Can the stubborn disease of "kindergarten primary schoolization" be resolved?
"Be sure to recognize and write in advance and learn pinyin." Faced with children who are about to "get up from a young age", many parents have "learned" from the "lessons" of batch after batch of parents of elementary school students.
Therefore, there are always two groups of freshmen in each elementary school: one is students who have prepared knowledge before entering elementary school, they can read and write Chinese characters and pinyin, they can add and subtract hundreds of digits, and recite multiplication tables; the other is Beginner students.
"Although the education administration department is also insisting on two things between children and young children, one is to prohibit the entrance examination of elementary schools, and the other is to prevent the primary school education in kindergartens. However, due to the huge gap between the large kindergarten classes and the first grade of elementary school, this is a solution to the problem. The problem of lowering the burden of study in the early stage of enrollment has no obvious effect." said Hua Aihua, a professor in the Department of Education of East China Normal University.
Recently, the "Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Promoting the Scientific Connection between Kindergartens and Primary Schools" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guiding Opinions") was released.
The "Guiding Opinions" put forward a series of targeted and important measures: the state revises the compulsory education curriculum standards, adjusts the first-year curriculum arrangement, rationally arranges the content gradient, and slows down the teaching progress.
Strengthen the collaboration between children and children, and build a ladder for children to transition from kindergarten to primary school through the implementation of kindergarten entrance preparation and primary school entrance adaptation education, and help children to achieve a smooth transition from kindergarten to primary school.
Through the establishment of joint education research and development, the improvement of the mutual education mechanism, the strengthening of comprehensive management, and the strengthening of scientific guidance, a good education ecology is formed, and scientific connection and effective connection are promoted.
The "Guiding Opinions" requires that provinces (regions, cities) should establish a batch of experimental areas for connecting young and primary schools with counties (districts) as the unit, select and determine a batch of pilot primary schools and kindergartens, and carry out pilot projects first, and advance hierarchically.
In the fall semester of 2021, the pilot program for linking up young children will be launched, and the fall semester of 2022 will be fully launched.
Keywords: two-way convergence
Change the tendency of preschool education to "discipline" and "primary school"
"Kindergarten connection has always been an important task in kindergarten education, but it is incredible that in the nearly two decades since the entire basic education curriculum reform has continuously achieved major results, the connection has become increasingly difficult. The reason is that It is because the academic competition of primary and secondary school students has always impacted the curriculum reform of kindergartens through various channels of school, family and society, and the pressure of learning has already moved down to the infant stage." Hua Aihua said.
"Insist on two-way convergence. Strengthen the sense of convergence, kindergartens and primary schools coordinate and cooperate, scientifically prepare for school entrance and school adaptation, and promote the smooth transition of children." The "Guiding Opinions" put forward the "two-way convergence" between kindergartens and primary schools for the first time.
"The state has issued some policies on the issue of the connection between young and elementary schools, and there have been some practices in various localities. Although certain results have been achieved, there are still many problems." In the opinion of Dou Guimei, the principal of the primary school affiliated to Tsinghua University, the most obvious is the kindergarten’s "hot "The problem is that kindergartens are actively moving closer to primary schools. In fact, the connection between kindergartens and primary schools cannot be solved by kindergartens alone.
Kindergarten teachers strive to "send one ride and send another ride" to the elementary school, and elementary school teachers should also work hard to "take one stop and another stop."
"The first week of the starting course" is a practical exploration of Tsinghua Primary School.
It is reported that the school helps children to adapt to school through gamified, life-oriented, and comprehensive exploratory learning. It has also developed a teaching method of private class in the first grade, that is, two head teachers teach multiple subjects and two head teachers. Just like the "dad" and "mother" of a family, they can not only pay attention to every student to the utmost extent, but also move closer to the kindergarten model of one class with a main class and two teachers in the class.
"We must scientifically understand the nature of'children' connection': to allow children to obtain appropriate development in their psychological and physical development, and to promote children's health and all-round development." Wu Weimin, a teacher at the Teachers Training School in Fangshan District, Beijing, believes that it should focus on the needs of children in school. The key qualities of the children are targeted to help children prepare for school in various aspects such as physical and mental health, habit formation, social interaction, and learning quality and ability, so that children have a positive expectation and yearning for life in elementary schools.
"The "Guiding Opinions" clarified the two-stage two-way connection task, namely, kindergarten entrance preparation and primary school entrance adaptation. From the perspective of society's requirements for talent quality, schools at all levels should be connected step by step in terms of curriculum content. From the perspective of the continuity of talent development, the teaching methods of schools at all levels should be connected step by step. For this reason, the "Guiding Opinions" give tips on the content of school preparation and the teaching methods of school adaptation: Primary school The teaching method of the kindergarten should be closer to the kindergarten, not the teaching method of the kindergarten is closer to the elementary school, and the content of the kindergarten entrance preparation should lay the foundation to help the learning of the elementary school." Hua Aihua said that early childhood education should change the long-term "discipline" "Primary" and "primary school" tendencies.
Keywords: alleviation of convergence slope
To give first-year freshmen a positive emotional experience
The kindergarten children instantly become first-grade "xiaodoubao".
How to help children naturally integrate into elementary school life and complete the first transition from "pre-school" to "post-school" in life is a key step in children's growth.
