A Four-Dimensional Perspective on the "Academician Ecosystem" China's "Academicians" should be disenchanted
On April 23, the Red Star Capital Bureau learned from the official website of the Chinese Academy of Engineering that the list of valid candidates for the 2021 academician co-election of the Chinese Academy of Engineering was announced.
Among the 557 effective candidates, Wang Li, the chief engineer of Moutai, who has caused widespread public concern, is not among them.
On February 9 this year, the Guizhou Science and Technology Association issued the "Announcement on the 2021 Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering Guizhou Province Candidates to Recommend Objects". Maotai Chief Engineer Wang Li was one of the four announcement objects.
According to public information at that time, Wang Li, female, Han nationality, was born in October 1972, chief engineer, chief quality officer, researcher of China Kweichow Moutai Distillery (Group) Co., Ltd., research direction of fermentation and light industry biotechnology.
Chengdu Commercial Daily-Red Star News reporter Li Weiming and Li Chen
1
Hot topic
Are wine company engineers eligible to participate in the election?
Academicians need to "learn from higher education to be a teacher" and also need to "be a model"
In February of this year, the need for academicians in the wine industry became the focus of controversy.
In response, the Guizhou Association for Science and Technology responded at the time that Wang Li was recommended by the Guizhou Light Industry Association and approved by the Guizhou Association for Science and Technology Review Expert Committee. “She has this condition completely, mainly because'Moutai' is a hot spot, so the incident Become a hot spot".
The China Association for Science and Technology said that the specific information about the finalists is still unclear. After the investigation, the specific information will be released through the local Association for Science and Technology.
On February 18, the relevant department of the Chinese Academy of Engineering responded that according to the relevant regulations of the academician co-election work, the nomination of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology is one of the channels for the selection of academician candidates. The specific procedure is to be recommended by the local Association for Science and Technology, selected by the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, and reported. Only after deliberation and approval by the Presidium of the Chinese Academy of Engineering can they become a valid candidate.
Wang Li is still in the stage of recommendation and publicity by the local Association for Science and Technology, and is not yet an effective candidate for the co-opted academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2021.
How high is the technical content of the winemaking process?
An expert from the School of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science of Zhejiang University said that winemaking is an important category of the food industry, which embodies the precipitation and innovation of craftsmanship, and undoubtedly has technical and industrial value.
At the same time, he also believes that winemaking is a relatively mature traditional technology in my country, and it is unlikely that it will achieve major engineering and technological breakthroughs in the fields of biotechnology and food science.
Has the "national wine" Moutai made major engineering and scientific achievements in winemaking?
As there was no positive response from the relevant institutions, this issue has caused professional people to question the "baijiu academician".
The broader controversy is whether the wine company's engineers are eligible to run for the academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering?
This requires consideration of the consistent cognition of academicians from all walks of life, and involves the rationality and orientation of academician selection standards and systems.
In addition to "learning to be a teacher", people have given a richer connotation and higher expectations to scientists at the academician level. For example, academicians such as Qian Xuesen, Deng Jiaxian, Mao Yisheng, Tong Dizhou, etc. "behave as a model" and show their dedication National sentiments, spiritual will and moral sentiments have made outstanding contributions to the prosperity of the country, social progress, and inspiring young people.
Quartz, vice president of the Chinese Sociological Association, believes that from a scientific and technological perspective alone, academicians of the two academies in my country must not only make achievements in the fields of professional technology, industry cultivation, and local development, but also reflect in basic disciplines and frontier fields related to national strategy, national economy and people’s livelihood. .
Although the liquor market is huge, in the minds of most people, drinking is the same as smoking, not a healthy lifestyle.
Under this cognition, regardless of academic height, the fact that the attributes of the liquor industry and the frequent occurrence of "high-priced liquors" are incompatible with the temperament of academicians in people's impressions.
Standing at the top of the pyramid of my country's scientific research system, academicians are the weather vane for the distribution of scientific research resources and the formation of the style of scientific and technological talents.
