Vocational Education Vision
Experts predict that the gap between kindergarten teachers and childcare workers is expected to exceed 3 million in 2021
Higher vocational colleges try to break through the shortage of kindergarten teachers
After teaching for more than 20 years, Bao Lizhen, director of the preschool education department of Inner Mongolia National Early Childhood Teachers College, has seen more than 300 kindergartens to "grab" more than 1,000 preschool education graduates. This has created a talent gap in the preschool education industry. Personal experience.
Bao Lizhen told reporters that there are 353 kindergartens in Ordos City alone where the school is located, with 89,340 children in the kindergartens, but there are only 14,728 faculty members in the kindergartens. “The students trained by the school every year are far from meeting market demand.”
A set of data confirmed Bao Lizhen's feelings.
In 2019, the State Council’s report on the reform and development of preschool education pointed out that the current total number of full-time kindergarten teachers in the country is 2.58 million. According to the standard of "two education and one guarantee" per class, there is still a shortage of 520,000.
In September 2019, the first batch of school-age children born after the "comprehensive two-child policy" began to enter kindergartens.
According to a research report by the Education Policy Research Institute of Southwest University, preschool education will add nearly 6 million children of the appropriate age due to the “comprehensive two-child” policy in 2019. It is estimated that by 2021, there will be a gap of more than 3 million preschool teachers and childcare workers. people.
The number of fresh graduates majoring in kindergarten teachers can't meet the society's demand for kindergarten teachers.
Currently, Bao Lizhen believes that higher vocational colleges need to do more. They should be the main front for training kindergarten teachers. The quality of preschool education talents also affects the overall quality of the preschool education industry.
Facing this gap in kindergarten teachers, the Ministry of Education is taking action.
It is reported that the results of the filing and approval of higher vocational education majors set by the Ministry of Education in 2020 show that 155 preschool education majors will be newly established in 2020, and the total number of preschool education majors in higher vocational colleges will exceed 700.
Preschool education majors at the junior college level have become the main source of supply for kindergarten teachers in my country.
But facing the market, higher vocational colleges, which are the source of education, still need to take the initiative and continue to make efforts.
Practical practice to solve the "unacceptable"
The rich experience of internship and internship has become a necessary preparation for preschool education students before entering the kindergarten.
Liang Jiayu, a student of preschool education at the Inner Mongolia National Early Childhood Teachers College, said frankly that even though he has learned a lot of professional knowledge and done countless simulation trainings, he still feels at a loss when he thinks about getting started.
The experience of apprenticeship in Kanghe Lishe Kindergarten in Dongsheng District, Ordos eased Liang Jiayu's panic.
"I used to see a child open the zipper, and I always wanted to help him pull it up, but now I know how to guide the child to do it by himself." "If the child fights, try to let them solve it independently. It really can't be solved, teacher Come out and adjust." She counted the "experience" she accumulated in practice.
Designing area corners, telling stories in competitions, making paper-cuts for posters... Liang Jiayu excitedly told reporters about his usual class content, "This makes theoretical knowledge come alive, and I am interested in everything."
Now, Liang Jiayu is thinking about which kindergarten he will be a teacher in the future.
In addition, she is still preparing for the "Decathlon Graduation Exam", combining storytelling, self-playing and singing, impromptu dance, lectures and other content with practical experience, and consolidating it twice, so as to better apply what she has learned to practice At work.
In Inner Mongolia National Early Childhood Teachers College, there are not a few students who benefit from off-campus internships like Liang Jiayu.
To this end, the school has not only reached cooperation with more than 70 kindergartens in Ordos, it has set up a half-year off-campus internship period, implemented a "dual tutor system", and practical courses accounted for more than half.
Li Zheng, the general principal of Hefei Anqing Road Kindergarten Education Group, who has 30 years of preschool education work experience, said frankly that this move strengthens the cooperation and communication between colleges and kindergartens, and can effectively bridge the actual needs of talents cultivated by preschool education majors in vocational colleges and kindergartens. The deviation between.
"Some kindergartens lack the guidance of advanced concepts, and the colleges lack the understanding of the real practice field. If students are trained in an ideal environment and background, they will become'unaccustomed' when they really enter the job." Li Zheng said At present, the cooperation between some kindergartens and vocational colleges is relatively shallow: kindergartens serve as training bases for vocational colleges and accept students from schools for internships and internships.
In this kind of cooperation, kindergartens are in a relatively passive state, and there is no way to deeply participate in the school's talent training.
To break this bottleneck, it is necessary to encourage higher vocational college teachers to exchange and cooperate with kindergarten teachers.
Li Zheng suggested that, within a certain period of time, the key teachers of kindergartens will enter the classrooms of colleges and universities, and use vivid and vivid cases to present actual problems, so that students have a deeper understanding of the kindergarten; college teachers go deep into the kindergarten and understand the kindergarten's real-time Development trends, understand the teaching concepts and conditions of kindergartens, and apply advanced concepts to the actual life and teaching of kindergartens.
