Last year, the annual average concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing dropped to "30+" for the first time
There are 276 days of excellent grade in the year; this year, we will deeply reduce volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides, and further promote the "one microgram" action
In 2020, the annual average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Beijing's atmospheric environment will achieve "30+" for the first time, at 38 micrograms/cubic meter.
The number of days with good air quality throughout the year is 276, of which 106 days with first-class excellent.
There are zero severe pollution days throughout the year.
Beijing's local pollution source treatment has entered an in-depth stage, and it is necessary to seek collaborative work with surrounding cities.
Beijing News News on January 4, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment announced Beijing’s air quality in 2020. The annual average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the atmospheric environment has achieved “30+” for the first time, which is 38 micrograms/m3. The best since monitoring records.
There are 36 days more good days in 2020 than last year
Liu Baoxian, director of the Beijing Municipal Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, introduced that the annual average concentration of Beijing’s PM2.5 reached “30+” for the first time, and the remaining three pollutants remained up to standard.
In 2020, the annual average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 in Beijing will be 38 micrograms/cubic meter, 56 micrograms/cubic meter, 29 micrograms/cubic meter and 4 micrograms/cubic meter respectively.
Among them, the PM2.5 concentration achieved "30+" for the first time, further narrowing the gap with the national standard (35 micrograms/m3).
In 2020, the number of days with good air quality in Beijing was 276, an increase of 36 days from the previous year. The good and good rate reached 75.4%, an increase of 9.6 percentage points. The number of days with good air quality increased significantly.
Among them, the number of first-level excellent days was 106 days, an increase of 21 days over the previous year.
The number of days with good PM2.5 reached 330 days, an increase of 126 days compared to 2013, which is equivalent to 6.3 days out of 7 days per week on average in 2020 as good PM2.5 days, while in 2013 there were only less than 4 days .
122 villages completed coal to clean energy
Liu Baoxian said that since 1998, with the rapid economic and social development of Beijing, the concentration of major pollutants in the air has shown a continuous decline.
Since 2004, SO2 has steadily reached the national secondary standard. From 2019 to 2020, both PM10 and NO2 have reached the national secondary standard; currently only PM2.5 exceeds the national secondary standard by 8.6%.
"In the winter in Beijing more than ten years ago, whether it was in the suburbs or in the urban area, you could basically smell the smell of burning coal. Now in our Beijing area, you basically can't smell soot." National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Technology Research Center Researcher Peng Yingdeng said, “Beijing’s current energy structure is more than 97% clean energy, and coal consumption in the plains has been cleared.” Peng Yingdeng has participated in Beijing’s “Blue Sky Project” since 1998. The total annual coal burning is 28 million tons, and now it is less than 2 million tons.
Li Xiang, director of the Atmospheric Environment Division of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, stated that in 2020, Beijing will insist on focusing on electricity and adapting measures to local conditions. It will complete the conversion of coal to clean energy in 122 villages. Villages that have not undergone transformation will achieve full coverage of high-quality coal replacement to ensure clean people. Keep warm and warm for the winter.
■ Probing the cause
Energy structure and industrial structure adjustment to improve air quality
"From the data point of view, the changes in the emissions on the ground and the changes in the concentration in the sky can be mutually confirmed." Zhang Qiang, a professor in the Department of Earth System Sciences at Tsinghua University, said that according to the results of emission measurements in 2019 and 2020, from 2019 to 2020 , Beijing’s emissions of major air pollutants fell between 5% and 20%, of which the drop of PM2.5 was about 10%.
Zhang Qiang said that the improvement of Beijing's air quality in 2020 will also benefit from the continuous and simultaneous improvement of the air quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas.
From the data point of view, pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region have dropped between 5% and 15% respectively.
In Peng Yingdeng's view, the most fundamental reason for the continuous improvement of Beijing's air quality over the past 20 years is the adjustment of energy structure and industrial structure.
"Energy structure, industrial structure, transportation structure, urban land use structure, these are the four major structural pollution of so-called air pollution. For Beijing, it is mainly energy structure and industrial structure. Beijing is also making efforts in these two aspects. In terms of structure, soot pollution has basically been eliminated, and clean energy accounts for 97%. In terms of industrial structure, the manufacturing industry in urban areas has been basically eliminated, and scattered and polluting enterprises in suburban industrial complexes have basically been eliminated. The industrial structure has been greatly improved. Optimization, these two structural adjustments are the most thorough in China." Peng Yingdeng said.
