I lived professionally closely the end of the IV French Republic.

During the twelve years of its existence, 1946 to 1958, it suffered a score of presidents of the Government as well as countless political and social crises.

France became ungovernable.

The proportional electoral system without palliations often leads to full pluralist democracy and impossible governance.

De Gaulle, in the construction of the Fifth Republic, succeeded in establishing a double-loop system that has maintained the es

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