Cai Hefang, member of the Anhui Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and professor of the School of Literature and Media of Chizhou University, also called on the government, schools, and kindergartens to coordinate the training of preschool education talents.
Cai Hefang suggested that a working organization composed of pre-school education experts, professional leaders, school and kindergarten key teachers from teaching and research institutions can be established to investigate talent needs, revise training plans, organize teaching teams, establish training bases, and evaluate the quality of talent training.
In addition, regular joint meetings attended by education authorities, preschool education experts, school education and teaching directors, and kindergarten principals are held to discuss pre-service and post-employment training for preschool teachers, design curriculum standards, optimize curriculum systems, and build curriculum Resources, conduct teaching research, evaluate the quality of training, etc.
Order training to solve "grounding gas"
In addition to strengthening cooperation in daily teaching and internship practices, "order classes" have also become a problem-solving way for some higher vocational colleges.
Gao Jialu, who studied at the Elementary Education College of Lanzhou Vocational and Technical College, has benefited a lot from it.
After enrolling in 2019, after selection, she entered the "Da Ai Class" jointly run by the school and Beijing Da Ai Preschool Education Group.
Here, the post-00s' professional knowledge and practical skills have been continuously improved, and he has achieved excellent results in the storytelling contest held in September this year.
With confidence, not long ago, she took the initiative to plan a rhythm competition, which made teachers and classmates admire.
In the view of Li Jiancheng, deputy dean of the School of Elementary Education of Lanzhou Vocational and Technical College, this is an innovation of the college in exploring the "modern apprenticeship"-the company deeply participates in the training of students, and works with the school to formulate a talent training plan; Employees serve as head teachers at school and undertake corporate teaching work; the two sides work together to connect some high-quality teaching resources across the country.
In the past two years, Gao Jialu has studied the Da Ai Chuangsi 3.0 course published by Beijing Normal University Press, and under the guidance of a senior kindergarten principal, she has an understanding of home interaction and communication courses.
In addition, she can also acquire a lot of new ideas and knowledge in the "Spark School" system developed by the company for free.
"I have learned the skills, and my heart is at ease." Now, Gao Jialu has more confidence in her future development.
However, with the rapid development of pre-school education, the reporter found that in higher vocational colleges with pre-school education-related majors, not every student can be as "confident" as Gao Jialu.
Li Jiancheng said frankly that in the past 10 years, higher vocational colleges have been the main force and have trained a large number of pre-school education professionals. The employment professional counterpart rate is relatively high. However, after entering the job, students will leave from time to time. The employment tracking service system of the school has this Just reacted.
He believes that this is related to the fact that higher vocational students fail to meet the entry requirements for public parks and private parks have lower salaries.
"There is a certain gap between the status quo of personal life, social status, income, and their own contributions, which has caused some preschool teachers to have a low sense of identity and difficult to achieve professional value." Li Jiancheng said.
In order to resolve this problem in advance, in addition to order training, the Elementary Education College of Lanzhou Vocational and Technical College accurately connects with the market, continuously refines the professional classification and improves the quality of courses.
At present, the directions of early childhood development and health management, applied English, and performing arts have been established.
In addition, the school has strengthened its guidance on students’ career planning, held campus job fairs, invited experts to interpret employment trends, and the head of the first-line kindergarten would guide the pre-job training work, so that students can better adapt to the market after graduation. Faster, shorter distance.
In 2019, Lanzhou Vocational and Technical College took the lead in establishing the Gansu Preschool Education Vocational Education Group to give full play to the scale effect and strengthen the exchanges and cooperation between industry and education, schools and enterprises, and schools.
After a year of development, 83 units have participated in it, sharing resources and complementing each other's advantages.
At present, the group takes the initiative to train preschool teachers who have already been employed to improve the overall level of preschool teachers.
The "order class" also resolves to a certain extent the urgent need for employment of enterprises.
Qi Youyuan, head of Tianjin Minjin Pragmatic Preschool Education Group, told reporters that in order to ensure the teaching staff of the seven kindergartens in the group, they have established partnerships with Hebei Vocational College of Foreign Economics and Trade, Lanzhou Vocational and Technical College, etc. Long-term cooperative relationship, select high-quality teachers through campus recruitment and order training.
Qi Youyuan believes that part of the reason why preschool teachers can not be retained is that short pre-job training does not allow every job seeker to fully understand the company's curriculum system, and the understanding of corporate culture is not deep enough.
In addition, most of the school's learning is based on the theory of learning. After arriving at the practical unit, for a long time, many "preschool teachers" will experience symptoms of inadequacy in terms of emotions and skills.
In response to this, many mature kindergartens have begun to pay attention to the training of professional teachers.
Tianjin Minjin Practical Preschool Education Group has its own training system, in the form of "online courses + offline courses", so that higher vocational students who receive order training can understand the company's curriculum system, management model, salary structure, and promotion channels as soon as possible , The construction of teacher style and morality has also been further strengthened.
