How does a hanging basket bear the weight of life
Absence of training and insufficient supervision of high-altitude operation accidents frequently occur
● Falling from height accounts for 41% to 53% of the total number of construction accidents.
In the event of a fall, it only takes 0.6 seconds for the worker to fall at a speed of 21 kilometers per hour and produce an impact of 1,089 kilograms.
● At present, there is relatively standardized supervision in the aerial work industry only for contractors, construction parties, etc., but the base of false certificates for employed workers is relatively large, and many Party A does not strictly identify the authenticity of the certificates of employees, as long as they have certificates.
● Many industry associations have low barriers to entry, which lays down hidden dangers for the effectiveness of production licenses for high-altitude operations. There are associations everywhere, and each association can issue licenses, which is becoming more and more chaotic.
□ Our reporter Zhao Li
□ Intern Xie Yihong
Recently, a sudden tragedy has pushed the "Spider-Man", a crowd that is often neglected by society, to the forefront.
In the afternoon, a strong wind raided Wuhan, Hubei. Two high-altitude workers who were cleaning the wall project were blown up by the strong wind. After rotating 360 degrees in the air, the hanging basket violently hit the curtain wall of the building... The continuous impact caused the two people to be unfortunate. Killed.
The two living beings were "blown away" by a gust of wind, which makes it clear that "Spider-Man" is not the "Spider-Man" in the movie, they are just a group of aerial workers working on the outer walls of high-rise buildings—— A few slings are tied to the body, and complex high-altitude operations are carried out on a hanging basket between square inches. The professional requirements are high, the risk factor is high, and the degree of hard work is high.
In fact, such tragedies have occurred repeatedly in recent years.
How to protect the life safety of aerial workers?
How to effectively supervise the many chaos in this industry?
High-altitude operation is dangerous
Slight negligence or fatal
In the list of the most dangerous occupations in the world, working at heights is always at the forefront.
Unlike other accidents, there is almost no possibility of surviving from a high-altitude fall.
According to the Guangdong Provincial Department of Emergency Management, falls from height accounted for 41% to 53% of the total number of construction accidents.
In the event of a fall, it only takes 0.6 seconds for the worker to reach a speed of 21 kilometers per hour, producing an impact of 1,089 kilograms.
The fate of aerial workers is placed on a hanging basket, and a few slings are their only connection to the world in the air.
"Spiderman" is their common name, but they know that they have no superpowers.
On May 26, in Tianjin Jinnan, three workers encountered heavy rain while working at a height in a residential area, and they were swayed by strong winds.
The hanging basket hit the outer wall of the tall building many times, and the workers tried to grab the wall object to prevent it from swinging.
Fortunately, some residents of the community contacted the property to rescue people after they found out. Firefighters rushed to the scene and the three workers finally landed safely.
On May 25, Wuzhou, Guangxi, affected by strong winds, two workers outside a tall building were swinging in the air, losing control of their bodies and colliding with the windows on the floor.
Firefighters from the jurisdiction quickly rushed to the scene and successfully rescued the two workers to safety.
Peng Xin (pseudonym), who has been in the aerial work industry for two years, once saw a worker falling from a height with his own eyes. He was so scared that he did not dare to work for two weeks.
Once, he was doing refurbishment work in a large factory, and because he did not check the ropes before the work, an oversight caused him to slip off the roof.
When he slid from the fifth floor to the second floor, he easily grabbed the blinds and escaped.
"This industry is too'exciting'. A worker who worked with us was fine the first day, but the next day there were no people. That time the outer frame collapsed during construction." Thinking of his past experience, Peng There are lingering fears from the new to the present.
Liu Yu, president of the High-altitude Service Industry Branch of the China Occupational Safety and Health Association, said in an interview with a reporter from the Rule of Law Daily that aerial work itself is a high-risk industry. Extreme weather such as strong winds is still a special situation. If there is an early warning, construction should be stopped. In case of emergencies, corresponding emergency plans are required.
"For hanging basket operations, construction is not allowed to be carried out with winds of level 5 or higher." Liu Yu said that if construction is still carried out with warnings, it means that more than one of the three parties of the contractor, construction party, and workers must have safety awareness. Weakness and ignorance of industry norms.
According to Liu Yu, according to the "Classification of Work at Heights", construction units must not allow workers to work at heights in windy weather above level 5.
But the actual situation is that the height of the worker, the shape of the building, and the surrounding building environment all affect the amount of wind that the worker receives.
The wind speeds of three or four levels on the ground may increase by one to two times when it reaches a high level; between adjacent tall buildings, the "canyon effect" will make the wind more violent; high-rise corners are the places where workers are most nervous. Even on a sunny day when there is no wind on the ground, the wind at high-rise corners may blow people away instantaneously.
A practitioner told a reporter from the Rule of Law Daily that strong winds would push workers on the outer wall and "beat" them. Over the long term, many workers will leave various scars and bruises on their legs and elbows.
Some trainings are useless
You can get the certificate as long as you give the money
According to the "Classification of Work at Heights": “Any work performed at a height above 2m (including 2m) at the base level of the fall height that may fall is called work at height.” According to industry insiders, this means that from the construction industry In the cleaning industry, the scope of high-altitude operations is quite extensive, and air conditioning maintenance, which is very common in daily life, also belongs to the category of high-altitude operations.
