[Explanation] Currently, Jilin, a major agricultural province in China, has entered a busy sowing period.
A notable change is that protective tillage techniques such as returning straw to the field have been more widely used, which is conducive to fertility, reducing surface water and soil loss, and realizing the purpose of protecting black soil.
On April 28, the reporter came to the Changchun Agricultural Machinery Research Institute to interview and learned that a team here always travels between the research institute and the cultivated land at two points and one line all the year round, constantly researching and developing various agricultural machinery "black technologies", and fundamentally through new equipment. Protect the "Giant Panda in the Cultivated Land"-Black Land.
Changchun Agricultural Machinery Research Institute was founded in 1971.
Over the years, has been committed to the research and promotion of agricultural machinery.
The reporter was informed that the institute has recently developed a straw return machine that is compatible with corn protective tillage and full return of straw to the field, as well as a straw strip ploughing combined operation machine and other machinery.
The application of these machines makes it possible to return all the corn stalks to the field. The protective tillage technology of returning all the stalks to the field is accepted by the local farmers, paving the way for the protection of black soil.
[Concurrent] Zhang Wei'an, Director, Farming Machinery Technology Research Institute, Changchun Agricultural Machinery Research Institute
We have researched and developed a striped straw return machine, which is to form a return cover of the straw, and then clean the seedling belt, so that the no-tillage planter can plant in a good environment without straw (seedling belt). The efficiency of sowing and the quality of sowing are greatly improved.
[Explanation] Zhang Wei'an introduced that one hectare of corn will produce about 10 tons of straw, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 10 tons of straw is equivalent to the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 700 yuan in chemical fertilizers.
Therefore, returning straw to the field is beneficial to the improvement of organic matter and the support of beneficial microorganisms in the black soil.
Experts say that promoting straw mulching and returning straw to the field is one of the most direct and effective ways to protect black soil.
[Concurrent] Zhang Wei'an, Director, Farming Machinery Technology Research Institute, Changchun Agricultural Machinery Research Institute
After we return the straw to the field, we can return the whole amount of straw to the field, so the full amount of straw is returned to the field. For example, if the full amount of straw is returned to the field for one year, the organic matter content of the black soil can be increased by 0.1%.
That way, if it takes ten years, it can be increased to one percentage point.
So this is of great benefit to the protection of black soil.
[Explanation] Zhang Weian and his team often ran in the rural fields, visited and understood farmers' farming needs, and started targeted machinery research and development.
From the beginning of the all-round subsoiler, field subsoiler and fertilizer applicator, to the current straw strip tillage machine, each research and development has to go through 1-2 years.
[Concurrent] Zhang Wei'an, Director, Farming Machinery Technology Research Institute, Changchun Agricultural Machinery Research Institute
Through our straw return machine and straw strip tillage machine, this kind of agronomy is accepted by farmers. Through this form, farmers can also achieve very good planting, achieve full seedlings, full seedlings, and ordinary farming methods. Differentiate and realize the return of straw to the field.
[Commentary] Zhang Weian revealed that in the future, the team will conduct in-depth and continuous cooperation with major agricultural machinery manufacturers in Jilin Province to demonstrate advanced agricultural machinery technology, so that more farmers can accept new agricultural machinery equipment, and better protect the black land through the application of agricultural machinery technology. .
Reporter Sun Boyan reports from Changchun
Editor in charge: [Zhang Kaixin]