Treatment of photochemical smog started in summer
Peng Yingdeng believes that after Beijing completed the adjustment of energy structure and industrial structure, it took the lead in the country to enter the second stage of air pollution control, the refined control stage.
"In the fine treatment stage, we will not only pay attention to PM2.5, but also increase the control of photochemical smog. In the summer, Beijing will start to control photochemical smog. In the process of controlling photochemical smog, we must aim at volatility. The treatment of organic matter includes the treatment of cooking fume pollution." Peng Yingdeng said.
According to Li Xiang, Beijing has insisted on source control, process management, and end treatment in recent years, and has organized special control actions for volatile organic compounds.
Accumulatively, 113 general manufacturing and polluting enterprises that do not meet the functional positioning of the capital have been adjusted and withdrawn, and 71 "scattered and polluted" enterprises have been cleaned up and maintained, and the dynamics are cleared.
"Beijing strictly implements the national standards for volatile organic compounds in adhesives, coatings and other products, strengthens publicity, training and interpretation, and encourages companies to switch products in advance. Enterprises with annual VOCs emissions of more than 10 tons are included in the mandatory clean production audit. 53 companies have completed the in-depth management of'one factory, one policy'." Li Xiang said that they have conducted special law enforcement inspections on volatile organic compounds in key industries such as printing, petrochemical, industrial coating, auto repair, gas stations, and oil storage depots, and ranked air quality. The lower towns (streets) implemented five rounds of "point-pointing" law enforcement. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, Beijing achieved a rigid reduction in volatile organic compound emissions, which strongly supported the continuous decline of PM2.5 concentration and ozone (O3) concentration. Stable and down.
Li Xiang said that in 2021, Beijing will take the deep reduction of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides as the starting point, and further promote the "one microgram" action and regional joint prevention, control and governance, and do its utmost to promote the continuous improvement of the city's air quality.
■ Response
Seek coordinated governance with surrounding cities
According to reports, under the overall guidance of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing has fully implemented the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas air pollution prevention and control coordination mechanism, coordinated governance has achieved significant results, and the region has shared the results of air quality improvement.
From January to November 2020, the average PM2.5 concentration of "2+26" cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the surrounding areas is 49 micrograms/m3, and the continuous improvement is synchronized.
Regarding the "14th Five-Year Plan", Peng Yingdeng believes that Beijing should continue to seek coordinated governance with surrounding areas.
“Beijing’s local pollution source treatment has entered an in-depth stage. Measures to greatly reduce pollution and improve air quality are becoming more and more difficult to explore. Therefore, we seek collaborative work with surrounding cities. For example, Beijing provides technology to drive surrounding Langfang, Governance in Baoding and other places.” Peng Yingdeng believes that the existing “2+26” city collaboration mechanism in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas still has great potential to be improved, especially in improving the transportation structure and controlling excessive emissions from diesel vehicles. Collaboration should be greatly accelerated.
Peng Yingdeng believes that, for companies that have been relieved in Beijing, they should not repeat their previous production, but should help them upgrade their industries in the process of relief.
"Human efforts" to reduce PM2.5 emissions account for 60%
"Although Beijing's PM2.5 will reach 38 micrograms/cubic meter in 2020, 60% of the people’s efforts should be accounted for, and 40% of them are weather help. Because the cold air is more frequent this winter, November and December, Basically, Beijing has not experienced a relatively large-scale and long-term heavy pollution process." Peng Yingdeng said.
The preliminary research results of Zhang Qiang and others show that the air pollution diffusion conditions in 2020 are generally more favorable than in 2019. The cold air in autumn and winter is more frequent, the intensity is higher, and the wind speed is generally higher, which has a positive contribution to the decline of pollutants.
In 2020, Beijing’s local emission reduction will still contribute the most to the PM2.5 concentration, accounting for about 50%. The contribution rate of coordinated emission reduction in the surrounding areas is about 20% to 30%, and the contribution rate of meteorological conditions is 20% to 30%. %about.
Peng Yingdeng believes that the reduction of air pollution must be continued, and Beijing’s PM2.5 must truly reach the national secondary standard of 35 micrograms/cubic meter. If it is not disturbed by meteorological factors, it is estimated to be 2030.
Beijing News reporter Li Yukun