【Explanation】Zhangwan Town, Jiaocheng District, Ningde City, Fujian Province, is located on the bank of Sanduao, and is "the hometown of Chinese watertight blessed boat culture".
The craftsmanship of its blessing boat was introduced from southern Fujian during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 600 years.
In 2010, "China's watertight compartment blessing boat manufacturing skills" was included in the "Intangible Cultural Heritage List in Urgent Need of Protection" by UNESCO.
The protection and inheritance of this skill has attracted the attention of the world.
A few days ago, the reporter came to the watertight compartment fuship manufacturing base in Weizhangwan Town for field interviews.
[Concurrent] Liu Dengsheng, Executive Vice President of the Watertight Blessed Ship Research Association, Jiaocheng District, Ningde City
Our ancestors brought this skill from southern Fujian to settle here. Usually, wooden boats are built in a place with convenient materials. At the same time, there are harbor roads for shipbuilding and launching.
[Explanation] As early as the Song Dynasty, Fu Chuan was famous for "the sea boat is above Fujian".
The ship is as balanced as a balance, the underside is like a knife, the bottom tip is wide up, the bow, tip and tail are wide and the ends are warped.
The "watertight compartment" refers to the use of compartment plates to divide the cabin into separate compartments.
When the cabin is damaged and leaks, the sea water can be confined in some cabins so as not to sink quickly.
This invention not only improves the sinking resistance of ships, but also increases the safety of long voyages.
[Explanation] Liu Xixiu, who is more than 60 years old, comes from a family of Fortune Boats. At the age of 19, he followed his father as an apprentice at the Zhangwan Shipyard. Now he is the national representative inheritor of the craftsmanship of watertight blessed boats, and he has mastered this ancient history. "Unique".
[Concurrent] Liu Xixiu, the national representative inheritor of watertight compartment futuristic craftsmanship
We don’t have enough apprenticeships for one year. At least we have to study for more than three years, and we can only be trained for more than three years. This boat is used for fishing, transportation, and fishermen to seek small seas.
Therefore, our watertight compartment is the crystallization of our Chinese working people's creative wisdom. This invention will promote us and contribute a lot to the development of the world.
[Explanation] For thousands of years, the craftsmanship of watertight compartments has been widely used in fishing boats, cargo ships, warships, and diplomatic vessels. It was not until the late 18th century that the craftsmanship spread to the West, and watertight compartments became the most important part of modern ship design. Important structural forms are still widely used in modern shipbuilding.
[Explanation] The manufacturing techniques of watertight compartments are very complicated. During the construction process, they are all manually operated. Each partition is made of tenon joints with a number of wooden boards. At the junction of the partition and the bottom of the ship, there are ribs installed.
Then the gaps between the cabin planks are plugged and repaired to make them impermeable, and then painted on to complete the shipbuilding.
[Concurrent] Liu Xixiu, the national representative inheritor of watertight compartment futuristic craftsmanship
After the boat is finished, there will be seams. If there are seams, use the tung ash and tung oil ash to rub it, and then beat it. After it is softened, it will be punched in. When it is punched in, it will contain this.
Mix the bamboo silk with putty and make the top layer. This is the layer above the putty.
The greater the strength, the tighter the fight, and the tighter there will be no water leakage. This is the case for the entire ship.
[Explanation] Liu Xixiu told reporters that the traditional watertight cabin craftsmanship has been inherited by the Zhangwan Liu family for 22 generations.
However, with the development of the times, Fortune Ship is gradually withdrawing from the stage of history, coupled with the hard work of shipbuilding, the wages are not high, young people are unwilling to learn, and the inheritance of skills is imminent.
In the past few years, Liu Xixiu has begun to design the model of Fu ship, looking for a new way to pass on his skills.
[Concurrent] Liu Xixiu, the national representative inheritor of watertight compartment futuristic craftsmanship
After the impact of the iron-hulled foam ship, the orders have dropped a lot. Originally, there were many ships here, and hundreds of them were built a year.
So we have the responsibility as the inheritors. I just kept refurbishing the old ship, and the samples can be passed on in the future.
[Explanation] Today, there are only more than 40 masters active in the front line of shipbuilding, and young inheritors are particularly scarce.
In order to rescue, protect and inherit the craftsmanship of watertight blessed boats, in 2012, Jiaocheng District of Ningde City established a watertight blessed boat research group, China Blessed Ship Cultural Exhibition Center, and watertight blessed boat manufacturing skills transfer institute one after another. Built.
[Concurrent] Liu Chaowen, Secretary-General of the Watertight Blessed Ship Research Association, Jiaocheng District, Ningde City
Through the establishment of a cultural entrepreneurship base for our watertight compartment manufacturing technology, for our existing inheritors and the young people who love this blessing ship manufacturing technology and watertight compartment manufacturing technology to participate, and then in On this platform, they can incubate some of their own cultural and creative works, carry forward our blessing boat culture, and better inherit and protect the manufacturing technology of watertight compartments.
Reporter Wu Shengwei reports from Ningde, Fujian
Editor in charge: [Li Ji]