Cao Cao is not only a well-known politician, thinker, and writer in Chinese history, but his contribution to music cannot be underestimated. The important music of ancient China, Qing Shangle, was founded in Cao Cao.
The rise of the Qing Dynasty Shangle in the period of Cao Wei, inheriting the tradition of Xianghe in the Han Dynasty, and the beginning of the Yanle in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Jian'an literati group with San Cao (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) as the core, not only contributed to the literati transformation of Yuefu folk songs It also made Qingshang music famous. Guo Maoqian's "Collection of Yuefu Poetry" Volume 44 "Qing Shangqu Ci" Cloud: "Qing Yue, the legacy of the Nine Dynasties. Its beginning is the phase and the three tone is also, and the old songs since the Han and Wei dynasties, all of which are ancient tunes And the three ancestors of Wei." Zhong Rong's "Preface to Poems" also said: "Jian'an, Jian'an, Cao's father and son, good manners...being prosperous, ready for the times".
Cao Zhiyan is the father who "bowed Yasong and was seized by Qin" ("Emperor Wudi"), and more than 20 poems collected in "Cao Cao Ji", all of which were Yuefu poems. Most of Han Yuefu's verses are taken from folk, and the style is not high. Cao Cao has a strong preference for music. His wife Bian was originally a singing singer, so "Tai Zu is a man who is easy to be prestigious, good music, advocating superiority, often with day and night" ("Three Kingdoms Wudi Ji" Note "Cao Qizhuan"), often listening to folk songs all night long, sleepless and sleepless. At the time of his death, Cao Cao also left a decree, requesting that all the kabuki bands used in his lifetime be placed in Tongquetai. On the first and fifteenth days of each month, he would pull out and play lively. So that you can enjoy the wonderful music of the world under the Nine Springs.
"After Jian'an, the warriors of the world were attacked by soldiers. Cao's father and son were poems and poems. They often wrote poems, so their works of restraining grievances and grievances were especially ancient." (Yuan Zhen "Tomb of Duo Lang Dujun is inscribed and prefaced") Cao Cao did not abandon chanting on the occasion of Rong Ma Zhuo, "Climbing must give, and create new poetry, orchestrated by it, all become music" ("Three Kingdoms · Emperor Wudi" annotated Wang Shen "Wei Shu"), the poems he filled out such as "Huo Li Xing", "Song Song Xing", "stepping out of Xia Men Xing", "Xie Lu Xing", etc. were spread to the public at that time, and were all the rage.
As the "Patriarch of Reconstruction Articles" written by Lu Xun, Cao Cao does not follow the methods of his predecessors and constantly pursues new changes in the creation of Yuefu poems. "Dangge Xing", according to Cui Bao's "Ancient and Modern Notes" cloud: "Long Songs, Short Songs, people have long and short lifespans, each has their own points, and can not be arrogant", full of stereotypical ideas of fatalism, and Cao Cao's "Dongge Xing" is chanting While singing "Song to Wine, Geometry of Life", it also incorporates its ambitious ambitions to seek for virtue, unify the world, "The mountain does not hate high, the sea does not hate deep, Zhou Gong vomits, the world returns to heart", injecting this ancient song With a new connotation and artistic conception, thousands of famous articles have been created. In Hao Li Xing and Xie Lu Xing, the ancient words are all funeral songs. In Cao Cao's pen, they became the narrative song describing Dong Zhuo's atrocities and warlords in the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. "Out of the Xia Men Xing" is a tune in the Han Dynasty Yuefu Xianghe, originally lamenting the impermanence of life, chasing after the immortals, was transformed into "watching the sea", "winter October", "heshuohan" and "turtle" by Cao Cao "Shoushou" and other four immortal movements expressing chants of chants, "Fortunately, even ya, sing to sing chants". Qing Zuoming's "Anthology of Caishutang Ancient Poems" stated that "famous quotes are inspiring and generosity makes people generous. Meng Deneng sings out four tones in three hundred essays, so it is a sing."
Cao Cao's love for music has also been organized into "a bloody crime caused by a concert". There is a scenic spot called "Zhengdipu" in Xinghua Park in Hefei.
Lujiang Zhengdipu, Pu has a large ship, covered in water, the cloud is Cao Gong ship. I tasted a fisherman staying next to it, and fastened it by boat, but I heard the sound and aroma of the zither string festival. The fisherman also dreamed of being dismissed, Yun: Do not approach the official ship. The man was shocked and moved to the ship. According to legend, Yun Cao Gong contained several prostitutes, and the ship was covered here.
