In 1986, the archaeological discovery of No. 1 and 2 "sacrifice pits" at the Sanxingdui site, unearthed more

than a thousand precious cultural relics

such as bronze statues, bronze statues, bronze sacred trees, golden masks, golden rods, large jade Zhang, and ivory

, most of which have not been seen before , Revealing a brand-new bronze cultural face, amazed the world.

　　Experts speculate that there should be 6 to 8 bronze sacred trees in the "sacrifice pit". Among them, the No. 1 and No. 2 sacred trees have taken more than ten years and have been repaired relatively intact. The No. 3 sacred tree has recently begun to be assembled. repair.

Let's learn about the story of the bronze sacred tree ↓↓↓

　　Recently, the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, in conjunction with the Palace Museum and Beijing University of Science and Technology, conducted a non-destructive analysis of the No. 3 sacred tree, and found that the No. 3 sacred tree has advanced casting technology.

Qu Liang, research librarian of the Ministry of Culture, Protection, Science and Technology of the Palace Museum:

For example, X-ray CT, in-situ diffraction, and in-situ component analysis methods are mainly non-destructive analysis methods. Its purpose is to obtain access to this cultural relic with minimal intervention. As much as possible internal structure information, matrix composition information, some information about rust products.

　　Through CT scan images, experts found that the branches and trunks of the No. 3 sacred tree were connected by split casting and casting.

Chen Kunlong, a professor at the Institute of Science and Technology History and Cultural Heritage of Beijing University of Science and Technology:

It is very, very similar to the copper casting process of the Shang culture in our Central Plains region at the same time. It uses the same casting method.

From this perspective, we can know that the Sanxingdui civilization did not develop in isolation.

　　The human-faced bird-body statue at the top of the tree trunk of No. 3 sacred tree is small and exquisite. It has a square head and face, big ears and a high nose. The eyes are convex, the bird's body is short, and the bird's wings are damaged. The test results show that it has experienced at least 4 to 5 times casting process.

Chen Kunlong, a professor at the Institute of Science and Technology History and Cultural Heritage of Beijing University of Science and Technology:

Its tail wing and the attachments on the human face crown are formed by casting separately, and after casting, its inner core will be hollowed out, and then different Assemble it with the components, and at the same time it is possible to re-cast the molten copper into it to make it a whole.

First, its process is very complicated. Second, it does some casting operations in such a small space. It can be seen that the casting craftsman of Sanxingdui at that time was very, very superb.

　　The non-renewability of cultural relics determines that the detection of cultural relics requires as little intervention and contact as possible. CT scans can obtain images of the internal structure of cultural relics, and open X-ray fluorescence spectrometers can analyze the elemental composition of inorganic cultural relics. Experts take this to 3 The corrosion products and the degree of corrosion of the sacred tree were analyzed.

Qu Liang, research librarian of the Ministry of Culture, Protection, Science and Technology of the Palace Museum:

According to the current state of our actual cultural relics and the results of our CT, in fact, in the location of these joints, the joint parts of the casting joints are actually used. The corrosion is more serious, and it also provides some enlightenment for the subsequent protection and restoration.

　　According to reports, up to now, the shape of the three main trunks of the Sanxingdui No. 3 sacred tree has been initially restored.

Compared with the No. 1 sacred tree with a total height of nearly 4 meters, and the No. 2 sacred tree with a height of nearly 2 meters, the No. 3 sacred tree is relatively small, but its branches are wrapped in gold bark and the trunk is in the shape of twisted braids. The sacred trees No. 1 and No. 2 are completely different.

Yu Jian, Director of the Exhibition and Custody Department of Sanxingdui Museum, Guanghan, Sichuan: When the

No. 3 sacred tree was unearthed, its three main trunks were completely mutilated. Based on the existing more than 70 pieces, it was stitched together in a healed form. .

The volume is relatively small, maybe about 1 meter in height.

According to the general view of the shape of the No. 1 and No. 2 sacred tree after restoration and restoration, the base of the No. 3 sacred tree is missing, and it will not land as its entire three branches. Stress points.

But this base is currently not found in our No. 1 and No. 2 pits. We hope to find its fragments in the new sacrificial pit.

　　During the restoration process, the experts also discovered the human head bird figure that is only available in the No. 3 sacred tree. It is the size of a palm, the head has a square face, big ears and high nose, and the eyes are convex, similar to the shape of the eyeballs of the longitudinal eye mask.

