The new crown pneumonia epidemic accelerates digital transformation, the rise of online study rooms but chaos experts call for
Improve network literacy and promote healthy growth
● The online self-study room creates a virtual space for learners to learn together by means of live broadcasts, etc.
● While enjoying the happiness and convenience brought by the Internet, some minors’ reliance on electronic products and the Internet continues to deepen, even becoming addicted
● As an extension of the real world such as family, school, and society, cyberspace has become an inseparable part of the growth of minors.
At present, it is necessary to create and promote a network literacy education system that meets the physical and psychological characteristics of minors and meets the needs of personal development and socialization
□ Our reporter Zhao Li
□ Guo Jing, an intern of our newspaper
Currently, elementary and middle school students across the country are gradually entering the winter vacation time.
During the holidays, while children enjoy the joy and convenience of digital life, how to improve their network literacy has become a hot topic of public opinion.
2020 is a very special year for the whole world.
The new crown pneumonia epidemic has accelerated the digital transformation of all walks of life, and the education industry is no exception. Last year, an unprecedented online education practice was launched.
In the post-epidemic era, how to improve the internet literacy of minors and let the internet help children grow up healthily is an urgent problem for teachers, parents and children.
Online self-study came into being
Pan-entertainment is criticized
2018 was called the first year of offline paid study rooms. Just less than a year later, the study rooms changed from offline to online.
By 2020, Internet companies have begun to compete for the blank space of the study room, and many online study room apps have emerged.
The online self-study room creates a virtual space for learners to learn together through the live broadcast of the microphone.
"I chose the online study room at the beginning because it was too boring to study alone. I felt that someone would be more motivated to study with someone, and it would also have a certain effect of supervision." Xiaolu, a senior user who has used the online study room App for more than two years, told The Rule Daily reporter, the online study room satisfies my sense of accomplishment to a certain extent.
"A sense of atmosphere" has become the biggest selling point of the online study room.
The reporter of "Rule of Law Daily" learned that the role of social facilitation in social psychology explains this psychological need well. When multiple people are active together, it will increase the individual’s awareness of being evaluated by others, thereby increasing the level of personal excitement and increasing The opportunity to imitate each other and the motivation to compete, reduce the monotonous feeling and fatigue caused by loneliness.
In the minds of some users, the online study room should be a learning software, but it has become a social software or game software.
For example, a well-known online study room is cartoon style, opening the interface is like entering a game world, and the homepage of another online study room is a variety of short videos.
As a learning software, why does the online study room promote short videos?
Some insiders believe that one is to build a community, and the other is to do traffic business.
If the online study room platform has made short videos, traffic can be monetized in the future, such as advertising and e-commerce.
During the interview, Professor Wang Sixin, deputy dean and professor of the School of Political Science and Law of Communication University of China, said: “Online study rooms are a derivative of the'Internet + education' model. This new student is born because of the psychological needs of students who desire attention and desire to communicate. Format."
"Some online study rooms first use learning functions to attract users, and when they have a large user group, they then develop in the direction of socialization. Finally, they can be realized by advertising or e-commerce. In this way, online study rooms form a complete business. Realizing closed loop.” Wang Ke, an investor who has been focusing on education for a long time, introduced to a reporter from the Rule of Law Daily that this is the expectation of the capital market for online study rooms, but some old users may not accept this change. Instead, they think that the online study room has changed. Of course, some users like this learning social mode.
In Wang Ke's view, the online study room should give users the right to choose, let them choose a pure learning mode or a social mode of learning.
Because there are many competitors in the online study room, if you ignore the user experience and blindly pursue commercial realization, you may end up losing your wife and breaking down.
It is understood that in some of the top online study room apps, most of them use "like-minded, learn together", "mutual supervision, improve efficiency", and "make friends at the same table" as the propaganda slogans, but users Whether the experience achieves the expected effect remains to be discussed.
The popularity of online study rooms is also accompanied by controversy. Some people think that online study rooms can restrain their learning behavior and cultivate self-consciousness in learning.
However, some people think that the online study room is very "tasteless". Although there are certain restrictions, it is limited to users who are self-conscious. For unconscious users, you can turn off the camera or exit the software to do other things. .
Pan-entertainment has become the biggest "slot" of online study room apps.
Xiao Jiang, a junior high school student from Shanghai, told the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily that she started with a learning mentality, but was dazzled when she saw the fancy interface. Time passed without knowing it while watching videos and watching live broadcasts.
"I really don't understand why a learning app should add the functions of puzzle games and short videos." Xiao Jiang told the reporter of "Rules of Law Daily" with some disappointment, "Now I don't use the online study room."
From opening with expectation to disappointing shelving, and even uninstalling, Xiao Jiang's approach is not unique.
As a former senior user of an online study room, Xiaolu said that today's App is not as simple as it used to be, and the learning function has been weakened a lot. It has become a "show ground" for people who do not learn.
Some people also share the entertainment news of "fan circle" on the homepage, which greatly distracts everyone's concentration.
At the same time, some users complained to the reporters of the Rule of Law Daily that businesses are constantly adding new features for profit and expanding audiences. The new features deviate from the original intention of the learning software, causing "fish and dragons" and "black smoke" in the App, and abandonment has become common. phenomenon.
Most users are elementary and middle school students
Many issues deserve attention
The Lianmai video learning function in the online study room is a new type of live broadcast.
According to a reporter from the Rule of Law Daily, the users of the study room App are mostly primary and middle school students.
According to Article 76 of the Law on the Protection of Minors, webcast service providers shall not provide webcast publisher account registration services for minors under the age of 16; provide online broadcast services for minors who have reached the age of 16 When registering for the service of a live broadcaster’s account, their identity information should be authenticated and their parents or other guardians’ consent should be obtained.
