Blood test, bloodletting with ten fingers to treat apoplexy, miscarriage caused by musk...
Just look at the medical knowledge in the costume drama, don't take it seriously
"The truth will be known at first sight."
"Test what?"
"Dating test."
Recently, the TV series "Zuo Son-in-law" is on the air.
In the play, the villain makes a big fuss at the protagonist’s wedding and uses a blood test to frame the protagonist who had an illegitimate child before marriage.
The protagonist sees through the tricks and denounces the villain, making the audience scream.
The blood test should be regarded as the old part of the costume drama, and it has also appeared in the popular costume dramas such as "Zhen Huan Biography" and "Xun Qin Ji".
So, from a scientific point of view, is it reliable to recognize blood?
In addition, is there any scientific basis for common plots in costume dramas such as biting one's tongue and committing suicide, bloodletting with ten fingers to treat stroke, and miscarriage caused by musk and safflower?
In this regard, a reporter from Science and Technology Daily interviewed relevant experts.
Can blood be tested?
Truth: There are obvious limitations, and the result is not completely credible
"There are indeed records in ancient books about the blood test of relatives, that is, the blood of two people is dripped together to see if they are fused together to judge whether the two are related by blood. But from the perspective of modern science, this method It is unreliable.” Ma Haimei, director of the blood transfusion department of Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Memorial Hospital affiliated to Tsinghua University, said in an interview with a reporter from Science and Technology Daily that the blood of the two was directly dripped together without the intervention of media (such as water, etc.). Whether they can be compatible depends mainly on whether the blood types are consistent.
Ma Haimei introduced that human blood is mainly composed of blood cells and plasma. Red blood cells are the main component of blood cells. The surface of red blood cells carries blood group antigens. There are usually antibodies in plasma.
The binding of antigen and antibody is specific, that is, the same type of antigen will "cluster" (forming a clump) when it is combined with the antibody, and different types of antigens and antibodies will not bind.
For example, type A antigens can bind to anti-type A antibodies, but cannot bind to anti-type B antibodies.
The red blood cells of type A blood carry type A antigens on the surface, and their plasma contains anti-type B antibodies, but does not contain anti-type A antibodies. Therefore, under normal circumstances, there will be no antigen-antibody binding reaction between type A blood, and they are compatible. of.
In other words, if two people have the same blood type, they will usually blend in their blood.
If the two blood types are different, such as blood type A and blood type B respectively, since the red blood cells in type B blood carry type B antigen and their plasma contains anti-type A antibodies, then the type A antigen in red blood cells of type A will be It binds to the anti-type A antibody in the blood plasma of type B blood and forms visible particles or clumps in the in vitro experiment, and the more the blood volume, the more the particles.
"Of course, the probability of having the same blood type between relatives is higher than that between strangers." In Ma Haimei's view, blood test can be regarded as an early prototype of the application of blood group immunology technology.
The premise of the above discussion is that there is no media intervention, so if there is media, two drops of blood are directly dripped together, what will happen?
In the hit costume drama "The Legend of Zhen Huan", there is a setting: if alum is placed in water, the blood of the biological father and son will not blend; if the oil is used in the water, the blood of the biological father and son can be blended.
Is this statement correct?
Ma Haimei pointed out that if a drop of blood is put into clean water, the osmotic pressure in the red blood cells is greater than the osmotic pressure of water, and the water will penetrate into the red blood cells to swell and rupture, causing hemolysis.
To the naked eye, it is this drop of blood that spreads out in the water.
If another drop of blood is added, it will be dissolved in the water in the same way. At this time, regardless of the blood type, the result is that the two drops of blood will melt together.
The addition of alum or clear oil in the water changes the medium of the blood drop reaction, but does not fundamentally make the osmotic pressure inside and outside the red blood cells consistent, so it will not affect the final result.
"In short, blood test has obvious limitations. Strictly speaking, the same blood type does not verify whether two people are direct relatives. Other evidence is needed. Under current scientific conditions, genetic DNA typing is a judgment. The main method of parent-child relationship." Ma Haimei said.
Ten-finger bleeding can cure stroke?
Truth: Don’t bleed yourself and seek medical attention immediately if you feel uncomfortable
In the costume drama "The Biography of Female Doctor Ming Fei", the protagonist once used an embroidery needle to prick ten fingers to treat the elderly with stroke. This bloodletting therapy was once crazy in the WeChat circle of friends.
So, can ten-finger bleeding therapy really cure stroke?
First of all, we must learn to judge whether we or the people around us have a stroke.
Wei Chenming, an attending physician at the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tsinghua University, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that the "120" formula can be used to judge: 1 face, see if there is an asymmetry or skewed angle on the face; 2 arms, see Whether he has unilateral weakness when his arms are raised horizontally; 0 (listening) to listen to the language to see if he has slurred speech and difficulty in expression.
