Sudden death of another passenger on Beijing subway cites public debate on popularization of public first aid
Say goodbye to sudden death
On September 25, a 45-year-old man fainted and died suddenly at Huoying Station of the Beijing Subway.
This news recently triggered a heated discussion among the public. Many netizens called for "AED (Automatic External Defibrillator) used to rescue cardiac arrest should be popularized in public places."
Recall that in November last year, Taiwanese artist Gao Yixiang died suddenly while recording a show in Ningbo, and there was also a discussion on the Internet about the treatment of sudden death.
It can be seen that the threat of sudden death to us cannot be underestimated. Even athletes and young people are facing great risks.
For the prevention and education of sudden death, there is no shortage of measures at home and abroad. Among them, AED, CPR, SADS and other English abbreviations representing rescue and cause appear frequently in various popular science articles.
Looking at the world, what sudden deaths are worth noting?
How should the prevention and education of sudden death be carried out?
Sudden death frequently invents star masters as vulnerable
Artists’ "interests, well-being and dignity" need to be safeguarded
The mental health protection of artists participating in reality shows is equally important
At the beginning of this year, "U.S. Weekly" published an article counting the stars who left us in 2019. Except for deaths due to illness, sudden death and suicide are the most mentioned causes of death in the article.
In the list given by "U.S. Weekly", it is not uncommon for young adults under 40 to die suddenly, and showbiz stars and athletes account for a large proportion.
Celebrities sometimes face a work environment that reverses day and night, sometimes bear high-intensity physical consumption, and even challenge extreme temperature changes in order to show the effects of the program, which increases the possibility of sudden physical discomfort and sudden death.
In recent years, foreign media have paid special attention to reports on the sudden death of artists in variety shows and actively promoted industry reviews and added protection clauses.
The "Hollywood Reporter" uses a series of graphic stories called "The Dark Side of Reality TV: The Tragic Death of 27 People" to review the stars who have died accidentally in variety shows in recent years.
In 2014, 32-year-old Eric Hill died suddenly of a paraglider failure while filming the variety show "The Bachelor" produced by the American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC).
The accident happened near Draper Mountain in Utah, USA. When he set off from the top of the mountain, the paraglider accidentally collapsed, and he was instantly thrown onto the hillside like a pendulum.
The local firefighting spokesperson Anderton said that although the distance from the ground was not high and the artist was wearing helmets and other protective measures, the heavy impact caused by the excessively fast speed instantly caused serious damage to his body.
Although the program team rushed him to the University of Utah Medical Center from the scene of the accident, Hill died unfortunately.
The "Bachelor" program team said in an interview with CNN that Hill has been inspiring to travel the world since last year and has experience in paragliding. They feel very sad about Hill's death.
With the frequent occurrence of unfortunate incidents, in recent years, supervision from the media and legal control have promoted reality show programs to enhance the protection of program guests.
The British "Guardian" published a commentary in March this year, calling on reality TV shows to pay attention to the mental stress and mental health of artists.
Joe Hemings, a behavioral psychologist who worked for the "Big Brother" program, said that the protection of performers should not be limited to aftercare services, but should also pay attention to regulatory issues, such as what has been done in mental health protection. It is necessary to follow the doctor’s advice and make an assessment of the fitness of the program participants in advance.
In July last year, the "Guardian" further called for safeguards to protect the "dignity" of reality show participants.
Television and radio stations in the UK expressly require the protection of the "interests, well-being and dignity" of artists participating in their programs.
The commentary said that this is likely to change the way the British reality show is made and have a collateral impact on the shooting of the documentary.
Media watchdog Ofcom stated that in addition to requiring producers to take appropriate measures to protect the safety and dignity of participants, broadcasters must also ensure that members of the public "will not cause unreasonable distress by participating in programs or being broadcast. Or anxiety".
After all, in addition to physical challenges, excessive mental stress and anxiety can also bring negative effects to a healthy body and increase the possibility of sudden death.
The possible risks include sudden cardiac arrest (SCD) and sudden death arrhythmia syndrome (SADS).
