Why should the "le" in "Qing Ping Le" read "lè"
Song Renzong Statue
Shen Wenfan
The hit drama "Qing Ping Le" has received much attention since its airing. Its exquisite costumes, scenes, lines and so on can reflect the respect of historical details in the production team, which is very rare. Such a large-scale historical drama is very beneficial to the spread of Chinese classical culture. But at the same time, the author also has to raise an obvious question about the pronunciation of the topic "Qing Ping Le". The pronunciation of the word "le" in melody has always been a problem of disagreement. When the title "Qing Ping Le" appeared at the beginning of this play, the pronunciation of "Le" was clearly marked as "yuè" underneath it. The author has different views on this.
Many great tunes in the Tang Dynasty originated from Tang poetry, and the name of the tone chosen is also consistent with the ability of Tang poetry
To figure out how to pronounce words, let ’s first look at the source of the words. According to the classification of Mr. Wan Minhao's "Introduction to Ci Studies", the main sources of Tang and Song Ci tunes are: interception of Sui and Tang's Daqu, Faqu or quoted Qin tunes; adaptations of folk songs, sacrificial tunes, military music; tunes created by the court, etc. . When the tone of the word was originally created, it should have meaning in itself, and the name of the tone should be closely related to the content of the chapter. Most of the tone name is also the title of the word. For example, the words "touching fish" write touch fish; the words "bu operator" write sell; the words "voice of love" write love; the words "zhuyingtaijin" write Liangzhu stories, etc., the vocabulary name is basically the original meaning of singing.
Many great tunes in the Tang Dynasty originated from Tang poetry, and the name of the tune was adapted to the ability of the Tang poetry. For example, "Midnight Music" and "Return to Beijing Music" were when the Ming Emperor of Tang Dynasty was not the emperor. The power of Wei Hou, since Luzhou returned to the Beijing division, after the midnight attack on Wei, the Ming emperor won a great victory, and produced "Midnight Music" and "Return to Beijing Music" two compositions, and composed compositions and small breaks. "Tai Ping Yu Lan" contains: "The return of Beijing music, Emperor Tang Ming rebelled against Shu, and the official music official Zhang Yehu composed this song." Because the tune expresses the happy mood of the emperor's victory and return to Beijing according to his own ability, the "Yue "I should read" lè "for expressing emotional joy.
According to the ability of the song, the emotion expressed in the tune complements the meaning of the words. For example, "He Manzi" was originally a person's name. It was the name of He Cangzhou, who was the name of Cangzhou in Tang Xuanzong. He was sentenced to death for convicting the emperor of Ming Dynasty. He made a special song before he was sentenced. Because He Manzi was deeply saddened by himself, the music he made was also broken, and people also called this song "broken bowel song". Hou Liyuan musicians played the role of Emperor Tang Ming. The Emperor Ming was very moved and pardoned He Manzi for his sins, and named the music "He Manzi".
Another example is "Litchi Fragrance". Emperor Tang Ming and Guiyang Yang went to the Huaqing Palace on Lishan to catch up with the birthday of the concubine. Tang Minghuang made a birthday for the concubine. The small voices in the teaching workshop played a new song in the Changsheng Hall. The name of the tune is precisely the southern part of the concubine's favorite fruit litchi, so the new music is named "lychee fragrance". "Quan Tang Poetry" contains many poems that sing "Litchi", which shows that the tone of "Litchi" is related to the subject. For example, Du Mu's "Quaint to the Palace of Huaqing Palace" "Chang'an looked back and embroidered piles, and the top of the mountain opened a thousand times. When riding the red dust princess smiled, nobody knew it was Litchi."
The "le" in the popular drama "Qing Ping Le" should also be understood as content and harmony, so the sound should be "lè"
After understanding the relationship between the name of the tone and the content, let's look at "Qing Ping Le", which was originally the name of the Tang Jiao Fang. It is named after the two tunes of "Qing Le" and "Ping Le" in the Han Yuefu, and then used as a word card. "Song History · Lezhi" was included in "Dashi Tune", "Jinxi Collection" and "Music Collection" were incorporated into "Vietnam". This is also the reason why many commentators in ancient times believed that the word "le" was pronounced "yuè".
