Interlocutor

　　Cheng Pingyuan, Professor of Nanjing Normal University

　　Chu Zhaohui, Researcher, China Academy of Education

　　"Rules of Law Daily" reporter Zhao Li

　　Evaluation model standard is too single

　　Pursue scores and compete for training

　　Reporter: The 2021 National Education Work Conference clearly pointed out that in the future, efforts will be intensified to reorganize training institutions outside the school.

Although it cannot be said that all training institutions have problems, on the whole, the shortcomings of off-campus training institutions have emerged and become increasingly obstacles to the development of education.

　　Cheng Pingyuan: China's education is controlled by the industrialization of education, the marketization of education, and the capitalization of education, while educational resources are controlled by the state. The state controls the evaluation system, and a profound mechanism emerges between the two.

　　Chu Zhaohui: The imbalance of existing school resources has led to an imbalance in the mentality of many parents. Before they can enter a better school, they can only narrow the gap in test scores by signing up for extracurricular tutoring classes.

It can be seen that the gap between schools is the external condition for the popular training, and the single student evaluation system is the internal fundamental reason for the popular training.

In short, the evaluation power of education is over-concentrated, the evaluation model and standard are too single, and the evaluation system for students is too single, leading to one-sided pursuit of scores by parents and rushing to send their children to training institutions to improve their performance.

　　Reporter: In the existing education evaluation system, students can get higher evaluation only if they get a higher score in the exam. The way to achieve a high score in the exam is to participate in off-campus training, in addition to normal studies at the school.

With the vigorous rectification in recent years, have the off-campus training institutions made sound development?

　　Chu Zhaohui: The rectification has achieved some results, but it has not solved the fundamental problem.

Training institutions still exist in large numbers, and the needs of students and parents still exist.

　　Cheng Pingyuan: There are still a lot of problems.

The off-campus training institution is an foundry to improve student scores, and it also interferes with the school's teaching work and disrupts the normal teaching order of the school.

From the perspective of parents, off-campus training has brought endless burdens, financial burdens, and time costs to parents.

For students, students will feel hard work, which is a kind of squeeze on students' energy, intelligence, body and other aspects, and has a destructive effect on children's interpersonal communication and social development process.

At the same time, children are oppressed by their parents, which can cause family conflicts, lead to family tragedies, and destroy family education.

　　When it comes to healthy development, it can be said from several levels.

At the first level, who is the subject of rectification?

If problems are found, can the remediation achieve the expected results?

If the expected results cannot be achieved, should we reflect on the issue of remediation of the main body?

　　The second level is rectification methods.

Education has its own laws, whether it is feasible to interfere with education by administrative means.

　　Reporter: In the case of fierce score competition, normal school teaching cannot meet the needs of students and parents to improve scores in terms of quantity and efficiency. As a result, more and more people rely on extracurricular training, and the extracurricular burden of primary and secondary school students is heavy. Chaos such as super-class teaching, pre-learning, and test-taking rush runs naturally arise.

At the same time, we have noticed that in recent years, the governance of off-campus training institutions has been stepped up, but problems such as overdue fees, false publicity, and money running away still occur from time to time.

　　Cheng Pingyuan: Problems such as overdue charges, false propaganda, and running away with money are not education issues.

The purpose of off-campus training institutions is to make a profit. As long as they are for profit, they naturally have to comply with the laws of market operation. They are more of company behavior and an economic law.

　　So, can school education and training educational institutions coexist peacefully?

is allowed.

Take the United States as an example. With normal modern education, schools can accomplish the national educational goals, with sufficient educational resources, schools provide resources, and individuals can realize their own value through hard work and go to better schools.

　　Chu Zhaohui: The problems of off-campus training institutions include the single goals and simple methods of off-campus training institutions. They do not consider human development, family bearing capacity, and long-term development of students. In fact, the work they do is very simple and follow the syllabus for simple The purpose of copying is to improve test scores, which is not conducive to social innovation and development.

　　To solve the problems of off-campus training institutions, we should fundamentally change the education evaluation system, improve education management, and improve education content.

The educational content of the school is richer and diversified, and the development of students is better, so the off-campus training institutions will not "grow up barbarously."

Solving problems from within education has always been slow, making the off-campus training industry prosperous, but specific to a certain off-campus training institution, it is fast-floating.

Because of the existence of market demand, the positioning of off-campus training institutions is also short-term utilitarian. Their expectation is to grab a handful.

　　Deeply reform the education evaluation system

　　Select talents in compliance with the laws of education

　　Reporter: In August 2018, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Regulating the Development of Off-campus Training Institutions", which established an overall institutional framework for regulating the development of off-campus training institutions.

In the past two years, the Ministry of Education has promoted the rectification of training institutions one by one in accordance with the standards, established a long-term supervision mechanism, implemented a black and white list system, and carried out online training institution filing reviews.

Two years have passed. Has a long-term monitoring mechanism been established?

What is the role of the black and white list system?

　　Cheng Pingyuan: From a sociological perspective, this needs to be a question of who will supervise it.

As long as the supervision is top-down supervision, there are many loopholes.

There are policies and measures to counter.

Relying solely on administrative means is not feasible and cannot solve the problem fundamentally.

　　But if it is a bottom-up supervision, such as parent supervision, social supervision, news supervision and other all-round and diversified supervision, then the entire ecology will get better and better.

The black-and-white list system may have an immediate short-term effect, but in the long run it will still produce many derivative problems, and the actual effect is mediocre.

Therefore, the governance model needs to be diversified and individualized.

　　Chu Zhaohui: At present, there is no long-term supervision mechanism. The "Overall Plan for Deepening Educational Evaluation Reform in the New Era" was recently released. This plan is also a response to the failure to solve this problem.

The main problem now is not supervision, but to solve the needs of parents and students for off-campus training institutions.

　　The black and white list system is effective within a certain range.

The "Opinions on Regulating the Development of Off-campus Training Institutions" issued by the General Office of the State Council in 2018 only took some measures from the outside, but the internal problems have not been resolved. In fact, a large number of off-campus training institutions still exist, and vicious incidents of training institutions still exist.

Some work can be done, but it cannot solve the problem fundamentally.

　　Reporter: In the future, how to establish and improve a long-term mechanism for the development of off-campus training institutions, promote off-campus training onto the track of institutionalization and standardized management, and truly become a useful supplement to school education and promote the comprehensive and healthy development of primary and secondary school students?

　　Cheng Pingyuan: First, reform the talent selection system.

The selection of talents in accordance with the laws of education cannot be done for a lifetime, and a system of multiple intelligence, openness and transparency cannot be established.

Select truly personalized talents and cultivate expert talents.

　　Second, the relevant departments should follow the laws of education, and should not encourage the establishment of off-campus training institutions, and should not regard them as a strategy to promote economic development. This is actually a ruin.

　　Third, improve social governance capabilities.

The reasons for the proliferation of off-campus training institutions are complicated and cannot be solved by simple administrative means. In the final analysis, it is a problem of social governance.

　　Chu Zhaohui: First, reform the education evaluation system from the institutional perspective.

Take measures such as classification, participation of multiple evaluation subjects, and joint development of multiple evaluation standards to turn a single evaluation system into a diversified evaluation system.

　　Second, take rigid measures to promote the balanced development of schools.

For example, Beijing has introduced a principal rotation system, with complete hardware facilities, and the level of each school is comparable. At this time, it is necessary to use software, which is to promote the balanced development of schools in management, teaching, and teacher training.