It is very important to remove the factors of genetic diseases and pay attention to whether you often feel exhausted, nauseated, unable to eat or sleep. If there is a similar situation, you should sound the alarm for heart examination to avoid unexpected risks.
From the cases of celebrities, it is not difficult to find that regardless of whether they are young enough or love sports, they are all facing the same risk of sudden death. The prevention and education of sudden death is even more important.
How to grasp the "golden four minutes" of treatment before sending a doctor to let more ordinary people master the technology of saving lives, countries are actively embarking on popular science education.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation education is a major responsibility
CPR plays the role of "brother's guardian"
Japan is the country with the highest density of AED equipment in the world, sharing an average of 393 devices per 100,000 people
When it comes to the rescue of sudden death, the most common term in lectures and knowledge manuals is CPR—cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Those who have paid attention to this technology for decades are not limited to a large number of medical workers, but also include the general public: When faced with the threat of sudden death, CPR plays the role of "brother's guardian" and awakens a glimmer of hope for us .
The official website of the American Red Cross introduces stories about the application of CPR to practical cases and saving lives in a large number of critical moments, and has made effective publicity for the promotion of cardiopulmonary resuscitation education.
A father introduced that his four-year-old and three-month-old son Miles secretly left the children’s play area of the swimming pool and entered the adult swimming pool.
When he ran over and pulled his son out, the child was already as gray as concrete.
He could barely breathe, but his lungs were pulsing, like a sign of sudden death from drowning.
Just as his family was at a loss, the father described everything as if it had been carefully planned. Someone contacted the front desk staff, someone called 911 for help, and two lifeguards who were just about to leave work helped them to do it for their son. CPR.
The lifeguard sisters are only 18 and 15 years old, but they have received professional cardiopulmonary resuscitation training at the Red Cross.
They took over the child, and before waiting for the arrival of the 911 emergency, they calmly and coordinated to help the child clear the water in the respiratory tract.
The father described that in the process, he seemed to feel the life of his son passing by, and he absolutely couldn't live without him!
He recalled many bits and pieces of getting along with his son, even his favorite jam brand.
However, a miracle happened in an instant, and the son slowly opened his eyes and started to cry.
The next day, he was in good condition and was announced to be discharged from the hospital, which was inseparable from the initial CPR rescue of the two young girls.
Private organizations in the United States also pay attention to the promotion of CPR. On the website called In-purse CPR, many successful rescue cases were introduced in an attempt to attract the attention of the whole people to this technology.
The case is constantly updated. The latest story happened in January 2019. Matt, an orthopedist who lives in Pennsylvania, went to a beach house for vacation after watching a baseball game with his wife on the weekend.
Because it was too late to fall asleep, when Matt was woken up on the phone at 6 o'clock the next morning to talk about work, he found that his wife beside him made a strange noise, but did not consciously respond to Matt's call.
His wife’s pupils were fixed and swollen, her face turned blue, she was in a state of cardiac arrest.
After Matt quickly dialed 911, he gave his wife CPR.
This doctor who is engaged in orthopedics and plastic surgery still mastered the skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation when he was a lifeguard in high school. This time, the timely rescue has returned his wife's precious life.
Not only are social groups and non-governmental organizations focusing on first aid concepts and public training, the government will also popularize life-saving knowledge to more children in the process of school education.
First aid knowledge is set as a course, the content mainly includes quickly determining whether the patient's heart is arrested, and starting emergency medical services, and then starting correct and standardized CPR chest compression.
In addition, teaching students how to use AED equipment is also very important.
The AED, the full name of the automatic external shock defibrillator, can quickly detect the heart rate and pulse of the injured, and restore the heart to normal operation by clicking.
In the first aid class, it is difficult to react and judge in the face of the actual situation without practicing. Therefore, students are also required to perform a lot of practical operations in the class.
Popularization of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not only valued in European and American countries, but Asian countries have also achieved certain results in the application of this technology.
Japan is the country with the highest density of AED equipment in the world, sharing an average of 393 devices per 100,000 people.
According to Lin Qijun, a cardiologist from Taiwan, China, this number is 10 times that of Taiwan.
