How to deal with frequent geological disasters in flood season
Prevent key point control when not sent
At 5 o'clock on June 14th, heavy rain fell in Shizhu County, Chongqing, and Zhou Wen, a villager in Liushui Village, Daxie Town, issued a door to dredge the ditch behind his house and found that there were signs of deformation on the slope behind the house. Based on the knowledge learned at that time, it was initially judged that there was a high possibility of collapse, and immediately began to evacuate 8 people and 17 people from the surrounding people, and at the same time reported the situation to the village committee. At 6 o'clock, there was a large-scale landslide on the slope, which caused damage to the 19 houses below. Due to the early evacuation of personnel, no casualties were caused.
At present, my country is entering the main flood season from south to north. The Ministry of Natural Resources and the China Meteorological Administration have recently jointly issued warnings on geological disaster meteorological risks, saying that geological hazards may be triggered by local heavy rainfall in many places across the country. Please pay attention to the real-time monitoring, flood prevention warnings and transfers to avoid risks. The early warning information issued in time has played an important role in disaster prevention and mitigation.
How to deal with the complex flood season and severe geological disaster situation, sound the alarm before the disaster and effectively prevent it? The reporter interviewed relevant departments and experts.
When the flood season comes, all parties will stand in line
"Flood control has entered a critical period, and all parties must tighten the roots of flood control and build a'safety dike' for flood control." Ye Jianchun, deputy minister of water resources, said that in response to recent storms and floods in the southern region, the Ministry of Water Resources has launched flood and drought prevention IV Level 6 and Level 3 emergency response, dispatched 6 working groups to Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hunan and other places to guide defense work, strengthen monitoring, forecasting and early warning, strengthen flood control and drought control in water projects, and strengthen technical support for flood control and emergency rescue.
According to the forecast of flood conditions and the current situation of flood control, excessive floods, reservoir safety and flash flood disasters are regarded as the three major risk points for this year's flood defense. Floods that exceed the fortification standards of rivers, lakes, and lakes are highly hazardous and are a major risk. They must be ordered in an orderly manner, and must not be allowed to fail. The safety of floods of large and small reservoirs is also not sloppy, especially those small reservoirs that have hidden dangers of varying degrees of risk. ; Mountain flood disasters are multi-faceted, sudden, and difficult to defend, and are the main types of disasters that cause casualties during the flood season.
The Ministry of Water Resources requires major rivers, water conservancy units of important tributaries, and cities with flood control tasks at or above the county level to prepare a flood prevention plan for over-standard flooding, which should be completed by June 30. At the same time, this year, we plan to visit at least 6,500 small reservoirs and 1,000 large and medium-sized reservoirs in time to find problems and rectify problems in time to ensure the safety of the flood season. At present, the water conservancy system is conducting online training for more than 10,000 relevant personnel in 2,076 counties with torrent disaster prevention tasks. At the same time, the water conservancy department also instructed the grassroots government to revise the plan and carry out drills to enhance the people's awareness and ability of disaster prevention and risk avoidance.
At this time, disaster warning is particularly important.
The reporter consulted the 2020 geological disaster prevention plan released by the Hunan Provincial Department of Natural Resources and found that according to the prevention plan, new equipment and new technologies will be used more. Since this year, Hunan provincial departments have equipped 553 pieces of various equipment including mobile communication support vehicles, three-dimensional laser scanners, wireless video transmission systems, satellite ground stations and mobile video soldiers. Equipped with 1641 sets of various equipment. The province also plans to use remote sensing technology to carry out 1:1 million geological disaster surveys and risk assessments in 3 to 4 years. Shen Zhijun, chief planner of the Hunan Provincial Department of Natural Resources, said that through higher-precision investigation and evaluation, it is basically possible to identify the conditions and basic characteristics of geological disasters and establish a three-level geological disaster risk management and control system at the provincial, municipal and county levels.
