How the Volunteer Army's Operation in North Korea was reported publicly

　　Zheng Xuefu

　　The Chinese People’s Volunteers entered the DPRK to fight. They did not wear red flowers, beat gongs and drums, and send off their children to the front line, as shown in some film and television dramas. Instead, they entered the DPRK secretly and kept strictly confidential. .

The Xinhua News Agency and other domestic news media followed the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Chairman Mao Zedong to strictly control the timing and control of the report on the volunteer army's entry into the North Korean war.

It was not until after the victory of the first battle that Xinhua News Agency reported the news of the "Chinese People's Volunteers" entering North Korea for the first time by quoting North Korea’s Sinuiju radio station.

In the second battle, Mao Zedong publicly used the name "Our People's Volunteers" for the first time in a press release he wrote for Xinhua News Agency.

Since then, news reports in our country began to use the term "Chinese People's Volunteers" publicly.

◤The Chinese People's Volunteers received a warm welcome when they returned home.

　　On October 1, 1950, despite the repeated warnings of the Chinese government, the U.S. forces flagrantly crossed the 38th parallel, occupied Pyongyang on October 19, and advanced toward the border between China and North Korea.

American planes have repeatedly invaded China's airspace and bombed the Dandong area. The war is about to burn to the Yalu River.

On the evening of the U.S. occupation of Pyongyang, the Chinese People's Volunteers crossed the Yalu River and marched to the Korean battlefield as scheduled.

On the same day, Mao Zedong sent a message to the leaders of various war zones and pointed out: "In order to defend China and support North Korea, the volunteers will move this day. They will first gain a foothold in a part of the north of North Korea that has not yet been lost. They will seek opportunities to fight sports and support the Korean people to continue their struggle. Within a few months, I will just do nothing, do not make any public propaganda about this matter in the newspapers, and only make the senior leaders of the party know about this matter.” The History of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea published by the Military History Research Department of the Academy of Military Sciences, On October 20, "Peng Dehuai, Deng Hua, Hong Xuezhi, Han Xianchu, and the Jiefang party jointly called the military and artillery headquarters, requesting each department to ensure the secrets of operations and fight for fighter planes. The telegram request: All radio stations should be watchful so that they can be on call. But do not use the radio indiscriminately to reduce target exposure; strictly marching time, set off after dusk, hide the camp before dawn, block information after entering the camp; strictly air defense discipline, and no one should expose the target when an enemy plane is found..." Get out at night, avoid the main road, and march in the dense forests of mountains.

On October 25th, the Volunteers fired their first shot into the North Korean war and began the first battle of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.

On that day, the volunteer army won the battle of Liangshuidong and won the first battle.

Peng Dehuai called Mao Zedong specifically, asking him to report on the news, suggesting that the victory should be reported in the form of the Korean People’s Army headquarters bulletin.

Mao Zedong replied on October 27: "It is not suitable to publish combat news for the time being. It is better to publish it after the battle is over."

　　With the cooperation of the Korean People’s Army, the first battle ended successfully on November 5.

The Chinese and Korean People’s Army annihilated the "United Nations Army" and more than 15,000 people from the South Korean Army and expelled them from the Yalu River to the south of the Cheongcheon River. This defeated the "United Nations Army"'s attempt to occupy the whole of Korea before Thanksgiving and initially stabilized. The Korean War.

　　At 2 a.m. on November 5th, Mao Zedong called Peng Dehuai: “For the purpose of deceiving the enemy, it is not appropriate to publish a war report in the name of the joint command. However, there should be a few sentences in the war report that the Chinese people resisted the US, aided the DPRK and defended the war. The Home Guardian Volunteer Forces (abbreviated as Volunteer Forces, not called the Volunteers externally, but called the Volunteers internally) participated and played very bravely. After the battle report is drafted, please send it and read it before publishing.

　　On November 6, the battle report was sent from the front, and Mao Zedong made amendments.

On November 7, Xinhua News Agency broadcasted this report.

The report said: "According to Sinuiju Radio: The People’s Army Headquarters of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea issued a communiqué saying: The People’s Army of the Republic has recently achieved important victories in operations in northwestern Korea. During this period of operations, there were Chinese people. The composition of the Volunteer Forces to Defend the Homeland and Defend the Homeland of Korea to Resist U.S. Aid and Aid Korea. Under the unified command of the People’s Army Headquarters, this volunteer force participated in operations with the People’s Army. With the participation of the Chinese People’s Volunteers, the People’s Army was in Wenjing and Yunshan. It defeated the four divisions of the Second Corps of the Rhee Seungman Bandit Army and one of the U.S. Army, forcing the American invading army and the Rhee Seungman Bandit Army to flee to the south of the Chingchuan River...The morale of the People’s Army and the Chinese People’s Volunteers was extremely strong. The Chinese soldiers are united and close like brothers. The People’s Army officers and soldiers are determined to continue to advance and continue to annihilate the American invading army and the Li Bandit army.”

　　This report summarized the history of the first battle, announced the record of the Chinese and North Korean People’s Army, demonstrated the morale and determination of the Chinese and North Korean troops, especially the first public report of the Chinese People’s Volunteers’ entry and participation in the war.

This report immediately became an international exclusive news and aroused a strong response from international public opinion. Peace-loving countries and people cheered and were encouraged. However, the White House and the Pentagon caused a lot of shock. The participating countries were also shocked and panicked.