If CPR can be performed at the time of the accident, the survival rate can be increased by 2-3 times.
The education of first aid training in Japan has also begun to be effective. First aid training courses are included in the standard textbooks in elementary schools. Students will participate in group training during physical education classes. At the same time, all faculty members must also learn CPR and AED operation courses.
Starting in 2012, various local governments in Japan have also responded to the call to more systematically include first aid content in the curriculum planning of schools at all levels.
Before the age of 18, Japanese students have more or less practiced first aid and have basic rescue skills.
External defibrillation "small flame" reburns
The development and promotion of Automatic External Shock Defibrillator (AED) has gone through hundreds of years
It was not until the 21st century that AEDs were truly widely used in public places
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation originated in Europe, represented by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. At that time, it was mainly used to save people who fell into the water.
Today, drowning still occupies a large proportion of human accidental deaths. Therefore, it is not surprising that cardiopulmonary resuscitation has emerged in a country near the water.
The relevant information of the Royal Humanitarian Rescue Association of the United Kingdom records the entire context of the development of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
In 1767, during his stay in Amsterdam, the British doctor Thomas Cogan became interested in the medical issues of rescue of fallen men and founded the Humane Rescue Association.
In 1773, Dr. William House also began to publicize and promote artificial respiration and tobacco smoke enema techniques in the United Kingdom to save those who fell into the water.
For a year, he paid out of his pocket and offered a reward to all those who rescued people from the water within a reasonable soaking time and implemented rescues.
It is quite interesting that as early as the 18th century, these medical rescues caused strong dissatisfaction among church members. They said that it was too much like resurrecting the dead, but only God had the right to do so.
In this regard, Dr. William House strongly refuted. He said that 125 people drowned in London in 1774. If one in 10 of these people could be rescued, then the patient himself and his family and friends were rescued from grief. "Drowning person", who can think that the purpose of this rescue association is not important?
At that time, in order to avoid suspicion, the association began to search for the testimony of the rescued, and the recording site must include three credible witnesses, and one of them is preferably a doctor, military officer or an educated pastor.
Together with his peers, Dr. House clearly advertised to the public that resuscitation is not the same as resurrection.
"The former is to gently fan the wood that has been ignited to make the flames burn again. The latter is to restore the body to life after the spark of life has been completely extinguished." Since then, the Humane Rescue Association has also said "Maybe There is also a small flame buried" as a propaganda slogan for humanitarian assistance.
It was not until 1787 that such arguments finally began to be accepted by the public-more importantly, George II began to sponsor the association.
The development and promotion of Automatic External Shock Defibrillator (AED) has also experienced hundreds of years.
This research originated in the experiment of Danish scientist Abildgaard as early as 1775, and was finally promoted in New York, USA in the 1920s.
Initially, Abildgaard discovered that a chick that had been stunned by the electric current could not be awakened unless it was shocked to the chest.
By 1899, Swiss physiologists Prevost and Batelli used dogs as experimental subjects and discovered that when the dog's heart was stimulated by an electric current, it needed a stronger current to defibrillate, and performing an electric shock was further identified as the key behavior of rescue.
Until the second industrial revolution, the number of accidental deaths from electric shocks also broke a record high.
New York City, in conjunction with Edison, began funding the development of defibrillators.
This technology made significant progress in 1947. The American doctor Claude Beck used a special electric shock board to shock the heart and successfully implemented electric shock defibrillation therapy on a 14-year-old child undergoing thoracic surgery.
This first successful case of human rescue has greatly encouraged the medical community. The shock boards and replicas of that year were also collected in museums in the United States. The museum also introduced to future generations the efforts made by medical sages for AED, especially Four key stages of its development.
In 1956, external electric shock defibrillation was quite mature, and in 1968, the electric shock device was made portable. The size of the electric shock device was small enough to be placed in an ambulance, allowing patients to receive treatment before admission.
The external defibrillator with automatic heart rate analysis in the 1970s is the prototype of today's AED. Its heart rate judgment function makes it easier for the general public to judge whether a patient needs an electric shock.
In 1980, the electric shock patch replaced the traditional manual electric shock, laying the foundation for the promotion of AED.
