The choice of the new generation of migrant workers: In the past, they entered the city to make money and returned to their hometowns to spend money. Now they settle in small and medium-sized cities and become new residents
. They are rich and have rich heads. They care about salary, and pay more attention to development
. Only by skill, can work be truly stable
Reading tips
This year, China will complete a new urbanization plan for the urbanization of 100 million people in the central and western regions. With the relaxation of settlement standards in small and medium-sized cities, the cost of living is lower than in large cities, and children are more likely to go to school, the new generation of migrant workers no longer blindly choose employment in large cities, but are more inclined to settle in small and medium-sized cities and become new residents. This was confirmed by the representatives of the National People's Congress and the National People's Congress interviewed by the reporter. At the same time, the representative said that migrant workers must have skills in integrating into the city, so that work can be truly stable and they can gain a foothold in small and medium-sized cities.
"The new generation of migrant workers is no longer the traditional impression of migrant workers. Affected by the epidemic this year, many migrant workers are employed in small and medium-sized cities near their homes, and even started businesses. They have also contributed to local employment." Yuan Haibo, a villager in Yuanjiaying Village, Ciying Town, Qilin District, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, said that the new generation of migrant workers not only got rich pockets, but also got rich heads. They not only care about salary, but also pay more attention to supporting environment and development space. Employment preferences have changed.
According to the "National New Urbanization Plan (2014 ~ 2020)", China will guide the urbanization of 100 million people in the central and western regions, and guide the orderly transfer of industries. Since this year, nearly 80 cities have issued talent policies, and nearly 30 cities followed up in April alone. At present, except for some provincial capital cities, the central and western regions of China have basically abolished restrictions on urban settlement. With the relaxation of settlement standards in small and medium-sized cities, are the new generation of migrant workers more inclined to take root in small and medium-sized cities and become new residents? "Worker Daily" reporter interviewed representatives in related fields.
Working in small and medium cities is more affordable
"Migrant workers used to work in first- and second-tier cities before entering cities. Now the income gap between large cities and small and medium-sized cities is gradually narrowing. Large cities have high incomes on the surface, but high costs and low net income." Deputies to the National People's Congress 1. Lu Xindi, a senior technician at FAW Jiefang Dalian Diesel Engine Co., Ltd., calculated an account for the reporter. The monthly income from working in Shenyang is 3,000 yuan. Apart from renting more than 1,000 yuan, the monthly expenses for living expenses are not much. If you are employed in a small and medium-sized town at your doorstep, you can reduce the cost of renting a house, and your actual income may be higher.
Zhang Quanshou, a representative of the National People's Congress and a secretary of the Party Branch of Zhui Town, Zhuli Town, Shangcaidian, Zhumadian City, Henan Province, who just returned from a sports industry company in Zhengzhou, found that the company's recruitment situation was not ideal. At present, there are only more than 2,000 people. This year, affected by the epidemic, the children did not resume classes, and some migrant workers could not go out at home. They hope to find employment nearby, and it is more affordable to work in small and medium-sized cities than to go to large cities.
The "Monitoring Survey Report of Migrant Workers 2019" released by the National Bureau of Statistics on April 30 also confirmed this statement: The data shows that the total number of migrant workers in 2019 is about 291 million, an increase of 2.41 million from 2018. The inter-provincial mobility of migrant workers continues to decrease, and they are more inclined to find employment at the doorstep of their homes. Among them, the number of employed migrant workers outside the province decreased by 1.1% year-on-year, and the employed migrant workers in the province increased by 0.9% year-on-year. This is the second consecutive year that the number of migrant workers across provinces has declined.
In recent years, the representative of Zhang Quanshou found that when dispatching labor services, with the rise of the central region, the development of the western region, and poverty alleviation and other policy opportunities, a large number of manufacturing and service projects have accelerated to land, creating a large number of labor jobs and broadening local farmers. Workers are nearby and local employment channels are available. Some migrant workers have gradually returned from the eastern region to the local area, and have achieved local employment and local employment.