The bird's body is short and the bird's wings are damaged.

Yu Jian, Director of the Exhibition and Custody Department of Sanxingdui Museum in Guanghan, Sichuan:

It was said that there were only two relatively complete bird statues at the time. Later, during the restoration process, we found that there were still relative traces in some parts of this part. Since it is symmetrical, it can't have only one section, you see, its tail feathers are very long.

Finally, after I went to find it in the warehouse, I matched it with it, and indeed found that the two could be put together, and it was the part of its tail feathers.

　　The lower part of this mutilated human head bird figure has been found, and some of the upper body is missing.

Yu Jian, director of the exhibition and preservation department of the Sanxingdui Museum in Guanghan, Sichuan:

The wings on one side and the tail feathers on its tail are basically missing.

In the process of restoring it, we must use a symmetry principle to restore its incomplete parts. At the same time, at another point, the crown on the head of the bird like us is incomplete, and one more is The base of our No. 3 sacred tree is also a bit incomplete, and the bottom of these ornaments is also incomplete.

Then we will not repair (for the time being) if there is no basis for repairing these defects, and keep the original appearance.

After the restoration is complete, it will be exhibited to the public in the museum as soon as possible.

Yu Jian, director of the exhibition and preservation department of Sanxingdui Museum in Guanghan, Sichuan:

"Human-footed and bird-like figures" only have the lower body, not the upper body. So this thing is some broken parts that might really be found in these pits.

Reporter:

What does it mean if there are missing parts (components) found in the new pit?

The leader of the archaeological excavation team at Sanxingdui Ruins Thunderstorm:

Then the pit may be a pair with "Pit No. 2" and formed at the same time.

　　In 1986, bronze giants, Zongmu masks, bronze god trees and other national treasures were unearthed in Sanxingdui No. 2 Pit. According to expert judgments, there are 6 to 8 bronze god trees in the sacrificial pit, among which No. 1 god with a residual height of nearly 4 meters The tree is the most famous.

The trunk of the sacred tree is straight, with 3 layers of branches, 3 branches extending from each layer, all branches are drooping softly like willows, 9 branches are roughly the same, the middle of the branches protrudes short branches, the short branches have flower buds, and the buds are on each There is a bird with its head and tail raised, but nine birds have a strange phenomenon. Their wings have been broken.

The artists of Sanxingdui carefully placed 9 bronze birds cast from a uniform specification on the bronze sacred tree, which may indicate that they have the same mission.

Chen Dean, the former stationmaster of the Sanxingdui site workstation and a research librarian of the Sichuan Archaeological Research Institute: In other

words, it worships the sun god, we say that it worships the sun god.

　　In ancient Chinese myths, the legends about the sun all have the image of a bird.

In the "Ten Day Mythology", ten sacred birds take turns on duty, carrying the sun rising from the east to the west.

Some scholars believe that there are 9 birds in the Sanxingdui sacred tree. There may be a bird on the top, or it may express the intention of another one on duty in the sky.

In our ancient mythology, ten sunbirds perched on sacred trees such as Fusang, Ruomu and Jianmu.

Some experts believe that the bronze sacred tree of Sanxingdui is not only related to sun worship. In the eyes of the ancient Shu ancestors of Sanxingdui, this sacred tree is also a ladder connecting heaven and earth to communicate with people and gods. Wood, or a complex of various sacred trees, still awaits further investigation by new archaeological excavations.

The leader of the archaeological excavation team

at

Sanxingdui Ruins Thunderstorm:

At least in terms of phenomenon, there are some, such as the sacred trees of bronzes, and the shape of the trees. This is indeed not a tradition on the land of China at that time.

The aesthetic concept, artistic creativity or exaggerated tension, this kind of artistic imagination, in this respect, the Central Plains cannot keep up with Sanxingdui. From these perspectives, understanding Sanxingdui has indeed enriched Chinese civilization.

"Sleeping three thousand years, they wake up shaking down"

.

In the "Shan Hai Jing" that records ancient Chinese myths, there are "Fusang" and "Ruomu" sacred trees standing in the East and West.

The huge bronze sacred tree in Sanxingdui shows the ancient Chinese "cosmic sacred tree" and has become the most intuitive "physical sample" of ancient myths, interpreting the "sacred tree", "ten days" and "sun bird" that have been sung for thousands of years. The beautiful legend.

As the restoration work continues, perhaps we can find more secrets hidden behind the ancient myths.