If we retrospect the tune, "Biji Manzhi" according to the "Song Window Record" cloud: "In Kaiyuan, the first planting of Paeonia lactiflora was banned, and four copies were obtained. Taizhen Concubine followed suit. Li Guinian held a sandalwood board, and before betting on the music, he would like to sing it. It was said: 'Yan uses old words as?' Ming Guinian Xuan Hanlin Bachelor Li Baili entered the three chapters of Qingping tune. Bai Chengzhao, confession, advancing in the year of the tortoise. He ordered the disciples of Liyuan to adjust their style, touch the silk bamboo, and promote the song of the tortoise. The princess Taizhen laughed and led the song with great meaning. " The scene is of great interest, and the music of Life Music is composed by Li Bai. Li Bai presented three songs of "Qing Ping Tiao" at this time. In the poem, "Clouds want clothes, flowers want capacity, spring breeze swells Lu Huanong", "explain spring breeze unlimited hate, agarwood pavilion leans north to the trunk", etc. sing praises to the beauty of the concubine. Prosperous scenery.
As a result, the word "Qing Ping Le" also sang for the prosperity of Changping. Ren Erbei's "Remarks on the Notes of Jiaofang" cloud: "Wen Tingyun's" Qing Ping Le ": 'New Year Qing Ping Si Tong', which means" Two Capitals "," Qing Ping Hai, Nothing in the Court "," Dunhuang Miscellaneous Records " "Yuanwen" under the cloud: "She Ji has Ying Rui's auspiciousness, and there is Qingping Pleasure in the country's borders". The word "tune" does not refer to Qing Ping and Ping Tiao. "Speaking of the TV series" Qing Ping Le "mentioned earlier, It also shows the picture of Qingping peace in the Northern Song Dynasty under Song Renzongren's political principles, then the "le" should be understood as content and harmony, so the sound should be "lè".
Those who read "yuè" should understand "le" as a tune system
Those who read "yuè" should understand "le" as a melody system. Although "le" in Han Yuefu's initial "Qing Yue" and "Ping Le" did describe the system of melody, but "Qing" "" And "Ping" are closely related to the content of the tune. If we look at the "Music" in "Qing Ping Le" as the music system, the "Qing Ping Le" label should be "Qing Ping" instead of "Qing Ping Le". Most of the ancient tunes are derived from tunes, so the categories of tunes are also divided according to the categories of tunes. Different ancient music scores have different classifications. The music closely related to the Tang and Song cis are mainly Daqu and Zaqu. Daqu is a large-scale song and dance song in the Tang and Song Dynasties. It consists of several tunes in the same palace and has a complicated structure. Faqu is a part of Daqu. Because of the fusion of Buddhism and Daomen, it is called Faqu or Fayue. Qu Po is the part after the Da Qu breaks. Single songs other than Daqu are collectively referred to as tunes or miscellaneous tunes, and chorus choirs are divided into order, lead, near and slow due to different music or length and length segments. Nameplates are naturally named with tone-styled styles, and the naming rules are generally "skills + styles", such as "Rumen Ling", "Yang Guan Yin", "Zhu Yingtai near", "Magnolia Flower Slow", etc. "Introduction", "near" and "slow" etc. are for the tone of the word, and this category does not include "le".
Speaking of "Qing Ping Le", this brand is also known as "Qing Ping Le Ling", just like "Bu Suan Zi" can also be called "Bu Sing Zi Ling", "Lang Tao Sha" can also be called "Lang Tao Sha Ling" and so on. "Ling" here is used to describe the system of song and song, and the three words "Qing Ping Le" are all used as descriptive words, which proves the pronunciation of "Le" in "Qing Ping Le" from another angle. "Lè".
The TV series is named "Qing Ping Le". First, considering that the Song Dynasty was the prosperous period of the creation of Quzi Ci (ci), the Northern Song Dynasty poets came out in large numbers and used a lot of tone in the creation; the main reason is that Song Renzong was in place during the two Song dynasties The longest emperor, for a total of 42 years, historians summarized the period of Renzong's reign and ruling the country as "Renzong Shengzhi", which is in line with reality. Renzong is self-satisfied, self-reliant and harmonious, and the country enjoys peace and happiness. Of course, the "happiness" in this "Qingping music" must read the "happiness" of Anle.
(The author is a professor of the School of Liberal Arts of Jilin University, a doctoral tutor, and the head of the Chinese Department)