Dou Guimei analyzed that after children enter elementary school from kindergarten, great changes have taken place in their interpersonal environment, learning methods, and content.
Some children have strong adaptability and strong curiosity in the face of unfamiliar environments.
Some children are accustomed to the company of their parents, have strong attachments, are very resistant to unfamiliar environments and people, and need to be given physical and psychological guidance and attention.
The “Guiding Opinions” put forward the comprehensive promotion of school preparation and school adaptation education in kindergartens and primary schools, slowing down the gradient of convergence, and helping children to smoothly transition from kindergarten to primary school.
The state revises compulsory education curriculum standards, adjusts the first grade curriculum arrangement, rationally arranges content gradients, and slows down the teaching progress.
Primary schools set the first semester of the first grade as the entrance adaptation period, focusing on the implementation of entrance adaptation education. Local curricula, school curricula and comprehensive practical activities are mainly used to organize and carry out entrance adaptation activities to ensure class schedules.
It is necessary to effectively change the phenomenon of neglecting children's physical and mental characteristics and receptive ability, and resolutely correct the wrong practice of exceeding standard teaching and blindly catching up with the progress.
The reporter noticed that the opening chapter of "Primary School Admission and Adaptation Education Guidance Points" made people’s eyes bright. The relevant description can almost be said to have "changed" the familiar first-grade classroom: "In the early stage of enrollment, create a class environment similar to that of kindergarten. , Such as: allow children to bring their favorite books and toys to enhance their psychological safety and relieve school anxiety; flexibly arrange desks and chairs as needed, and support teachers to carry out education and teaching through games and activities; outdoor activities in the first grade Appropriate sports equipment and game materials are provided in the area; warm graphic tips are posted to help children familiarize themselves with the campus environment."
"The most important thing for freshmen in the first grade of elementary school is not to learn to count and arithmetic, words and texts, but to establish a friendly and smooth relationship between teachers and students, so that every child can have a sense of security, intimacy, and belonging." Wu Zhengxian, a special-grade teacher at the Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences, said that when every child feels at home with the new collective, he will naturally have a peaceful and stable mood and a positive attitude.
Helping children maintain a good emotional state will help them adapt to the new environment and interpersonal relationships in elementary school as soon as possible. Children's positive emotional experience is a key step in the smooth transition of young children.
Keywords: education ecology
Strengthen the sense of negotiation in the relationship between home and school
The scientific concepts of education are not the same between home and school.
The result of repeated orders from the top of the country has stimulated the efforts of families: kindergartens do not teach, parents teach; schools reduce the burden, and families increase.
"This is because there is a problem with the education ecology. The "Guiding Opinions" focuses on the governance of the education ecology, which is extremely wise." Hua Aihua reads three points that can be monitored from the main objectives of the "Guiding Opinions": The first is whether the gradient of convergence between young and young is significantly slowed down, the second is whether a long-term mechanism for synergy between young and young is established, the third is whether the educational concepts and behaviors of teachers and parents are significantly changed, and in short, whether a scientifically connected educational ecology has been formed.
Hua Aihua believes that the "Guiding Opinions" proposes the establishment of an interoperable learning community for young children and the improvement of the home-school co-education mechanism, which is the key to solving the education ecology.
"To improve the co-education mechanism, I think we should emphasize the awareness of consultation in the relationship between home and school. Negotiation means equality, mutual benefit and cooperation. Equality means that home and school are the subjects of the education process, and they are in a relationship of mutual respect. Non-party is passive, reciprocity requires that all parties’ demands should be understood and recognized by the other party, and cooperation refers to joint efforts on the basis of consistent goals.” Hua Aihua suggested.
The "Guiding Opinions" put forward that kindergartens and elementary schools should regard parents as important partners, establish an effective home-school coordination communication mechanism, and guide parents to actively cooperate with kindergartens and elementary schools to jointly do a good job of connection.
It is necessary to promptly understand the puzzles and opinions of parents in school preparation and school adaptation, to help parents understand the dangers of over-strengthening knowledge preparation and learning elementary school curriculum content in advance, relieve parents' pressure and anxiety, create a good family education atmosphere, and actively cooperate The kindergarten and elementary school are well connected.
At present, the academic competitiveness of each school stage is mainly placed on "advanced learning" and "repeated problem solving". The use of time to strengthen knowledge reflects the low efficiency of teaching.
In the opinion of experts, the key to achieving efficiency gains is through the reform of courses and teaching methods.
"Enhancing efficiency means high quality per unit of time, which means enriching life experience for students, setting aside time for expanding interests, and ensuring all-round development. This requires a scientific approach to teaching and learning: how much homework does the primary school do? Appropriate? What kind of classroom atmosphere can keep children with continuous enthusiasm? How can kindergartens prepare for school under the premise of de-primary schooling? What are the timeliness of immediate and long-term effects?..." Hua Aihua said, it is worth thinking about There are many research questions.
Dou Guimei said that people's focus on the convergence of young children is an exploratory process from "renewing educational concepts" to "how to transform concepts into practice".
This requires us to understand "learning" from the law of children's development, and grasp "teaching" in guiding children's development.
Parents should correctly establish the awareness of active learning, understand the psychological laws of children's growth and development, and finally reach an educational consensus, guide the society and parents to form correct educational concepts, and help children smooth the transition.
(Our reporter Jin Xiaoyan and Zhou Shixiang)