Chinanews client, Beijing, September 10 (Reporter Shangguanyun) "Teachers, so preaching and teaching karma to solve puzzles." Whether it is the teaching of knowledge or the cultivation of temperament, teachers will always play an indispensable role .

　　September 10th is Teacher's Day, and students will express their respect to teachers in various ways.

In fact, China has always had a tradition of respecting teachers and respecting education. In ancient times, people treated teachers very politely.

Data map: 300 college students fight for the giant "love" grateful teacher.

Photo by Meng Delong

Respect teachers and teach with tradition

　　Since ancient times, people have respected teachers.

　　"Guanzi·Disciple Position" puts forward, "The teacher teaches, the disciple is the one. Be gentle and respectful, and accept the extreme. See the good and follow it, and listen to the righteousness."

According to legend, Li Gu in the Eastern Han dynasty sought the guidance of a famous teacher, "often searching for a teacher on foot, not far away".

　　Wu Peng, a doctor of history at Renmin University of China and a columnist, gave an example in an interview with a reporter from Chinanews.com. According to the "Book of Rites·XueJi", teachers should be summoned by the emperor, "no north face", and the etiquette of kneeling and meeting can be avoided to form respect. A model of mentorship.

　　In addition, tutors tend to get relatively high courtesy.

Teachers from the school are welcome to their homes, and they must sit west and east to show respect.

Some particularly wealthy families often set up stoves for private school teachers.

　　There is a saying that in ancient times there were days similar to "Teacher's Day", namely the birthday of Confucius and the birthday of the school teacher.

At that time, the owner of the school often gave the school teacher "festival ceremony" during the festival and other periods to show respect.

Did ancient teachers also have "employment qualification inspection"?

　　Generally speaking, the ancient education system can be roughly divided into official schools and private schools.

As far as government science is concerned, it can be divided into central government science and local government science. The former are Taixue and Guozijian, while the latter are government, state, and county studies.

Data map: Previously, Zhongfangyuan Primary School in Zhengzhou, Henan Province held an "opening ceremony" for first-year freshmen. Through special forms such as ordering cinnabar, learning to write the word "person", and offering tea to the teacher, students can experience the enlightenment education of respecting the teacher .

Photo by Tang Li

　　Some scholars believe that private schools include academies and various schools of enlightenment education.

Enlightenment education in ancient times is highly valued, and schools are called schools, which can be divided into three categories: family schools, private schools, and righteous schools.

　　Private schools are well understood, and can often be heard in film and television dramas.

To put it simply, the private school was run by the ancient teacher himself. It was set up in his own home or borrowed from an ancestral hall, etc., to recruit students to study.

　　"As far as official studies are concerned, in the Qin Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty, teachers generally did not need to take an exam, but only relied on government recruitment or recommendation by others. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, if you want to become a Taixue teacher, you need to pass the exam hosted by Taichang Temple." Wu Peng Say.

　　He mentioned that in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, a comprehensive inspection of teachers’ qualifications began, focusing on teaching abilities, teacher ethics and teaching volume, that is, class hours, etc., and comprehensively delineated rankings.

　　Indeed, there are data showing that there is such a record in the "Denke Ji Kao": "The doctors and teaching assistants all counted how much they taught in the year as the test level."

Good knowledge, good character

　　In ancient times, it was not easy to become a teacher.

People who hire tutors often take into consideration the teacher's knowledge, conduct, dedication and good teaching.

　　For example, there are requirements for teachers' age and past experience. The so-called "old success" and "nian Gaode Shao" mean this.

Many families even have specific age requirements when choosing teachers.

　　"According to the "Book of Rites·Xue Ji" records, ancient teachers need to have a high level of morality and knowledge, that is,'knowing the cause of teaching, but also knowing the reason and abolishment of teaching, and then can be a teacher." Wu Peng gave an example. .

Data map: The students of the Chinese Studies Class of Wuhan University wore the deep clothes of Zhu Zi of the Han Dynasty and performed the "discipline ceremony" to commemorate the 2567 birthday of the Chinese sage Confucius.

Shi Cai Li is one of the two great Confucian rituals handed down in China. It is also a ceremony performed by scholars in ancient times when they enter school. It is a way for ancient students to express respect for the teacher.

Photo by Liang Ting

　　Therefore, he mentioned that the teachers at that time must master the teaching methods systematically, have high teaching ability, be good at inspiring and inducing, "be able to understand, and then be a teacher"; to master the psychology of students, according to their different psychology Features to help it correct its shortcomings.

The income structure of teachers

　　When it comes to income, the tutor’s income is roughly composed of three parts, mainly bundle repairs, meals and festivals. The amount varies slightly according to the specific circumstances.

　　Among them, Shuxiu is the remuneration and tuition given to teachers by the parents of students, and it is the main source of income for teachers.

Bunch repairs can be in cash or in kind.

　　The meal is better understood. It is the three meals a day provided to the teacher by the parents of the student during the teaching period of the teacher, or directly provides the kind of food such as firewood, rice, oil, salt, vegetables, meat, fruits and so on.

　　As the name suggests, Wu Peng explained that Jie Jing is a cash or gift given to the tutor by the parents of the students during the beginning of school, holidays, and the Mid-Autumn Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Summer Solstice, and Winter Solstice.

　　The term "Shuxiu" has another point of knowledge.

"The Analects of Confucius · Shuer" mentioned that "I am not incapable of cultivating the above by myself."

According to Wu Peng, in this regard, there is a saying that "shuxiu" is a meeting gift or tuition for the teacher, that is, ten dried meats. This sentence means "As long as it is proactively giving me a little meeting gift, I never fail to teach of".

　　Wu Peng said, but there is also a view that "Shu Xiu" is equivalent to "Shu Xiu", which means sashing at the age of fifteen. The sentence in The Analects of Confucius Above, I have nothing that is not educated."

(Finish)