As early as 2002, when the State Administration of Work Safety issued the "Opinions on the Evaluation of Safety Technical Training for Special Operators", it included "high-altitude suspension operations" as a special type of work.
The Safety Production Law also clearly stipulates that employees of special types of work must undergo professional training, obtain a "Safety Qualification Operation Certificate", and hold a certificate to work.
However, a reporter from the Rule of Law Daily found that the training institutions for "Spider Man" in various places are currently in chaos.
In the name of signing up for the training, reporters from the "Rule of Law Daily" contacted a number of relevant training institutions by telephone.
It is understood that a Beijing vocational and technical training school provides examination training services for aerial work operation certificates. The course is 1,300 yuan, but the training is only two days, which can be called a "crash course", and they specially set the training time to take the exam. Two days ago.
According to industry insiders, “Training institutions aim to make money, and if they collect money, they will protect you. One day for practice, three to five days for theory. They don’t care about future security issues.”
Before the verification, high-altitude workers need to undergo a series of physical examinations, and occupational contraindications such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and fear of heights are not allowed to work.
But nowadays, some training institutions not only produce physical examination forms on their behalf, but also reduce the difficulty of examinations.
You can even "buy a license" directly.
A reporter from the "Rule of Law Daily" contacted an Education Technology Co., Ltd., which provided a certificate for operators of machinery and equipment.
When the reporter asked how many days of training should be required for the first phase if you want to obtain an aerial work permit, the staff said that the company does not involve training, and the aerial work permit is only 560 yuan, which can be obtained in about 10 days.
"Spiderman" Ren Tong (pseudonym) recalled the scene of his first high-altitude operation, and was still very scared. "From practical training to the first job, the span is 30 floors."
For the first high-altitude operation, Rentong needed to clean the outer wall of a 33-storey office building, more than 100 meters away.
Prior to this, he had participated in high-altitude operation training, and the exercise site was a temporary three-layer support.
"When I got to the top of the building, I tied the rope to the fire pipe and needed to tie a sailor knot. I tied it very slowly and slowly at the time, just to delay the time so that the work did not come so fast." Ren Tong said, "Walk there. I suddenly felt top-heavy at the hanging place on the edge of the building, and felt that there was an abyss under my feet, and I was about to fall down. The first reaction was to retreat quickly."
This retreat, and one step forward, took 5 hours for the child.
He originally started work at 9 o'clock in the morning, but it was not until 2 o'clock in the afternoon that he plucked up the courage to go to the gondola.
Liu Yu said that currently there is relatively standardized supervision in the aerial work industry only for contractors, construction parties, etc., but the base of false certificates for employed workers is relatively large. 'Certificate is fine'".
The threshold for establishing an association is low
Government supervision needs to be strengthened urgently
In 2003, my country promulgated the Administrative Licensing Law, which regulated the implementing agencies for issuing administrative licenses.
However, for the aerial work industry, due to the lack of counterpart administrative agencies, there is always no relevant government agency to issue industry qualifications.
In this case, there are also provisions in the Administrative Licensing Law: Industry associations can issue licenses that cannot be issued by the government.
Therefore, the safety production license of the aerial work industry is generally issued by the association.
Under such a legal background, Liu Yu believes that many industry associations have low barriers to entry, which creates hidden dangers for the effectiveness of production licenses for high-altitude operations. “There are associations everywhere, and each association can issue a license. More and more chaotic".
Liu Yu said that the current level of safety education and management in the aerial work industry still needs to be improved. This is also reflected in the management system. The aerial work industry still lacks government supervision.
"The high-altitude service industry and cleaning industry are not managed by a specific national administrative agency. The only corresponding government agency is the emergency management department, but the agency will only come forward after an accident." Liu Yu said that such management status makes Gaokong The operation is separated from the national management system.
The High-altitude Service Industry Branch of the China Occupational Safety and Health Association, where Liu Yu works, is one of the few institutions in the domestic aerial work industry that can carry out daily management.
But Liu Yu believes that after all, the association is not a national administrative agency, but a service nature with a relatively small management radiation.
Whether or not an enterprise joins the association is a voluntary act. If the enterprise enters the association and becomes a member, it can be managed by the association to educate and train the members of the enterprise and personnel.
But for companies that have not joined the association, it is also difficult for the association to interfere.
A reporter from the Rule of Law Daily noted that as early as 2015 in CCTV’s “News 1+1” report, some experts pointed out similar views: Aerial work is an industry that has only emerged in the past ten years, but it has been lacking government supervision. The awareness of participating in safety production training is not high.
How to further strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of aerial workers?
Liu Yu believes that the current situation is that the association is mainly responsible for formulating the rules of the aerial work industry. Then the country should assign more supervisory functions to the association. The government should give the association a certain degree of support. At the same time, it should raise the threshold for the establishment of the association to avoid "everywhere". It’s all in the case of associations.
"Now that the threshold for the establishment of the association is excessively liberalized, a very small number of practitioners can set up an association of their own, and then begin to perform the functions of the association. Such an association is blindly profitable, and its safety supervision awareness and legal awareness are not up to the standard. National safety standards come to perform their duties." Liu Yu said.
Cartography/Li Xiaojun