China News Service, Xi'an, November 27th (Reporter Tian Jin) The Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology introduced on the 27th that archaeological evidence of the "Xincheng County" in the Western Han Dynasty was discovered in the Dabaozi Cemetery of the Qin and Han Dynasty in Shaanxi.
The Dapuzi Cemetery is located in the west of Dapuzi Village, Gaozhuang Town, Qinhan New City (formerly Jingyang County), on the southern bank of the Jinghe River (the northeast of Xianyang Tableland). The loess is rich in accumulation and the terrain is flat and open.
Survey records in the 1950s showed that there was a tall seal on the surface of the Dapuzi Cemetery, but it no longer exists today.
Excavations in 2017 showed that the cemetery is a large cemetery dominated by early Western Han dynasties.
"Xinting" Tao Wen.
Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology
From May 2020 to present, the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology has carried out archaeological work in the north of the excavation area in 2017. Up to now, it has cleaned 103 tombs and more than 10 tomb ditches. Although they have been severely excavated, they still unearthed pottery, copper, and jade. Nearly 300 pieces (groups) of various types of relics such as, iron, etc., take the early Western Han Dynasty as the main cultural connotation.
Tomb excavation.
Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology
There are two types of burials in Dabaozi Cemetery, namely, vertical cavern tombs and cavern tombs.
The cemetery is planned in an orderly manner, with square ditches as divisions, which may represent different family units; burial pottery exhibits a certain combination of rules, common tripods, stoves, warehouses, pots, pots, francium, and boxes, showing clear characteristics of the times; There are obvious differences in the levels of tombs. Small tombs are buried with only a small amount of pottery, bronze mirrors, and copper coins. Large-scale tombs are buried with painted pottery (imitation copper pottery rituals), copper containers, jade ware and other high-level objects.
In 2020, the most eye-catching artifacts of the Dabaozi Cemetery are the colorful painted pottery.
These potteries are mainly shaped like tripods, pots, franciums, boxes and other imitation copper rituals. The colorful colors, smooth lines, and complex composition are very agile and mysterious, reflecting the artistic concept and spiritual pursuit of the ancestors more than 2000 years ago. .
"Xin Ting" Tao Fou.
Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology
It is worth noting that the shoulders of the unearthed pottery fou from a tomb are engraved with the word "Xin Ting" with clear strokes.
According to existing research, "Xin Ting" has the same meaning as "Xian Ting" discovered in the past. It is the city of "Xin" and "Xin" is generally a county-level organization.
Documents and archaeological data indicate that there were counties such as Xianyang, Weicheng, and Jingyang in the Qin and Han dynasties surrounding the Dabaozi Cemetery.
According to the "Book of Han Geography", "Weicheng, therefore Xianyang, was renamed Xincheng in the first year of Emperor Gao, and after seven years, it belonged to Chang'an"; "The Book of Han · Xiaohe Cao Sen Biography" also stated that "(Cao Shen) took Xianyang from the east and changed its name New Town".
It can be seen that Xianyang was briefly renamed "Xincheng" in the early Han Dynasty.
In addition, the early Western Han Dynasty characteristics shown by the pottery combination in the Dabaozi Cemetery and the trend of "half-two" instead of "five baht" in burial copper coins.
The above evidence establishes the internal connection between the Dabaozi Cemetery and Xincheng County in the early Han Dynasty. "Xinting" should refer to Ting City, Xincheng County in the early Han Dynasty.
According to the existing archaeological data, this is the first discovery of the "Xinting" pottery in the Western Han Dynasty, which demonstrates the establishment of Xincheng County in the early Han Dynasty.
Dabaozi Cemetery is located about 8 kilometers northeast of the core area of Qin Xianyang City. In view of its special geographical location, Dabaozi "Xinting" pottery inscriptions also filled an important part of the structural changes and urban changes of Xianyang, the capital of Qin during the Qin and Han regimes.
Painted pottery.
Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology
Tombs in the Dabaozi Cemetery are densely distributed (the number of tombs in the early Western Han Dynasty is expected to exceed 800), concentrated in age, clear divisions, and obvious grades. It is close to the capital of Qin Xianyang and Changling. It is used to study the layout of tombs and burial systems around Xianyang during the Qin and Han dynasties. , Family relations, especially the Qin and Han regime changes and the "transition" of cultural factors have provided rich and precious material materials.
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