"Seamless docking, omitting the process of adaptation, this is the core of school-enterprise cooperation." Qi Youyuan said that through early learning, the time for companies to train a qualified preschool teacher can be reduced from the past two years or so to half a year. Even months.
To this end, the Pragmatic Preschool Education Group has also provided scholarships for some order students, and looks forward to forming a joint force with the school to provide quality education.
"The ultimate goal of higher vocational colleges is to solve the problem of professionalization." Qi Youyuan suggested that higher vocational colleges should be implemented when they are running.
"The deeper and more comprehensive the school-enterprise cooperation, the more beneficial it will be for us to run the park, as well as for their discipline construction, curriculum, and student management."
How the kindergarten teacher industry attracts better talents
Docking the market is a way to improve the quality and quantity of talents in preschool education.
However, Sun Cheng, director of the pre-school education department of Hefei Preschool Teachers College, said bluntly that there is still a long way to go to completely resolve the serious homogeneity tendency of the profession, the same training goals, and the unclear positioning.
Sun Cheng said frankly that at present, some vocational colleges have misunderstandings in their running concepts. On the one hand, they pay too much attention to art courses, and there is not much education in teacher ethics, and the attributes of teachers are not prominent; on the other hand, pre-vocational education majors are restricted by the college entrance examination system. , Lack of interview links, the basic literacy required by teachers cannot be assessed, and because of the low income of kindergarten teachers and low social identity, the source of students for pre-school education has also changed from the previous "tip" to "underpinning".
"The quality of the source of students affects the quality of training, and also affects the ability of future positions." Sun Cheng called on relevant departments to improve the examination and admissions system and policies, give priority to the admission of preschool education teachers and encourage and attract more students who like preschool education; Targeted enrollment and public subsidy system, and special training for preschool teachers in rural areas, expand the scale and scope of free teacher students; increase support for independent teacher training schools, especially kindergarten teachers, and improve the level of teacher education security.
At the same time, the government needs to promptly supplement the faculty and staff in public gardens, and strictly prohibits "no supplements without supplements.
In the absence of staffing, the principle of "equal pay for equal work" is adopted, and the method of "purchasing posts" is adopted to supplement teachers in accordance with the treatment of teachers in the staff, so as to truly realize "using excellent people to cultivate better people".
Dong Gang, the vice principal of Ningbo Preschool Teachers College, also noticed that some districts, counties, and cities have set the threshold of “undergraduate degree” when organizing the recruitment of kindergarten teachers. This is important for the employment of higher vocational college students and related colleges. The training of talents in schools caused a certain "impact".
To this end, he called on recruiting kindergarten teachers to make the best use of their talents and not only for academic qualifications. The public should also change their minds and give outstanding preschool graduates more opportunities to participate in competition on an equal footing.
In the interview, Bao Lizhen expressed the same view. She believes that employers should be cautious in hiring kindergarten teachers and not blindly emphasize high education.
She observed that undergraduate and postgraduate teachers have a high turnover rate and low professional happiness after teaching in kindergartens.
The college level students are stable and the attrition rate is low. “The professional students we have cultivated can be good kids and are loved by parents and children.”
In addition, Bao Lizhen emphasized that teacher ethics education is very important in the training of preschool education talents.
She introduced that the Inner Mongolia National Early Childhood Teachers College employs a psychological counseling team of more than 30 people and conducts systematic three-year psychological growth training for the psychological counseling team.
It also regularly conducts psychological surveys of college students, group psychological training for counselors, crisis intervention and tracking, individual consultation, peer counseling, sand table game therapy and other activities.
The Elementary Education College of Lanzhou Vocational and Technical College also focuses on cultivating students' professional ethics.
The school promotes the "Ideological and Political One Minute" activity, which requires teachers to set up corresponding ideological and political content in each class based on the characteristics of the courses taught, combined with teaching content and teaching objectives, to enhance students' professional ethics and beliefs.
Su Xiushan, the principal of Shuixie Huadu Kindergarten in Honggu District, Lanzhou City, has been in the education industry for decades and has undergone a transformation from a public elementary school teacher to a private kindergarten principal.
As an experienced educator, Su Xiushan said frankly that only by improving the remuneration of teachers in private kindergartens and filling up some management shortcomings, can educators and private kindergartens who are truly knowledgeable achieve long-term development.
She believes that higher vocational colleges, which are the source of preschool education training, should closely integrate market needs and cultivate comprehensive talents who can broaden their horizons and are competent for the most basic childcare work. They require balanced development of students, and they must be well-versed in health, language, society, science, and art. All five areas must be covered.
After entering the work position, graduates of pre-school education must also be prepared to "reinvent" and temper their professional skills through the form of "missionary education" through mentoring and apprenticeship.
In addition, the relevant departments should strengthen the training of the principals and scholars.
China Youth Daily · China Youth Daily reporter Wang Hao Shi Jia Wang Haihan Source: China Youth Daily
Version 06 on December 07, 2020