-sales system.

　　Dehua kiln is one of the four famous porcelain kilns in China.

Zheng Jiongxin, curator of Dehua Ceramics Museum, introduced to reporters that the white porcelain produced by Dehua kilns was an outstanding representative of export porcelain kilns in inland Quanzhou during the Song and Yuan dynasties.

He said that about one-third of the cultural relics salvaged from the "Nanhai No. 1" (a wooden ancient sunken ship that wrecked and sank while transporting porcelain on the Maritime Silk Road in the early Southern Song Dynasty) were from Dehua kilns. White porcelain.

At the same time, a series of domestic and foreign archaeological discoveries, such as the Song Dynasty shipwreck of the Xisha "Huaguang Reef No. 1" and the Santa Ana site in Nila, the Philippines, show that Dehua kiln porcelain was an important export product of Quanzhou Port in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

　　"Marco Polo's Travels" records the grand occasion of porcelain firing in Dehua at that time. "There is another city near Citong City (Quanzhou), named Diyunzhou (Dehua), which makes bowls and porcelain. It is so many and beautiful... "The method of making porcelain is to take a kind of soil from a quarry, 30 or 40 years under the storm and the sun... The ancestors have accumulated soil, and only their nephews can use it." Zheng Jiongxin said, located at the Weilin-Neesaka Kiln Site in Dehua The site of Qudou Palace and Qudou Palace kilns were created and burned in Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty respectively. After archaeological excavations, many relics of dragon kilns, workshops, and a large number of kiln furniture and porcelain were found.

It was precisely because of the prosperity of the sea trade in Quanzhou during the Song and Yuan Dynasties that Dehua kilns rose rapidly, both in the production techniques and modeling decoration of blue and white porcelain and white porcelain, as well as the advanced building technology of the divisional dragon kiln, as well as the huge production scale. Quanzhou has a strong industrial capacity and export capacity as the world's marine commerce center.

　　What is less well-known is that Quanzhou is still the origin of iron smelting.

The Xiacaopu iron smelting site in Qingyang, Anxi is located in the Daiyun Mountain area about 70 kilometers northwest of Quanzhou. Qingyang Village where it is located was once one of the full-time iron yards officially established in the Song Dynasty. The iron smelting industry was extremely prosperous in the 11th century. The tributary Xixi was transported to Quanzhou Port.

According to Shen Ruiwen, deputy dean of the School of Archaeology, Culture, and Science, Peking University, archaeological findings revealed that there are iron smelting sites, ancient mine caves, and ancient roads at the Xiacaopu site.

It is a precious testimony of the iron smelting handicraft industry in Quanzhou during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and together with the ceramic production base in Quanzhou, it shows the positive promotion of the development of local industries.

　　Regardless of whether it is going north to the inland of Fuzhou or going south for overseas trade, Quanzhou's complete transportation network is breathtaking from bridges, wharves to pagodas.

　　According to Wu Yijuan, director of the Quanzhou Cultural Protection Center and research librarian, the Luoyang Bridge built in the Song Dynasty is a large stone bridge that crosses the sea and is known as the "first bridge in China".

It is a transportation hub from Quanzhou to Fuzhou and even the hinterland of the inland. It also connects with the Anping Bridge and the Shunji Bridge site and other convenient coastal transportation routes. It has a pioneering milestone in the development of Quanzhou's land and water complex transportation network.

Its construction used technical methods such as "raft foundation", "solid foundation for oyster cultivation", and "floating beam erection", which accumulated valuable technical experience for the wave of bridge building in Quanzhou during the Song and Yuan dynasties.

"Luoyang Bridge is an example of the official leadership and the joint efforts of the whole people to build large-scale transportation facilities."

　　As a newly added heritage site, Anping Bridge is a land transportation node between Quanzhou and the country's vast southern coastal area, reflecting the development of Quanzhou's land and water transshipment system promoted by ocean trade.

The Shunji Bridge is the main passage to and from the ancient city's commercial district built along with the development of marine trade. It has perfected Quanzhou's land and water transshipment system and has witnessed the promotion of commercial expansion to the transportation system.

　　Liusheng Pagoda and Wanshou Pagoda, the former is a landmark for merchant ships sailing from the main channel of Quanzhou Bay to an inland port, and the latter is a landmark for merchant ships arriving at Quanzhou Port.

The twin towers stand for nearly a thousand years, witnessing the prosperity of "Marco Polo's Travels" in the distant time and space: exotic products such as spices and medicinal materials are shipped in from Quanzhou Port, and "Made in China" such as silk and ceramics move from here to the world. .

　　In the view of Fu Jing, deputy director of the Institute of Architectural History of China Architecture Design and Research Institute and head of the Quanzhou Heritage Texts team, 22 series of heritage sites that carry the overall key value characteristics of Quanzhou during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, ranging from seaports and wharves to the same The accompanying bridges and post roads, from the religious buildings and statues of the diverse communities in the urban area, to the ceramic and iron production bases in the mountainous areas, from the ruins of administrative agencies, to the remains of key facilities in the urban pattern composed of city gates, city walls, and road networks .

　　Thousands of years ago, they fully embodied the highly integrated overseas trade system of Quanzhou in the Song and Yuan Dynasties with integrated production-transport-sales, as well as a diverse social system constituted by the institutions, communities, and cultural factors that supported its operation.

　　Thousands of years later, Quanzhou is still a living ancient city.

Nanyin is still curled up, five steps one temple, ten steps one temple, listening to the old Hokkien dialect, walking among the dark red ancient houses, the mottled history is written on the corners of the eaves and in the streets.

(Finish)