"On the one hand, the increasing cost of living and increasing employment pressure in big cities have brought great challenges to some migrant workers. On the other hand, poverty alleviation projects, industrial parks, poverty alleviation workshops, and public welfare posts have attracted a large number of Migrant workers are employed nearby. In addition, wages in the central and western regions are growing faster than those in the eastern region, which further enhances the attractiveness of local employment for migrant workers. "The NPC deputy and the party branch of Peizhai Village, Zhangcun Township, Hui County, Xinxiang, Henan Secretary Pei Chunliang believes that with the overall victory in poverty alleviation and the steady progress of the rural revitalization strategy, public resources in small and medium-sized cities have been further optimized, and infrastructure such as education, medical care, and health have been continuously improved, and the gap between urban and rural areas has gradually narrowed. It is an inevitable trend for the new generation of migrant workers to become new residents in small and medium-sized cities.
Not only stay, but also want to take root in small and medium cities
"Before many migrant workers went to work in big cities, the children still stayed in their homes, which caused a lot of problems. Now that the restrictions on settlement in small and medium-sized cities have been lifted, they have the possibility to settle down and become new residents, and their children's schooling will also become smoother. Some. "Hu Chunxia, a deputy to the National People's Congress and an employee of the Defa Chang Dumpling House of Xi'an Food & Beverage Co., Ltd., has been very familiar with the hardships and difficulties of working in a foreign country. She said that taking root in the city and enjoying the dividend of urban development is the pursuit of more and more new generation of migrant workers.
In recent years, the new generation of migrant workers has gradually become the main body of migrant workers. According to a survey conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics, the difficulty of going to school for high school students and the high cost are more prominent in eastern regions and large cities. 50.9% of migrant workers report that their children who are moving face some problems in going to school in cities. The larger the size of the city, the more prominent the problems of higher education, fees, and college entrance examinations, and these problems are more significant in large cities with a population of more than 5 million. Therefore, more new-generation migrant workers tend to settle in small and medium-sized cities, so that after they stay in small and medium-sized cities, it is easier for them to take their children to live in the city and have the opportunity to let their children enjoy urban education.
Zhang Xiaoqing, NPC deputy and marketing manager of Hunan Shanhe Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd., found in the investigation that compared with the older generation of migrant workers, the new generation of migrant workers entered the city in order to find a job and increase their income, they must also take root in the city and enjoy the city's life. Way, and ultimately stay in the city. They have more expectations for the working environment, welfare benefits, social recognition, and children's schooling.
As urbanization advances, it also attracts more labor to gather in small and medium-sized cities. "Employment in small and medium-sized cities has a much lower life pressure than in large cities, and it can also solve the problem of settlement and children going to school, which is more attractive to us." As a new generation of migrant workers, the National People's Congress representative and the general contractor of China Construction Five Zou Bin, the project quality manager of the company, said that unlike the majority of migrant workers who used to make money in cities and return to their hometowns to spend money, more young migrant workers want to take root in cities, and small and medium-sized cities are also easier to integrate.
Becoming a new resident requires skill
"To be truly stable in work, you must have skills, and you also need to improve your skills in the tertiary industry." Representative Hu Chunxia, who has worked hard in introducing foreign languages to the menu, has a deep understanding of the professional skills of migrant workers. "Migrant workers integrate into urban life to achieve stable employment, they need to have certain cultural literacy, social communication ability, ideological and moral standards and technical skills. Migrant workers themselves must have civic awareness, accelerate the change of concepts, and form ideas that are suitable for urbanized living conditions. Concepts and lifestyles. At the same time, the government should also strengthen the training of migrant workers to become citizens, lay a personal quality foundation for migrant workers to integrate into urban life, and cooperate with governments to solve the problem of migrant workers entering the city. "
"In recent years, the state has introduced support policies, and how to implement them is the key. The migrant workers who stay in the city are faced with the problem of how to improve their professional capabilities." Delegate Zhang Xiaoqing believes that on the one hand, the new generation of migrant workers should improve their labor skills. There is a skill; on the other hand, it is necessary to steadily increase the salary level of first-line posts and increase the attractiveness of the post to the young labor force. Migrant workers will be formally incorporated into the urban employment system to achieve a scientific allocation of labor market resources.
Xu Qijin, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy head of the transmission and live operation group of Suzhou Power Supply Company of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co., Ltd., proposed that migrant workers be truly included in the construction system of industrial workers. He believes that in terms of employment assistance, skill upgrading, professional development, title honor, rights protection, and participation in politics, there should be no differential management and package construction for migrant workers and traditional industry workers. The quality and abilities of this group of people have gone up, and the industrial upgrade has the support of people, and stable employment has supported the bottom plate.
Zhao Jianying Yang Zhaokui Wang Qun Zhao Hang Li Danqing