At present, many card-neck technologies in the country are in a critical period. The selection of academicians should reflect academic orientation, select top figures to tackle major scientific and technological issues, rather than industry-oriented and market-oriented, and assign the quota to "large taxpayers."
2
Behind the dispute
Why is the competition for academician selection so fierce?
"If a unit has an academician, it is equivalent to a cornucopia"
Ten years after the "Academician of Tobacco" caused controversy, the "Academicians of Baijiu" and "Academicians of Gold" once again attracted attention.
As the highest academic title and lifelong honor in the field of science and technology in my country, the academician title has been accumulated for decades and has been respected and expected by the society.
In the public perception, scientific research workers entering the hall of academicians must not only "learn from higher education to be a teacher", but also need to "be a model", and must withstand many considerations and constraints.
There are two problems behind the controversy of public opinion: First, the academicians who are evaluated will bring huge benefits to individuals, units and even regions. It is necessary to be wary that the academician system will gradually evolve into a "monster" integrating multiple parties and multiple benefits.
Second, nominated candidates come from multiple channels, and it is difficult to unify standards at the practical level.
He likes to show his face, is a corporate platform, is active in various conferences and forums, makes speeches in non-professional fields, and misleads the public... The phenomenon of academicians' "going holes" has caused an uproar in the public opinion.
In this regard, relevant departments have issued policies to restrict academicians from obtaining illegitimate operating benefits.
The reporter's survey found that with the further acceleration of technological progress and industrial transformation, academicians as leaders in science and technology continue to approach the forefront of the industry, and the context of their titles and fame and fortune has also continued to expand and "gold in content".
In the “grabbing wars” set off in domestic cities, academicians, as a symbol of top talent and attracting talents, can often get tens of millions of project start-up funds, and their individuals can also solve housing problems in a “one person, one discussion” approach. The value is equivalent to millions of yuan, and enjoy top-grade medical care treatment.
There are nearly 20 academician workstations gathered in a certain county in the east, and more than 30 academicians of the two academies have been introduced.
The local academician and expert scientific research and innovation main platform, covering an area of more than 3,000 square meters, integrates functions such as academic seminars, project introduction, achievement transformation, and decision-making consultation.
It is worth noting that the platform also centers on a certain resort area and has the function of a "vacation and recuperation base".
The founder of a company on the Sci-tech Innovation Board made a comparison of academician systems in many countries.
He believes that the problem in the selection of domestic academicians is the asymmetry of interests and the selection system, and academician titles mean direct and generous material benefits: first, academician status is directly linked to administrative rank, and is equipped with corresponding high-standard living security; second, in In terms of scientific research resources and academic discourse power, academicians also carry many interests.
"If a unit has academicians, it is tantamount to having a cornucopia." said a scholar who is engaged in information technology research in Guizhou Province.
When applying for projects and topics, if the title of academician is lifted, it can play a decisive role.
Therefore, in the selection of academicians, many units are very active and even try to find relationships.
Linked with rich fame and fortune, the competition for the selection of academicians is fierce, with high attention and constant controversy.
Respondents engaged in scientific research management at a research institution in Northeast China believe that the controversy over the results of the selection of academicians is not only this year. There have been many incidents that have attracted a lot of attention in the academic world. For example, domestic scientists cannot be rated as academicians, but their scientific and technological influence To be recognized by the international academic community, to be evaluated as a foreign academician, and then to "export to domestic sales."
3
In-depth observation
What problems does the "Academician Ecosystem" have to solve?
The phenomenon of "only academicians" is worrying, and the phenomenon of "academic magnates" breeds due to the binding of titles
The founder of an integrated circuit company in Zhejiang returned to China to start a business in 2018. In the process of applying for preferential policies for the project, the local government invited a number of academicians to conduct on-site defenses in accordance with the usual practice.