In this year's flood season, my country's precipitation shows a spatial distribution of "more north and south, less middle", with more floods than droughts. It is estimated that from June to August this year, the precipitation in most parts of Gansu will be 20% to 30% higher than the normal annual average. The Yellow River Basin and Ganxi Inland River Basin in Gansu may have heavier flood conditions. Dryland flood control has become a new feature.
At present, Gansu Province is actively arranging the prevention of flood and drought disasters, and the monitoring and early warning of flood and drought disasters are in progress. Since March, Gansu Water Conservancy Department has conducted investigations on the flood control of reservoirs and key sections of important rivers, and has rectified 395 potential risks. Of the 279 flood damage projects last year, 246 have been repaired, and the rest of the repairs will be completed before the main flood season this year.
Early warning of geological disasters helps prevent and mitigate disasters
“In late May, the Dushan and Nu Autonomous County of Gongshan in northwestern Yunnan suffered several geological disasters due to continuous heavy rainfall. The local emergency transfer resettled 2,771 people to avoid casualties. Jiuhua, Kecheng District, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, in the early hours of June 4 The township successfully avoided a landslide disaster and transferred 107 people in advance. On June 7, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region successfully avoided 4 geological disasters and evacuated a total of 863 people in advance. On June 11, Sichuan Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture successfully avoided A debris flow disaster transferred 129 people to avoid 60 casualties. From January to May, 56 geological disasters were successfully forecast nationwide, and 2,576 people evacuated from the danger zone in time to avoid direct economic losses of 170 million yuan." Ministry of Natural Resources Geology Liu Chuanzheng, deputy director of the Disaster Technical Guidance Center, told reporters.
To cope with possible geological disasters, my country has repeatedly organized technical forces to carry out geological disaster risk investigations, relocation and concessions. Early warnings for geological disasters and meteorological risks at all levels were launched ahead of time. Several orange warnings or yellow warnings were issued to key areas, and the warning information was transmitted to the public through the Internet, mobile phone reports, Weibo, and WeChat public accounts. Combining mass monitoring and prevention, professional monitoring and other means, the threatened people were transferred in time, and many geological disasters that could cause casualties were successfully avoided.
The occurrence of geological disasters is closely related to topography, geotechnical composition, groundwater activity, and human social and economic development. The precursors of geological disasters can be captured. "Therefore, we try our best to catch the precursors and monitor as early as possible the upcoming geological disasters." Liu Chuanzheng said.
After years of hard work, my country has initially established a geological disaster investigation and identification, monitoring and early warning, governance and avoidance, emergency response, scientific and technological support and integrated management work system, and achieved remarkable results in disaster prevention and mitigation. The average annual number of people killed in my country due to geological disasters has declined significantly.
The establishment of a geological disaster monitoring and early warning system has been particularly effective in reducing casualties and successfully predicting geological disasters. From 2006 to 2010, the country successfully forecast 617 geological disasters, evacuated 37,842 people in time, and avoided direct economic losses of 414 million yuan. From 2011 to 2015, 1,228 geological disasters were successfully forecast nationwide, and 63,238 people were evacuated in time to avoid direct economic losses of 1.15 billion yuan. From 2016 to 2019, 3,136 geological disasters were successfully forecast nationwide, 111,863 people were evacuated in time to avoid direct economic losses of 3.75 billion yuan.
my country attaches great importance to the monitoring and early warning of geological disasters and has always been committed to establishing a scientific and efficient geological disaster monitoring and early warning system. At present, my country's geological disaster monitoring and early warning are mainly divided into regional monitoring and early warning and point monitoring and early warning. Among them, regional monitoring and early warning includes geological disaster risk early warning based on meteorological factors (currently mainly heavy rainfall), early identification of space and sky remote sensing, point monitoring and early warning includes professional instrument monitoring and early warning.
Geological disaster risk early warning based on meteorological factors has formed a national, provincial, municipal, and county-level linkage geological disaster monitoring and early warning system, and provides guidance for professional instrument monitoring, group measurement, group prevention and emergency prevention for specific landslide debris flow points.
On April 7, 2003, the former Ministry of Land and Resources and the China Meteorological Administration signed the "Agreement on the Joint Development of Meteorological Forecasting and Early Warning for Geological Hazards by the Ministry of Land and Resources and the China Meteorological Administration".