As long as one of the above three situations occurs, one must be highly vigilant and immediately go to the hospital for rescue.
After judging the symptoms of stroke, let's talk about ten-finger bleeding therapy.
Sun Jingqing, chief physician of the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion at Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and many other Chinese medicine physicians have said in an interview with the media that bloodletting can indeed be used to treat stroke, but the premise is that the syndrome must be distinguished.
Some stroke patients are suitable for bloodletting treatment, while others are not.
Stroke is called stroke in western medicine.
Wei Chenming said that in the modern medical system, strokes are divided into two types: ischemic and hemorrhagic. There is no clear evidence that finger bleeding can treat strokes.
"After a stroke is sent to the doctor, the doctor must first distinguish as soon as possible whether the disease is a hemorrhagic stroke or ischemic stroke. For patients with ischemic stroke, within the golden 4.5 hours after the onset, they should receive intravenous veins in time. Thrombolysis recanalization treatment.” Wei Chenming repeatedly emphasized that when someone around him has a stroke, the most important thing is to take the time and send him to the hospital immediately.
Wei Chenming does not encourage non-professionals to bleed patients on their own.
"In clinical practice, we often see patients whose ten fingers, earlobes, center of eyebrows and other parts have been bleeding. These practices not only delay the treatment time, but also the wounds formed by bleeding may bleed again during subsequent admission to the hospital. Cause difficulties." He said.
Can musk and safflower cause miscarriage?
Truth: It has the effect of invigorating blood, pregnant women should use it with caution
In Gongdouju and Zhaidouju, musk and safflower are often the culprits leading to miscarriage of pregnant women.
So, do these things really have this medicinal effect?
"Musk and safflower both have blood-activating effects and may cause miscarriage in pregnant women. They should be used with caution during pregnancy, but they are not completely unusable." He Junqin, head of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, told a reporter from Science and Technology Daily.
Both musk and safflower are Chinese medicinal materials.
Musk is derived from the dry secretions of mature male deer musk deer, alpine musk deer, or original musk deer. It has the effects of promoting blood circulation, reducing swelling, and relieving pain. It is one of the ingredients of plasters, dieda pills and other medicines.
The scent of musk is very strong, and it also has the effect of resuscitation and awakening.
For pregnant women, it is not recommended to take medicines containing musk internally or externally under normal circumstances, but if there is an emergency such as sudden fainting or loss of consciousness, musk can also be used to refresh the mind.
"We must first ensure the safety of pregnant women, and then consider the fetus." He Junqin said.
Safflower is the dried flower of the safflower of the Compositae family. It has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. It is often used to regulate women's menstruation, and can treat dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea and other diseases.
He Junqin said that although safflower has the risk of miscarriage, it is sometimes used to prevent miscarriage.
Safflower may be used in the traditional Chinese medicine method of promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and fetal protection.
Therefore, under the premise of accurate syndrome differentiation, pregnant women can achieve the purpose of removing blood stasis and relieving fetus by taking medicines for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
"In short, pregnant women should use musk and safflower with caution. If you have to use it, you must follow the doctor's advice and do not use it for a long time." He Junqin said.
Can you kill yourself by biting your tongue?
Truth: It is difficult for people to continue to exert their strength under severe pain
Plots of biting one's tongue and committing suicide often appear in costume dramas.
"This has no scientific basis." Li Hua, chief physician of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tsinghua University, told a reporter from Science and Technology Daily.
Li Hua further explained that although the blood supply of the human tongue is particularly adequate, its main blood vessels are nothing more than the lingual artery and lingual vein, and the possibility of death from bleeding from the lingual vein is very small.
The diameter of the blood vessel at the thickest position at the root of the lingual artery does not exceed 3 mm.
What's more, the blood vessels that teeth can bite off are generally branches of the lingual artery. Bleeding from such a small artery is generally not fatal.
"Furthermore, the body's own defense mechanism does not allow people to continue to exert their strength in severe pain. Even if the self-inflicted determination is great, they will be involuntarily involuntarily." Li Hua said, even if driven by violence, he quickly bit his tongue. Broken, usually relying on the coagulation mechanism, this small arterial bleeding will also stop on its own before shock, and it will not be life-threatening at all.
Of course, the risk of death from biting the tongue is not zero.
For example, if the patient is unconscious after biting the tongue, if the blood flows to the trachea, it may cause suffocation; if the residual tissue of the tongue swells and then falls and blocks the airway, it may also lead to death.
“Most of the patients with tongue fractures we receive clinically have their tongues bitten off by others, and they have stopped bleeding locally when they come to the hospital.” Li Hua said, if the broken tongue does not last for a long time (less than 6 hours) and It is properly kept and can be sutured surgically to make it heal in situ.
Trainee reporter Yu Ziyue