Evaluation of the Great East Japan Earthquake reconstruction situation NHK questionnaire divided

Ten years before the Great East Japan Earthquake, NHK conducted a questionnaire to the victims of Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima.

When asked about the status of reconstruction, those who answered "delayed" or "not advanced at all" slightly exceeded those who answered "completed" or "advanced", and the progress of reconstruction (Shinchoku) ) Has been almost divided into two.

From December to January last year, NHK conducted a questionnaire survey of more than 4,000 people in Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima who were affected by the earthquake and the nuclear accident, and received responses from 1,805 people.

When asked how they felt about the reconstruction situation in the area where they lived at the time of the earthquake,

12.0%

answered that

"reconstruction was completed

", 33.7%

answered

"more advanced than expected

"

, and

"behind

expectations

". Was 43.3%, and

"not advanced at all" was 7.4%.

The evaluation of the progress of reconstruction was almost divided into two, with a total of 50.7% of negative responses, which was 5 points higher than positive responses.

On the other hand, the percentage of positive responses increased by about 6 points compared to last year, and the percentage of those who thought that reconstruction had progressed increased.

Looking at the results by prefecture, 28.6% of the respondents in Fukushima Prefecture answered that "reconstruction was completed" and "more advanced than expected".

It is lower than 58.9% in Miyagi prefecture and 44.9% in Iwate prefecture, and the magnitude of the impact of continued evacuation orders around the nuclear power plant is apparent.

53% said "reconstruction is worse than I had imagined"

When asked "How do you think about the current reconstruction compared to the reconstruction you originally envisioned?",

▽ "Better than envisioned" was 22.7%,

▽ "As envisioned" was 20.4%

▽ " "Worse than I had imagined" was 53.1%.

Even if the reconstruction of hardware progressed, many people thought that the actual situation was not as high as initially expected.

When asked the reasons for this in multiple answers to those who answered "worse than I had imagined", ▽ "connections between residents" was 59.3%,

▽ "lively" was 46.7%, and

▽ "enhancement of commercial facilities" was 39.5%. ,

▽ "Easy to live" and "Traffic environment" were 39.2%,

▽ "Landscape" was 37.2%,

▽ "Employment" was 24.2%.

There are issues in the revitalization of the community, such as the connections between residents and the liveliness.

Looking at the percentage of people who answered "worse than I had imagined" by prefecture, Fukushima prefecture had 64.5%, which was higher than Iwate prefecture's 54.7% and Miyagi prefecture's 43.0%.

A man from Iwate prefecture who answered, "It's worse than I had imagined."

Shozo Furudate (85), who has been involved in community development in the Kuwagasaki district of Miyako City, Iwate Prefecture, as the chairman of the neighborhood, answered in a questionnaire that the reconstruction situation was "completed", but the current state of reconstruction. Is worse than I had imagined.

Mr. Furudate was swept away from his home and the store he ran in the tsunami of the earthquake, and has since been involved in community development for reconstruction as the chairman of the local neighborhood.

In the Kuwagasaki area, a project to raise the land that has subsided has been carried out, and housing has begun to be rebuilt six years ago.

In a questionnaire six years after the earthquake, Mr. Furudate stated his joy, saying, "I am happy that private houses have been built and gathered."

However, after that, the residents did not return to the district as much as they expected, and their thoughts on "reconstruction" changed.

In the 8th year of the earthquake, he wrote questions about the reconstruction, saying, "I wonder if it can be said that the reconstruction was done with this."

In the Kuwagasaki area, the population is still half that before the earthquake, and Mr. Furudate himself was forced to close the store that was rebuilt four years ago in March last year.

According to the questionnaire for 10 years after the earthquake, "Town development based on the reconstruction plan was completed as planned. Although the population was expected to decrease from the beginning, it could not be expected to decrease so much. A town that has become easier to live in. The challenge is how to make the city a bustling city. "

Mr. Furudate said, "I think the reconstruction is that once the town development is completed, it will be easier to live than before, but even if it does not come true, I want the residents to deepen their feelings for the area. Was hit by the tsunami, and it has been revived each time, so I don't know if it will be 10 or 20 years from now, but I hope it will be revived someday. "

Women evaluated for reconstruction are "connecting residents and making life easier"

Tomomi Suzuki (73) from Iwanuma City, Miyagi Prefecture, responded to the questionnaire that "reconstruction is progressing more than expected" and "reconstruction is better than I had imagined."

Mr. Suzuki was hit by the tsunami at his home due to the earthquake, but his husband, Kensuke (79), pulled him up to the ceiling and was saved.

After that, I lived in temporary housing, and four years after the earthquake, I moved to a disaster public housing in the inland area of ​​the city, where I lived with my husband and wife.

Mr. Suzuki has also undergone cancer surgery in the last 10 years, and he is in good health now.

Mr. Suzuki said that he enjoyed living with people he met in the new community, such as belonging to a karaoke lovers' association in the district, and said that he said "better than I imagined" because of "connections between residents" and "living." "Easyness" was mentioned.

Mr. Suzuki said, "Since I started living in disaster public housing, I have been able to interact with many people in various ways, and I feel that this is the best time for me. I want to live. "

Receiving each in the free description column

In the free description of the questionnaire, each of the victims' perceptions was spelled out.

A man in his 50s who evacuated from Namie Town in Fukushima Prefecture to another municipality in the prefecture due to the nuclear accident replied that the situation of reconstruction was "not progressing at all".

"I think returning to before the disaster is the real reconstruction, but it has changed too much. The center of the town is full of vacant lots, there are no hospitals or familiar shopping streets. The appearance of a town that cannot be restored." And so on.

In addition, a man in his 50s in Kesennuma City, Miyagi Prefecture, who answered, "I was behind my expectations," said, "I was wondering if a vibrant town would be created, but it was exciting with the construction of roads, buildings, and seawalls. However, I haven't returned to the town where people come to me. People are declining in the number of young people, and the future is dark in a town with many elderly people. " ..

On the other hand, a woman in her 60s in Kamaishi City, Iwate Prefecture, said, "At the beginning of the earthquake, I really thought that Kamaishi was over because of the mountain of debris. I think it was good that we proceeded with the development of the water gate to protect and the green belt breakwater at the same time as the town development. I think that the reconstruction was completed with the completion of large commercial facilities, civic halls, reconstruction apartments, etc. "

Expert "Connections and liveliness are issues"

Professor Reo Kimura of the University of Hyogo, who specializes in social psychology when analyzing the questionnaire, said, "The result is that the reconstruction has not been as envisioned in terms of connections between residents and the bustle of the town. We need to take the thoughts of the residents seriously. "

Regarding the situation in Fukushima Prefecture where there are relatively few people who are feeling the reconstruction, "Many people cannot return to the land where they grew up due to the nuclear accident, so it is necessary to pay attention to the impact on the heart and provide long-term support." I'm talking.