The "Youth Blue Book: Internet Utilization Report by Chinese Minors (2020)" released in September 2020 shows that the Internet penetration rate of minors has reached 99.2%, and 32.9% of elementary school netizens have started using the Internet before school age.
While enjoying the happiness and convenience brought by the Internet, some minors continue to rely on electronic products and the Internet, and even become addicted.
During the interview, Zheng Ning, director of the Law Department of the School of Cultural Industry Management of Communication University of China, stated that minors cannot be publishers of live webcasts, that is, they cannot be anchors.
A reporter from the "Rule of Law Daily" learned that basically all online study room apps are divided into free areas and paid areas. According to Xiaolu's feedback, the free areas are generally not available for grabs, and there is a phenomenon of "occupying seats".
The charging standards of the payment area of each platform are different, the amount fluctuates greatly, and there are many options.
Some are 1 yuan/1 hour, and some are 40 yuan/20 hours. You can also choose to apply for a card. There are 25 yuan unlimited sprint cards within 7 days, 6 yuan 4 hours with microphones, 12 yuan 10 hours with microphones, etc. Different choices.
For minors who do not yet have the ability to think rationally, whether the consumption of the online study room App is legal is also one of the key points worthy of attention.
Zhao Zhanzhu, a special researcher of the Intellectual Property Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law, said that some online study room apps are more like game software. If they can be identified as game software, they should comply with the restrictions on the single and monthly recharge amount of minors.
However, the current "Internet Live Broadcast Service Management Regulations" in the definition of live broadcast only stipulates that minors are prohibited from rewarding. There are currently no restrictions on the amount of money for users to recharge for self-study.
A reporter from the Rule of Law Daily noted that, in fact, some online self-study rooms do have certain regulatory measures on the relevant platforms, but the actual effect is not satisfactory.
Compared with the platform's entry barriers, the setting and implementation of regulatory regulations in platform operation are more important.
For example, some online self-study rooms will set up the post of academic committee in the self-study room, which is similar to a super manager and plays a supervisory role.
"But in fact, this setting is largely equivalent to a sign of self-discipline, that is, to give the self-study students in the room a sense of being supervised, and the focus is not on the supervision of the self-study room." Xiaolu said.
Establish a regulatory protection system
Protect the rights of minors
Regarding how to better protect the rights and interests of minors, Yuan Ningning, an associate professor at China University of Political Science and Law, believes that it is necessary to establish a regulatory and protection system including schools, guardians, society, government, and network platforms.
The newly revised Law on the Protection of Minors will be implemented in June this year. In order to protect minors in the network environment, a special chapter on network protection has been added.
According to Yuan Ningning, who participated in the revision process of the law, this is the first time that the law has made comprehensive and systematic provisions on the protection of minors’ rights and interests in the Internet, focusing on how to ensure that minors use the Internet safely and reasonably, and Risk factors and adverse factors put forward specific requirements to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of young people.
In Wang Sixin's view, the online study room is a new application with social functions and public opinion functions. First of all, the significance of its existence must be affirmed, and the healthy development of it must be given guidance instead of being beaten to death.
Zheng Ning believes that the necessary fault-tolerant mechanism is of positive significance for the development of the digital economy. The principle of inclusive and prudent supervision can be adopted for new industries and new formats, and the laws must comply with the laws on advertising, pornography, privacy leakage and other issues.
In 2019, the principle of inclusive and prudential supervision was written into the "Regulations on Optimizing the Business Environment", and the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party also proposed to implement inclusive and prudential supervision of new industries and formats.
In the era of the network economy, apps need to go through a development process from extensive to refined. Experts generally believe that it is necessary to emphasize the consciousness and main responsibility of operators and guide operators to improve service methods.
At the same time, the regulatory authorities give suggestions on the content production of operators, strengthen daily inspections, actively accept reports and complaints, punish violators, clarify user responsibilities and platform responsibilities, and promptly remind the public about problems in online study rooms.
"About 10% of minors suffer from excessive Internet access, so online literacy education cannot be delayed." Zhu Yongxin, vice chairman of the China Democratic Progressive Central Committee, admitted in an interview with the media that cyberspace is an extension of the real world such as home, school, and society. , Has become an inseparable part of the growth of minors. Simply separating minors from the Internet is neither desirable nor difficult to achieve.
At present, it is necessary to create and promote a network literacy education system that meets the physical and psychological characteristics of minors and meets the needs of personal development and socialization.
In the opinion of industry experts, the most important issue of education in the Internet age is not technical issues, but how we view the relationship between the new technological revolution and educational changes, and how to effectively use new technologies to transform traditional educational structures and models.
With the increasing number of online self-study apps, more and more companies have realized the importance of transformation.
When products of similar types appear on the market, consumers will have more choices, so the attractiveness of the products is particularly important.
For example, Qingbei.com corrects AI interactive classes in the incubator free small class study room and high school section.
When setting up the self-study room, Qingbei Online School followed the logic of "same city in the same school and even classmates" as much as possible.
For students in the K12 stage, Xueersi Online School has launched a "1 to N" self-study format, and each self-study room is equipped with a teacher to supervise students' learning online and answer questions for them.
"Qingbei Online School and Xueersi Online School all target customers at the K12 stage. For students at this stage, the self-consciousness and self-learning ability may not be so high. Simulate an online classroom so that students can immerse themselves in learning. In the atmosphere, plus teacher supervision and guidance, students' learning efficiency can be further improved. This is also a new mode of effective integration of online and offline self-study using the Internet." Wang Ke said.
Cartography/Gao Yue