On June 1, 2003, CCTV officially released geological disaster warning information for the first time. Since then, the annual Ministry of Land and Resources and China Meteorological Administration jointly carried out geological disaster forecast and early warning during the flood season (May to September), and in the form of a joint document issued by the two departments, in the province (autonomous region, municipality), city (prefecture, state, Union), counties (cities, districts) to promote this work. Over the past 18 years of this work, 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), 332 cities (prefectures, prefectures and municipalities), and 1,679 counties (cities and districts) have established geological disaster meteorological warning systems.
In response to geological disasters such as landslides, landslides, debris flows, and ground subsidence, my country’s natural resource system has cumulatively built more than 6,000 specialized monitoring sites for landslides, collapses, and debris flows, including a variety of monitoring equipment. These professional monitoring points have played an important role in improving the scientific understanding of geological disasters in my country and effectively serving local geological disaster prevention and emergency avoidance.
my country's geological disaster prevention system is improving day by day
In 1999, the national geological disaster census began, and in 2003 nationwide geological disaster monitoring and early warning began. At present, a relatively complete and scientific geological disaster prevention system has been formed. my country's geological disaster monitoring and early warning work started late but progressed quickly. The scientific research capability is close to the international advanced level. Disaster prevention service application capabilities and disaster reduction effectiveness have made remarkable progress. From government officials to grassroots people, from the scientific and technological community to the business community, it is rare for the world to carry out comprehensive and continuous prevention and control of geological disasters in the vast areas of China.
Worldwide, early warning research on rainfall-induced geological disasters was carried out by Japan and the United States. However, disaster prevention and mitigation services are mainly limited to relatively small, local areas.
In 1974, Japanese scholars studied the accumulated rainfall and hourly rainfall intensity of a large number of landslides and debris flows, and began to develop and apply early warning systems for landslides and debris flows. Initially, the debris flow forecast system in the small-scale area is the main. Through the statistical analysis of the rainfall data in the upstream debris flow formation area, the critical rainfall value and the critical rainfall alarm line are determined. The data can be collected in real time, calculated and compared, and the alarm signal is automatically issued. .
In 1985, the United States formally established a real-time early warning system for landslide and debris flow in the San Francisco Bay area, studied the experience and analytical relationship between rainfall and landslide occurrence, and issued a map of landslide-prone areas based on real-time rainfall monitoring data. Landslide and debris flow hazard warning is conducted through local radio stations, television stations and special meteorological forecasts.
"Because of China's vast territory, complex geological environment, and scattered rural communities, China is still not precise enough in the establishment of mathematical and physical models of geological disasters, and there is still much room for improvement in the originality and accuracy of software development and monitoring technology." Liu Chuanzheng Said. But at the same time, my country's disaster group monitoring and prevention system plays an important role in disaster prevention and mitigation, which is irreplaceable and has obvious advantages. The system is composed of three levels of monitoring and early warning agencies, including villages (groups), townships (towns), and counties (cities, districts). Each has its own responsibilities and responsibilities to each person. In order to reduce casualties and property losses, enhance public awareness of disaster prevention and Ability plays an important role. At present, there are more than 300,000 group monitoring and defense personnel in the country, which has initially achieved full coverage of known geological disaster sites. Key areas have established a system for the guidance and guidance of scientific and technical personnel during the main flood season. The vast majority of geological disaster precursors were first discovered by group detection and defense personnel and achieved successful risk avoidance.
At the end of 2018, the Ministry of Natural Resources organized a seminar on geological disaster monitoring and early warning technology innovation, and proposed to break through the bottleneck restricting the development of professional monitoring and early warning, improve the scientific and technological content of point monitoring and early warning, and make up for the deficiency of the group monitoring and prevention system. Universal monitoring and early warning equipment with reliable operation, simple functions, appropriate accuracy, economical application and high cost performance.