This legend continues to evolve in the folk, becoming a complete story: At that time, the outside of Jindoumen was connected with Fei Shui. Afterwards, Cao Cao took a big white boat to drink and celebrate with the generals on board, and found kabukis to play on the boat to help. At the climax of the performance, the generals flocked to Cao Cao to pay tribute, causing the ship to lose its balance, the ship was overturned, and the joy was very sad. Cao Cao was naturally rescued by others, while Geisha smelt down. Every night thereafter, the sound of clank and guzheng sounded like the ghost of a beautiful girl, and the name "Zhengdi Pu" got its name. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Jindou River meandered through the Guzheng Dipu, the Bishu yellowbird, the flowing water, the Yulang fishing boat, the foggy smoke, and the picturesque scenery. In the eight years of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, "Fu Guocheng Map of Hefei County" is still marked with zhengdipu. Zuo Fu, who used to be the county and editor-in-chief of Hefei County in Hefei, has a poem cloud: "Searching for God and searching for the old Pu, the wave is beautiful. Glamorous moments, where the Qing songs are heard. Falling flowers are not sold, and dreams are scattered towards the clouds. Looking back at the Xiling tree, He Zeng stayed at Xizhu." Now Zhengdipu has been converted into an artificial lake.
Emperor Wendi Cao Pi's love for music was not his father's, and the feasting of pleasure and color selection became the source of his poetry creation. In "The Book with Wu Zhi", Cao Pi wrote: "Every time you choose to be popular, the silk and bamboo play together, The wine was hearty and warm, and he gave poetry to him, but at this time, he suddenly did not know how to enjoy himself." His brother, Cao Zhi, also recorded the situation of Cao Pi's simultaneous singing and singing, "Qi people enter the Qi music, and the singers go out of the West Qin" ("The Crown Prince sits"). Cao Pi can also play and sing on his own, "A piece of "Dangge Xing·Zhan Zhan", Wei's decree, envoy, music, Wei Wen made this remark, since he played the zither chorus. Singer Yun, your official plays zither, your official That is Wei Wenye" ("Ancient and Modern Music Record" cited Wang Sengqian "Technical Record"). Cao Pi's "Yan Ge Xing" is regarded as the target of the seven-character poem in our country. The poem clearly mentions "assist the strings and clear the merchants", which shows that the merchants of Qing dynasty were recitals at that time.
Chen Siwang and Cao Zhi are more well-known for their talents and talents, and they are proficient in music. They are adapted to the "Five Songs of the Ancient Songs" and "there are five new songs based on the previous songs". Cao Zhi is also respected as the founder of Chinese Buddhist music. Once he played on Yushan Mountain in Dong'a County. "Suddenly heard the sound of Brahma in the sky, elegant and mournful, and his heart moved." Enlighten the Faying, it is to copy its syllables, written as Brahma, write the sound of the article, pass it to the post style, the Brahma sounds manifested in the world, and began here" ("Fayuan Zhulin · Praise"), this is Yushan Fanbei was included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Due to the special preference of the ruler, Cao Wei set up the Qing Business Department in the central agency. After Cao Cao settling Hebei to the capital of Yecheng, he rose up to the Tongquetai and indulged in singing and dancing. According to Hu Yunxing's "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Annotation: "Wei Taizu raised the bronze prince (que) stage at Ye, and made his own music, and was orchestrated. Then he placed the Qing Order of the Qing Dynasty in the palm of his hand and belonged to Guanglu Xun," and built Cao Cao. Tongquetai was the source of the rise of Qing Shangle. The Southern Dynasty Wang Sengqian also said: "Today's Qing commerce, is actually made of copper finches, Wei's three ancestors, elegant, Jingluo Xiang Gao, Jiang Zuoyazhong" ("Song Shu Le Zhi").
Cao Cao not only preserves and restores the folk songs of the Yahaole House, but also preserves and restores the court Yale. In the dilemma of "the great chaos in the late Han Dynasty, all the music is lacking", Yale has suffered more than a few years, and its recovery and reconstruction are naturally difficult. After Cao Cao calmed Jingzhou, he was delighted by Du Kui. Du Kui "comprehends as Yale Lang", is proficient in the rhythm, "conscientious, extraordinary, can't do anything", but is not good at singing and dancing performances. Cao Cao appointed Du Kui as a military sacrifice wine, "Participate in the ceremonies, create melody for the sake of the president... The president studied, studied the scriptures, picked stories, taught lectures, and prepared them as musical instruments. Since Kui Shi Ye" ("Three Kingdoms Du Kui"). After the unremitting efforts of Cao Cao and others, shortly after Cao Pi assumed the throne (two years in the early years of Huangchu), Yale had a considerable scale. For a time, it was really "Sihong ancients, salty and more beginning", and Du Kui was promoted to Taile Ling, Association Lvduwei.
In the twenty-fifth year of the first month of Han Xian Emperor Jian'an Gengzi (March 15, 220 AD), Cao Cao died of illness in Luoyang. Based on his realist creation techniques and grand imagination, he made bold innovations in the system of Yuefu poetry, strengthened his heart, expressed his enthusiasm, and showed his honest spirit and mastery. Cao Cao's transformation of Han Yuefu has broadened Yuefu music's creative field and artistic expression, and injected new vitality into its development. This has had a profound impact on the formation of Qing Shangle and even the direction of Chinese music history. After 1800 The years are still shining.
(Author: Huang Min Science, Department of Shaoxing University School of Art associate professor, master tutor)