Those who are ill don’t ask for help, and those who ask for help are useless: waiting for help from adolescents with "heart disease"

　　Half a month on reporters: Jiang Fang, Zheng Tianhong, Liu Lulu

　　I skipped over writing homework, skipped test failure, skipped confiscation of mobile phone, skipped it... From time to time, social incidents of youth suicide broke out, which is heartbreaking.

In recent years, the psychological problems of adolescents have received increasing attention from the government and society. Educational authorities in various places require campuses to open psychological counseling rooms and full-time psychological teachers. Most schools regularly open student psychological counseling rooms and set up service hotlines to facilitate students’ initiative. Seek help and develop psychological counseling.

But in practice, how effective is this intervention mechanism?

1

The proportion of active help is low

　　The winter vacation is coming to an end. A girl in Jiangsu jumped out of the window after arguing with her parents because of her homework. After the ambulance arrived at the scene, the child lost his heartbeat and breathing. On the Lupu Bridge in Shanghai, a 17-year-old high school boy opened the car door and jumped. Down, only the crying mother left on the bridge...

　　The painful cases have their own pain points, but after the nightmare, the relevant parents and teachers all expressed "unexpected", which shows that the adults who are responsible for parenting and supervision have failed to detect the children's psychological crisis and provide timely assistance.

　　"Many children in accidents did not seek help from their parents." An educator who has been engaged in mental health consultation for many years told Banyuetan reporters that the current outbreak of teenage psychological crisis is concentrated in the family scene, mostly due to the intensification of parent-child conflicts.

For example, Guangdong Province conducted a follow-up survey on the psychological status of 320,000 college students and nearly 60,000 primary and secondary school students, including problems such as disharmonious family relationships, family conflicts, and inconsistencies in family parenting methods. College students’ families have serious dysfunctions. Accounted for 8.3%, and 21% of elementary and middle school students reported severe family dysfunction.

　　From the school's point of view, the existing resources and mechanisms have limited effects. It is difficult to obtain timely information about students entering a state of psychological crisis, and it is also unable to actively and quickly respond to students in psychological crisis.

　　An expert from the psychological counseling center of a university revealed to the Banyuetan reporter that there are more than 200 students in the school who take medicine due to mental illness in a year, but the center has only 6 staff members.

　　Ding Wei, a psychology teacher in a middle school in Guangzhou, said that students who are in a state of intense psychological conflict and uncontrollable cannot easily find someone to talk to them, but almost 1,500 students in their school are equipped with a full-time psychology teacher, and they are powerless.

2

Compulsory investigation increases stigma

　　On September 11 last year, the National Health Commission announced the "Working Plan for Exploring Special Services for the Prevention and Treatment of Depression."

Among them, it is clear that various high schools and colleges and universities incorporate depression screening into the content of student health examinations.

It is understood that since the resumption of school last year, many schools have actively screened students' mental health, or commissioned a third party to conduct investigations.

　　The census means that depression is "brought to the table."

However, the reporter of Banyue Tan found in the exchanges with a number of school principals or teachers that as the society and higher education authorities pay more attention, the school’s "defensiveness" for students with mental illnesses has been further strengthened, and it has become more resistant to those with mental illnesses. Students have a strong desire for "peeping" and requirements for reduction and exemption. As soon as they find any "signs", they will be pushed to the family, asking to suspend school and take them back to see a doctor.

　　"There was another student who came to class with a kitchen knife not long ago. Fortunately, his classmates found it and reported it. We have to face so many students every day. We can't help it." A Nanjing middle school principal believes that psychological evaluation should be used as a pre-admission procedure. A required procedure to accurately identify problem students.

　　However, in the opinion of psychologists, the physical and psychological characteristics of adolescents determine that "proactively seeking help" is inherently difficult. Adopting defensive and task-based coping styles may further increase the stigma of adolescents suffering from "heart disease". Reduce the rate of active visits and even conceal the condition.

　　Yan Fei, an associate professor at the School of Social Sciences of Tsinghua University, believes that although the education department has rapidly carried out a lot of ground investigations after the epidemic, due to the lack of existing human resources and insufficient level, it is determined that a large number of psychology teachers can only complete the mechanical form filling work. Instead of going deep into the youth group, giving them psychological care.

"Of course it is meaningful to find out, but it is also easy for a student with depression to hide his true condition when filling in the form."

3

Change to wait for the rabbit to serve actively

　　Adolescent mental health education is a systematic project involving education, health, civil affairs, Communist Youth League, Women’s Federation and other departments. However, the current problems of unclear division of functions and overlapping responsibilities have led to adolescents’ mental health problems. Regardless of".

　　In response to this, Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences, said bluntly that some places and schools did not pay enough attention to the psychological problems of students, especially suicide, and some took blind measures to cover the problem of student suicide.

"The absence of a standardized statistical survey of suicide students is a contempt for life, and it also makes prevention work unfounded."

　　"It is necessary to transform the service mode of the psychological counseling room that used to wait and wait for it to become a multi-level service network that actively builds a'proactive'." Professor Liu Zhengkui, deputy secretary general of the Chinese Psychological Society and executive director of the Chinese Family Education Association, suggested that young people spend most of their time In schools, it is easier for schools to effectively intervene in the psychological problems of adolescents.

It is necessary to establish a youth mental health intervention mechanism with the school as the main responsibility as soon as possible, and build a "class-family-community" three-level intervention team led by the school's full-time mental health teachers.

　　The basis for effective intervention is to equip people, property, and other related resources, as well as an adaptive reward and punishment mechanism.

Educational authorities should improve the professionalism of psychological counseling teachers through regular training, and provide strong support in terms of job level, salary, and performance guarantees. At the same time, conduct performance evaluation and evaluation of school mental health education and intervention work to activate the team’s enthusiasm and enhance the team’s enthusiasm. Work level.

　　"It must be taken seriously, but also desensitized." Lin Xiuyun, a professor in the Department of Psychology at Beijing Normal University, believes that in the process of paying attention to psychological problems, he can't find some emotional and behavioral problems and hurriedly push the students out. Family or hospital.

　　Ren Qiping, a professor at the Institute of Mental Health of Nanjing Xiaozhuang College, believes that schools can cooperate with health departments to carry out more mental health knowledge preaching activities; use platforms such as parent conferences, parent schools, and class groups to strengthen parents’ awareness of mental health education, and conduct regular activities. Theme sharing activities, such as helping children to use electronic products correctly, establishing a harmonious parent-child relationship, positive discipline, education of life values, etc., to eliminate the tendency of stigmatization of psychological problems.