According to the requirements of the Ministry of Natural Resources, the China Geological Environment Monitoring Institute (Geological Disaster Technical Guidance Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources) took the lead and united 19 relevant units, universities, research institutes and enterprises to form a technical research team. After more than a year of hard work, we have developed a series of universal equipment for landslide instrument, which can monitor 6 indicators such as cracks, displacement, dip angle, vibration acceleration, rainfall and soil water content. These devices have high integration and optimized functions. At the same time, the "Geological Disasters Specialized Group Monitoring and Early Warning Technology Guide" and "Geological Disaster Monitoring Data Communication Technical Requirements" were compiled, the monitoring data transmission communication protocol was standardized, the data format and transmission method were unified, and the intelligent monitoring and early warning platform for geological disasters was developed.
In 2019, the Ministry of Natural Resources organized relevant units to set up 29 pilot sites across the country to improve while trying out research and development. In 2020, the Ministry of Natural Resources has allocated 18 million yuan in the budget at this level, and has established 130 additional pilot projects in Hubei, Yunnan, and Shaanxi. It has also arranged 2,000 pilot construction tasks in the central government subsidy funds, which will be implemented by local organizations. At the same time, the China Geological Survey has also arranged 33 pilot construction tasks in some geological survey projects. At present, it has completed the monitoring plan review and on-site instrument deployment.
Cultivating disaster prevention culture among the masses is an important way to reduce disasters
On June 13, the National Disaster Reduction Committee and the Ministry of Emergency Management initiated a national level Ⅳ emergency response to the severe floods in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, Southeast Guizhou, and Southern Guizhou Province, and dispatched a working group to the severely affected area to check the situation on the spot and provide guidance. Assist local governments to do disaster relief work such as life assistance for the affected people.
In addition to organized disaster prevention and mitigation actions at the government level, every citizen in a geological disaster-prone area is consciously nurturing a risk culture, including fear culture, prevention culture, disaster prevention culture, emergency culture, and institutional culture. It is higher than the important content of physical fortification or physical entity disaster prevention and reduction.
In reality, due to unconsciousness, lack of knowledge, or lack of knowledge, specific analysis will not be carried out based on specific problems. Ignorance of changing phenomena, lack of alertness to emergencies, will not naturally produce a stress response to specific scenarios, and spontaneously mobilize knowledge Flexible application. This kind of knowledge-based disaster prevention and mitigation has a lack of ability to cope with disasters, resulting in multiple disasters.
Cultivating a disaster prevention and mitigation culture can save people and save themselves. Disaster prevention and mitigation culture includes thought, consciousness, knowledge, knowledge, methods and customs. The lack of disaster prevention and mitigation culture is an important factor for disaster amplification. Emphasis on the cultivation and promotion of disaster prevention and mitigation culture is an important manifestation of whether the public society can reflect on itself and continue to promote civilization.
In the construction of urban and rural community disaster prevention culture, it is necessary to emphasize the "six self", that is, self-identification, self-monitoring, self-prediction, self-prevention, self-emergency and self-treatment, and highlight the real-time nature of disaster prevention and mitigation, so as not to miss the opportunity for disaster reduction To minimize disaster losses and casualties.
Casualties often occur in areas where there are many left-behind elderly women, children, migrant workers, and tourists, or who do not respond to geological disaster warning information, do not evacuate, do not evacuate in time, and do not lift the warning or emergency response. Among the people in the danger zone. The construction of community (village) disaster prevention culture is reflected in the list of risks and the establishment of community (village) disaster risk management mechanism.
Safety and disaster reduction are related to human life. "Be prepared for the rain and prevent disasters. So far, our country's flood prevention work is still in the early stages, and we must adhere to the bottom line thinking and strengthen risk awareness. The meteorological and hydrological departments and the responsible parties must continue to be good'wind and rain watchmen', Each department performs its duties, coordinates and cooperates, strengthens forecasting and early warning, intensifies research and judgment on flood conditions, implements various flood prevention measures to ensure the safety of each risk point during the flood season, and ensures the safe passage of the flood season this year." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Water Resources said. (Reporter Huang Hui)