Why is Sanxingdui known as one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of mankind in the 20th century? To find the answer
Since its inception, the mysterious Sanxingdui has attracted the attention of the world, and is known as one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of mankind in the 20th century.
35 years after the discovery of the first and second pits, Sanxingdui archaeology has once again attracted global attention.
On the afternoon of March 17, CCTV News New Media launched the first interactive live broadcast of the "Mystery of the World Sanxingdui" series, "The Mystery of the World Sanxingdui, 35 Years After Archaeology Regained Global Attention."
The guest of the live broadcast, Chen Dean, the old stationmaster of Sanxingdui workstation, said that after the discovery of Sanxingdui No. 1 and No. 2 pits in 1986, archaeologists carried out systematic excavations and unearthed thousands of cultural relics, including human heads, human masks, and human masks. Unseen cultural relics such as gold objects reflect the very unique culture of Sanxingdui.
△Chen Dean at the excavation site in Sanxingdui in 1986
What are the meanings of these cultural relics?
What kind of traces of life can be gleaned from the ancient Shu people?
During the live broadcast, Zou Peng, the gold medalist of the Sanxingdui Museum, took the netizens on a treasure hunting trip.
Clothing, food, housing, transportation, spiritual culture are the five elements of our daily life, and for the ancient Shu people, none of them are indispensable.
Clothing|Da Liren, Golden Rod, Golden Mask: Look at the highest-end dress and collocation of ancient Shu people
The bronze statue leading the group of bronze statues is 260.8 cm tall, wearing a high crown, and wearing a three-layered coat. The innermost layer is the longest, like a tuxedo.
The clothes are rich in ornamentation, including reciprocating patterns, eye patterns, and dragon patterns. Experts infer that the identity of Darius must be very noble.
The 1.42 meters long golden rod weighing about 500 grams has exquisite engraved patterns. It is the earliest cultural relic found to be carved with gold using engraving technology.
The pattern includes fish, bird, an arrow that runs through the two, and a human head wearing a crown. Experts inferred that this might be the scepter of Yu Fu, the king of Shu at the time.
Many golden masks were unearthed in Sanxingdui, many of which were pasted on the faces of bronze figures, like golden masks. The ancient Shu people adopted this method to reflect their worship of gold.
△Golden Face Bronze Head
Food|Tao three-legged cookware, pottery 盉: drinking and drinking hot pot Gushu life is really happy
During the Sanxingdui period, agricultural production achieved certain development, and there was a surplus of grain, which could be stored in clay pots.
△Clay pot
Tao Sanzuo cookware was dubbed by netizens as the earliest Sichuan hot pot.
Its three legs stand together and communicate with the mouth, which expands the capacity and surface area, and is convenient for the bottom to be fired and heated.
△ Pottery three-legged cooker
During the Sanxingdui period, not only the winemaking technology was developed and the wine production was high, but the drinking utensils were also very diverse. The unearthed pottery vessels and other wine vessels can show that the ancient Shu people have already had the habit of drinking.
△Tao Jian
△ Wine vessel
Live|Qingguanshan Palace Architecture: Look at the house of the ancient Shu people
The Qingguanshan Palace has a construction area of close to 1,000 square meters. It is a large, two-story, dry-lane building. According to the specifications of the building, it is likely to be a palace in the ancient Shu Kingdom or a sacrificial temple at that time.
OK|Ivory, Seashell: Although the road of Shu is difficult, it can reach the sea
In Sanxingdui culture, there are many artifacts that embody the spirit of openness and tolerance.
Not only pottery, jade, and bronze have the style of the Central Plains and some regions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, but also ivory products and seashells produced in the Indian Ocean are unearthed, which are likely to be foreign artifacts.
This reflected that Sanxingdui had already had business exchanges with South Asia and Southeast Asia at that time.
△ Haibei
△Ivory products
Culture|Yuzhang, God Tree, Zongmu: What Totems Have Ancient Shu People
This bronze object resembling a steering wheel is the symbol of the sun. It is called the sun wheel. It is a portrayal of the ancient Shu people's sun worship. The five-part division also shows that the ancient Shu people have superb mathematical ideas.
△Sun wheel
The longitudinal eye mask weighs 80 kilograms. The eyes stick out from the eye sockets and are 16 cm long. After the two ears are unfolded, the mask is 138 cm wide. It symbolizes clairvoyance and wind ears.
△Longitudinal mask
In addition to the longitudinal eye masks, many eye-shaped artifacts have been unearthed in Sanxingdui, reflecting the worship of the eyes of the ancient Shu people.
△Copper Eye Shaper
Yuzhang is a kind of ritual tool for offering sacrifices to the mountains. The patterns include people, mountains, and clouds. Experts believe that the patterns on Zhang are the scenes of ancient people standing on the mountain and offering sacrifices to the mountain gods.
△Sacrifice to the mountain Yuzhang
The Bronze No. 1 sacred tree is nearly 4 meters high, with 3 layers and 9 birds standing on the branches.
On the side of the tree, there is a copper dragon leaning down, like a rope.
It is inferred that this portrays the story in the ancient "ten-day mythology" that the god bird carried the sun to bring light to the world, and also reflected the ancient Shu people's view of the universe.
Let's take a photo to take a look at the scene of the ancient Shu people sacrificing sacrifices simulated by the Sanxingdui Museum.
The tall altar, the towering altar, the crowd of worshippers, and the fire of the sky are all aimed at expressing the spiritual pursuit of "harmony between man and nature", which is the human desire to live in harmony with nature, showing the richness of ancient Shu ancestors Life consciousness and broad sense of the universe.
The cultural relics unearthed in Sanxingdui No. 1 and No. 2 pits show the colorful world of the ancient Shu Kingdom.
At present, the new phase of excavation has begun. CCTV News will pay attention to relevant excavations and CCTV news throughout the process. Let us look forward to new archaeological discoveries.
Reporter丨Lu Nian