As the coronavirus pandemic continues to wreak havoc around the world, more than a hundred countries have yet to start vaccinating their populations.

Among them: South Africa, Bosnia, Colombia, Japan, or even Lebanon.

But all of them have very different reasons for delaying the process.

This arrival was eagerly awaited.

The country most affected by the coronavirus epidemic on the continent, South Africa received its first shipment of vaccines against Covid-19 on Monday.

An arrival that will allow the start of a mass vaccination campaign, targeting as a priority health personnel, while the country has still not started to vaccinate its population.

A situation in which more than a hundred countries find themselves in the world, for various reasons: too poor, too poorly organized, too dependent on the WHO Covax system or simply prudent in the extreme.

Japan, Bosnia, Colombia ... Here are some emblematic cases. 

South Africa

South Africa is therefore the African country most affected by the pandemic, with more than 44,000 official deaths.

Until now, the country, like most of the continent, has seen its vaccine supplies depend in part on the Covax system as well as the African Union.

The first is a mission of the World Health Organization which was to ensure a certain vaccine solidarity between all the countries of the world, but is still struggling to find a concrete application for the moment.

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South Africa has, however, directly ordered 1.5 million doses of AstraZeneca vaccine produced in India, with which the country hopes to begin its vaccination campaign in mid-February.

The first doses arrived on Monday.

And the authorities, criticized for their slowness, finally announced at the end of January that they had reserved 20 million doses of Pfizer vaccine, doubling the total number of doses ordered, to 40 million.

The country of nearly 60 million people wants to vaccinate two-thirds of the population by the end of the year. 

Japan

Relatively spared by the pandemic with less than 6,000 deaths for 126 million inhabitants, Japan has concluded delivery agreements with Pfizer, Moderna and AstraZeneca laboratories covering the whole of its population.

But the country has chosen to give itself time before launching its vaccination campaign.

The media are reporting a kick-off in May, more than five months after most other developed countries.

And no vaccine has yet obtained the green light from the authorities who wish to subject them to reinforced clinical examinations.

Explanation: the country is among the most vaccinosceptic in the world and the government wishes to protect itself against possible class actions in court.

These remedies have increased since the 1970s, leading to the withdrawal of many vaccines.

The authorities can be held responsible for any side effects.

In an attempt to set an example, Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga announced that he would be among the first to be vaccinated.

Vaccination will then be offered as a priority to some 10,000 health workers, then to 50 million inhabitants over the age of 65.

Lebanon 

Shaken by a serious social and economic crisis, Lebanon must mainly rely on the WHO Covax system to obtain doses of vaccine, like 92 other disadvantaged countries.

It also depends on funding from the World Bank.

The first vaccines, provided by the American Pfizer, are expected by mid-February in this country whose six million inhabitants are subject to very strict re-containment.

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Launched at the end of January, the pre-registrations for the vaccination collected more than 100,000 requests in less than 24 hours.

Medical personnel and those over 75 will have priority.

The Ministry of Health has said it wants to vaccinate 80% of the population by the end of the year, an objective however deemed unrealistic by the NGO Human Rights Watch and medical officials.

Colombia

The third most bereaved country in Latin America after Brazil and Mexico, with 53,000 dead, Colombia will not start its vaccination campaign before February 20.

The opposition and the medical authorities strongly denounced the "delay" and the "lack of transparency" of the vaccination campaign of this country of 50 million inhabitants. 

President Ivan Duque assured at the end of January that a million people would be vaccinated by the end of March.

More than 60 million doses have been ordered to date from major laboratories and via the Covax system, according to Bogota.

Bosnia

A non-member state of the European Union, Bosnia is one of the few European countries not yet to have started its vaccination campaign, despite one of the highest death rates in the world with 4,650 deaths for 3.5 million people. 'inhabitants.

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Heavily criticized, the incumbent president of the Bosnian tripartite presidency, Milorad Dodik, estimated that he and the other leaders had "literally been deceived by this affair of supply via the Covax system", from which the country ordered 1,2 million doses, now not expected until spring.

The Bosnian Serb entity, the Republika Srpska, hopes to be able to get the ball rolling "in the next few days", with some 100,000 doses of Sputnik V vaccine that it has ordered directly from Russia.

The federal government, which is also expecting 900,000 doses through the EU's supply system, has said it is looking to order additional doses directly from China, Russia and the Pfizer laboratory.