What makes him unacceptable is that some academicians are nearly 90 years old and have long been out of the front line of science and technology and industry. They are regarded as the authority of industrial layout and determine the direction of policy resources based on their hard titles.
There are also academicians who do not correspond to the project majors, and even speak "outsiders".
In interviews with reporters, in addition to expressing concerns about the phenomenon of "only academicians", many scholars also mentioned the phenomenon of "student clique".
It is easy to get major subjects, organize large teams, breed "inbreeding", and even induce semi-commercial behaviors in academia... Academician titles bind too many benefits and powers, and it is easy to breed the phenomenon of "academic cliques" driven by interests and rigid structures. .
"Outsiders see it as an expert selection. In fact, everyone knows who is related to who, and they will definitely be able to participate." A scholar in Shandong Province admitted that the selection of academicians needs to exclude "students" from causing troubles and eliminate "paying for academicians." Back to the big tree to enjoy the cool" and other chaos.
An academician can influence the academic atmosphere and vitality of a group of scholars and even the entire discipline.
The academicians need to have standards and considerations that have both ability and political integrity. They must not only lead the scientific and technological breakthrough, but also take the lead in creating a vigorous and clear academic space.
Over-linking with interest and power has caused some academicians to behave deviatedly. They have a completely different style from the scientists who were engaged in the "two bombs and one star" at the beginning.
While enjoying the convenience and resources, academicians lack corresponding norms and constraints.
Once an academician is evaluated, he will be able to rise to the commanding heights of academics and morality. Even if academic or behavioral misconduct occurs, the punishment is relatively light and relatively hidden, and efforts should be made to fill the blind spots in the system.
4
Permanent cure
How to return the academician system to scientific research itself?
Take honor as a guide, grasp the "four aspects" and improve the supporting mechanism
Behind the widespread concern about the reform of the academician system, it is implicit that the public has good expectations for academicians.
The academicians, scientists and university experts interviewed in Beijing, Guangdong, Shandong, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Hainan and other places believe that they should firmly grasp the "four aspects" requirements of the central government for the majority of scientific and technological workers, and be guided by the honor system. Returning the academician system to scientific research itself is a fundamental solution.
Returning to honor is currently an urgent reform task to improve my country's academician selection system.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the reform of my country's academician system has continued to advance steadily, but how to implement these meticulous designs in all links and multiple levels is the most difficult and most important thing.
Judging from the current academician selection method, the achievements and contributions of candidates in the field of science and technology are the primary evaluation criteria.
How to define it is clearly stipulated in the documents of the two houses.
On the basis of the existing system, the selection of academicians should further grasp the following principles:
The key to construction: four aspects.
It is necessary to firmly grasp the central government’s requirements for the “four aspects” of scientists and scientific and technological workers, that is, to shoulder historical responsibilities, to adhere to facing the frontiers of world science and technology, facing the main economic battlefield, facing the major needs of the country, facing the lives and health of the people, and constantly The breadth and depth of science and technology advances.
Adhering to this principle, whether it is the academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences or the candidates recommended by organizations at all levels, they will not deviate from the original intention of the academician system.
Ningque is not overrun and does not strike a balance.
The selection of academicians should focus on avoiding academic balance and regional balance factors.
We must not only avoid talent gaps, but also uphold the principle of "Ning Que not overrun".
Both ability and political integrity, indifferent to fame and fortune.
"Some academicians from developed countries, including Nobel Prize winners, are mostly engaged in scientific research and teaching tasks in the frontline. Academicians who are university professors are still teaching undergraduates, and undergraduates will give them grades at the end of the term. In-service professors go out to give lectures, and their treatment is strictly limited. , You need to report to the school to avoid reputation rent-seeking.” said the founder of a company on the Science and Technology Board.
Scientific layout, international perspective.
Proactively attacking with a broader international perspective and attracting more outstanding young and middle-aged scientists at home and abroad to join is of great significance to the construction of a diverse and integrated academician echelon and a scientific and technological talent cultivation system.