　　On November 17, 1950, Mao Zedong wrote a letter to Hu Qiaomu, Vice Minister of the Central Propaganda Department and Director of the General Information Administration, giving clear instructions on the policy that news reports on the Korean battlefield should adhere to: "All news about the main battlefield in North Korea should be The Korean People’s Army and the Chinese People’s Volunteer Forces said that the People’s Army should not only be mentioned without mentioning the Chinese People’s Volunteers. As the Xinhua News Agency reported on the 15th, it would not be beneficial for such a telegram to be sent to the front lines and the whole country. North Korean news, some unimportant telecommunications from TASS should not be forwarded. Xinhua News Agency should send people to interview and generate electricity, or write telecommunications in Beijing based on internal intelligence." Mao Zedong’s instructions were quickly implemented and the Korean War was reported. Based on their own voices, they have mastered the initiative of public opinion propaganda.

　　Mao Zedong also wrote the battle report for Xinhua News Agency.

The "Selected Domestic News 1949-1999" published by Xinhua Publishing House in 1999 included 4 reports under the title of "The Second Battle to Resist U.S. Aid Korea". The editor added: "These 4 news are all for the Xinhua News Agency by Chairman Mao Zedong. Written by hand.” Reading today, it still makes people feel that there are still thousands of troops in front of them, and the momentum is magnificent.

　　On November 7, 1950, the Volunteers launched the second battle, "still adopting the policy of combining mobile warfare, positional warfare, and guerrilla warfare, and combining internal and external lines" to lure the enemy into deep, wipe out the enemy, and attack the enemy on the western front. Lure to the area north of Wenjing and Ningyuan to eliminate it, and lure the enemy on the eastern line to the Changjin Lake area to eliminate it.

Volunteer soldiers fought continuously and charged bravely. Until December 1, the US army suffered heavy casualties and fled in a hurry.

　　On December 1, while the second battle was in progress, Mao Zedong wrote a report for Xinhua News Agency: "The Korean People’s Army and all comrades of the Chinese People’s Volunteers, who have witnessed this crazy aggression by the enemy, are filled with indignation. Chest, vowed to annihilate the enemy with the utmost determination. A counterattack began on November 25. After several days of fierce fighting, the enemy’s offensive has been defeated. The Korean People’s Army on the West Front and our Chinese People’s Volunteers are now With the tendency of overwhelming mountains and rivers, we are advancing rapidly, chasing and fleeing the enemy..." On December 4, Mao Zedong wrote another battle report, stating that "the heroic Korean People’s Army and the Chinese People’s Volunteers are pursuing all the... Line enemy troops, panicked and eager to escape."

Our army "is attacking in the direction of Pyongyang."

Mao Zedong’s two battle reports reported the latest battles on the front line. Because Mao Zedong’s decision-making, deployment, and progress of each battle against the US aid Korea are directly controlled, the overall situation of the battle and the situation of the enemy and ourselves are clear, and there are no boring figures listed in the text. , But with vitality and dynamics, magnificent momentum, and for the first time in the report to use the term "Our People's Volunteers".

After the news was broadcast, it shocked China and foreign countries, and the heroic fighting of our volunteers made the world admire.

　　On December 6, the 116th Division of the 39th Corps of the Volunteer Army, chasing the enemy, recovered Pyongyang, the temporary capital of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.

After Mao Zedong, who was always paying attention to the Korean battlefield in Beijing, received the good news ahead, he was very happy to write a report for Xinhua News Agency. The report said: "The Korean People's Army and our People's Volunteers will liberate Pyongyang today. The invading troops of the United States and other countries and Rhee Seungman The remnants of the bandit army retreated south of Pyongyang. The regular troops of the Korean People’s Army and the Chinese People’s Volunteers entered Pyongyang City at 2 pm on December 6." The report was short and concise, with only 84 characters. It was reported immediately. "The Chinese and North Korean People's Armies fought side by side and regained Pyongyang, which had been occupied for 49 days." The great news was only a few hours before the incident.

　　On December 24, 1950, the second battle ended victoriously. More than 36,000 enemies were wiped out, which completely reversed the Korean War.

The "United Nations Army" retreated to the south of the 38th parallel and switched from offensive to defensive.

The second battle was the most strategic victory in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.

This victory greatly exceeded Mao Zedong's expectations when the volunteers entered the dynasty and before the second battle.

Therefore, Mao Zedong was very excited when he heard the news of the victory. He thought that Liu Yazi had sent a word not long ago, so the poem prospered and wrote a verse: "Before the death of King Yan Chuqi, the contradictions were boundless for many years. Sweeping the new century. The most delighted poet is singing up to the front, and he is on the front line, and the Miaoxiang Mountain is fighting the flag." The Miaoxiang Mountain mentioned in the poem is on the bank of the Cheongcheon River in North Korea and is the front line of the second battle.

　　On December 31, 1950, Mao Zedong’s battle report for the Xinhua News Agency stated: “The Chinese People’s Volunteers and the Korean People’s Army used their own iron fists to hit the American invading army’s elite marines with their iron fists while fighting side by side in Northeast Korea. The First Division, the Seventh Infantry Division and the Third Infantry Division...The warriors of the Chinese and Korean people started from the Changjin Lake area. After more than 20 days of active encirclement, cutting, and pursuit, they hit the eastern coastal Xianxing. The Heungnam area, like chasing ducks, drove the American invading army to the sea... thus cooperating with the victory on the western front, it fundamentally changed the situation of the Korean war and turned itself into a major counteroffensive across the board." Mao Zedong’s report is The summary of the situation on the eastern front of the second battle vividly shows the heroic spirit of our army to move forward and fight continuously, and vividly portray the embarrassing state of the enemy's abandonment of armor and corpses.