However, the real application of AED in the public domain did not happen until the beginning of the 21st century. In 2003, New York State took the lead in compelling schools at all levels to set up AED equipment.
Subsequently, in 2004, the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States stipulated that large passenger aircraft must be equipped with AEDs, and crews need to be trained.
Today, AED is very common in public places at home and abroad, and it can be found in schools, airports, and shopping malls.
Compensation and allowance for the deceased
Pensions are usually paid in installments, and the amount is determined according to the proportion of employees’ income during their lifetime
There are certain difficulties in the arrangement and distribution of compensation
When the unfortunate accident suddenly comes, the family is not only facing pain, but also a series of large and small matters that consume a lot of money.
At this time, compensation for the sudden death has become an issue of public concern.
As the deceased's age, nationality, job, etc. are different, there are also certain differences in the compensation that can be obtained.
On the legal aid website named NOLO, you can find the explanation and determination of compensation for sudden work-related death in the United States, but there are subtle differences between states in the United States.
Usually eligible for pensions are relatives who have a marriage or blood relationship with the deceased. They live with the deceased and rely to a certain extent on the deceased’s income as a source of support.
However, some states, such as Ohio, have relaxed the terms and restrictions, and they also allow units to provide some compensation for the collateral relatives of the deceased living together.
In addition, the definition of the cause of death of the deceased is also related to the availability of pensions.
There is no doubt about the deaths caused at work, but it is not only the death at work that can be compensated.
In addition to sudden death, if an employee suffers a chronic injury at work and eventually leads to death, he can also receive a corresponding subsidy.
In the United States, pensions are usually paid in installments, and the amount is determined based on the proportion of the employee’s income during his lifetime. It varies slightly from state to state, but generally the weekly payment amount is two-thirds of the deceased’s average weekly income during his lifetime—its amount is The requirement is higher than the minimum salary standard, but it cannot exceed the maximum amount set by the state.
However, some state units will also pay a lump-sum fee at special moments (such as the first two years), but whether the pension can be increased because there are more dependent children in the family depends on the state.
In addition, if family members can receive a pension through the social security channel, the unit’s compensation will be reduced accordingly. Such clauses are clearly stipulated in the New York State Workers’ Compensation Act.
There is also a time limit for these installment payments. Taking the spouse as an example, death or remarriage means that the subsidy plan will automatically expire.
For children, the amount will be provided until they reach 18 years of age.
In addition to helping the family of the deceased live, the pension is also used to cover thousands of dollars in funeral expenses and to pay for the deceased’s medical expenses during the rescue period to help the family alleviate the huge financial pressure in the short term.
In the United States, although a relatively complete bill is in place for the compensation of employees’ sudden death due to work-related injuries, due to different state regulations, it is very troublesome for the general public to make claims in accordance with laws and regulations.
In such an environment, a team of lawyers specializing in compensation for sudden death has also spawned to provide packaged legal services tailored to local conditions.
In the United Kingdom, there are also law firms and non-profit organizations helping to deal with the problem of compensation for sudden deaths due to work-related injuries.
The well-known British law firm Slater&Gordon has offices in Scotland, England and Wales, and its main business includes employment and personal injury compensation.
According to the information they released, there are many reasons for sudden death in the UK, the most important ones include: road traffic accidents, fatal injuries in the workplace, miscellaneous accidents (including amusement parks, drowning, fires, etc.), and deaths in childbirth And suicide.
When the above-mentioned misfortune occurs, the most immediate challenges faced by the family include emotional pain, financial difficulties, practical challenges and legal issues.
However, the firm’s data pointed out that according to the law, there is a certain dilemma in the use of compensation for sudden death: in addition to a married partner who can get a tax-free subsidy of 2,000 pounds, other family members have to split the subsidy twice.
However, the Scottish Damages Act, which has been applicable since 2011, does not limit the scope of compensation for bereaved relatives, that is, not only the parents, children or spouses of the deceased have the right to benefit.
However, the sudden death often does not have time to leave a will, which makes subsequent financial arrangements and distribution more difficult.
This edition article/Wu Bingcong