The interviewed academicians and scientific researchers of the two academies believe that at the practical level, the selection of academicians can be further improved in terms of selection, voting, style of study, supervision, and withdrawal.
Peak-oriented, one-line slope.
"Academicians should be role models among scientific workers, and workers on the front line of science and technology." The founder of a technology company said frankly that elected academicians should be recognized as "peak" figures in the industry.
"It is not difficult to see in some countries that some elderly Nobel Prize winners are still working in the laboratory, setting an example, which is admirable."
Perfect voting and transparent selection.
In recent years, the detailed design of the candidate nomination method, co-election mechanism, candidate publicity and complaint classification investigation mechanism has been continuously improved in the selection of academicians of the two academies.
This year, there are active reform measures in the voting mechanism for the selection of academicians.
Follow the law and establish a style of study.
Academicians should have the spirit of national scholars.
Academically, it is necessary to establish a good style of study, promote national consciousness, scientific spirit, and lifelong learning, and truly fulfill the people's inner expectation of "national wealth, people's pride, and national glory" for academicians.
Diversified supervision and perfect exit.
The selection of academicians should stand the test of history, accept extensive supervision from the government and society, and correct deviations in a timely manner.
In addition to the withdrawal mechanism for academicians who violate laws, regulations or moral bottom lines, academicians should also follow the retirement system on an equal footing with others.
According to Xinhua News Agency, People's Daily
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"Golden Academician"
On February 5, the Shandong Association for Science and Technology released the "Shandong Association for Science and Technology Proposed Announcement of the 2021 Academician Candidates of the Chinese Academy of Engineering" on its official website. Chen Yumin, chairman of Shandong Gold Group Co., Ltd., was among the 11 candidates.
According to the "Public Notice", Chen Yumin was born in May 1961 in Lu'an, Anhui. He is currently the Secretary of the Party Committee and Chairman of Shandong Gold Group Co., Ltd., and concurrently the deputy director of the Economic Committee of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
It successfully led Shandong Gold Group to become the country's largest gold producer, ranks 10th among global gold companies, and once ranked as the largest listed company in the non-ferrous metal industry by market capitalization, and was awarded the "China Industry Award".
On the afternoon of February 19, the Shandong Association for Science and Technology responded to online disputes. The media stated that the Shandong Association for Science and Technology recommended according to the standards and requirements of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology. As for the relevant standards and requirements, you can check it on the website of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology. , There is no argument to provide.
After the incident was exposed, it caused widespread controversy. Some netizens put Chen Yumin and Wang Li, the chief engineer of the Kweichow Moutai Distillery, who was also elected and recommended by the Guizhou Association for Science and Technology, as the "Liquor Academician" and the "Golden Academician" respectively. ".
"Academician of Tobacco"
This is not the first time that disputes such as "Golden Academician" and "Liujiu Academician" have appeared.
The last person who caused an uproar in public opinion was "Tobacco Academician" Xie Jianping.
In 2011, Xie Jianping, then vice president of the Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, which caused fierce controversy.
Xie Jianping is an expert in tobacco chemistry researching on "scorching reduction and harm reduction". He was elected after three nominations in four years.
According to the official website of the Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Xie Jianping was elected as the vice president and party member of the Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute at the time. In 1992, he was named an "Expert with Outstanding Contributions to the Tobacco System".
In 2000, he was awarded the honorary title of "National Tobacco Industry Model Worker" by the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration.
At that time, there were three main voices of doubt: first, the technical content was questioned, second, smoking was harmful to health, and third, tobacco companies were big profits and taxes, and they were suspected of "commercial intrusion into science."
What was the final result of this matter?
Although the Tobacco Academicians are controversial, the elected academicians have not been revoked. However, the Chinese Academy of Engineering stated that it will no longer accept nominations and recommendations for candidates in the field of tobacco science and technology.
According to People’s Daily, The Paper